高考英語第一輪重點(diǎn)語法復(fù)習(xí)：定語從句.ppt

1、什么是定語和定語從句？ 定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的單詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。單詞作定語一般前置,句子或短語作定語則必須后置.句子作定語則叫定語從句. a blue sea a handsome boy,定語從句的位置: 1.緊跟在先行詞的后面: You must do everything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.,2.定語從句后移/分隔式定語從句,He laughs best who laughs last. He is th

2、e only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.,3.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可前移 As you all know,the earth is round.,定語從句,Join the following sentences: 1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. A plane is can fly.,a machine,the machine,a machine,that /which,關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指,that/which代指先行詞mac

3、hine。,2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. The girl is Mary. The girl is Mary.,we saw her yesterday,who/that we saw yesterday,關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指，who/that代指先行詞the girl。,1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 2. This is the city where I was born. 定義：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。 先行

4、詞：被定語從句修飾的詞。 關(guān)系詞/連接詞：連接主句和定語從句的連詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞，一定要在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,定語從句:,關(guān)系代詞(作主語/賓語/表語): 1.who/whom(that) 2.which(that) 3.that不能放在介詞的后面 4.whose=of which 或 of whom 5.as 關(guān)系副詞(作狀語) : 1.where=介詞+ which 2.when=介詞+ which 3.why=for+which,4.way的特殊用法 the way,he lives. that he lives. in which he lives.,關(guān)系詞的作用: 1)連接；

5、2)代替先行詞；3)在定從中作成分。,一、關(guān)系代詞,1. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000. A. who B. which C. where D. when,A,1. who,作定從的主語/賓語 指人 作主語時(shí)不可省略 指代先行詞,2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother. A. whom B. / C. which D. when,AB,2. whom,作定從的賓語 指人 可省略 指代先行詞,3. Spielberg won a prize for

6、a short film _ he made. A. which B. who C. / D. where,AC,3. which,作定從的主語或賓語 指物 作賓語可省略 指代先行詞,4. Its about a big shark_ attacks swimmers _ are spending their holidays in a small village. A. where B. who C. that D. which E./,4. that,作定從的主語或賓語 指物或人 作賓語可省略 指代先行詞,CD,BC,5. Spielberg, _ mother was a music t

7、eacher, was born in 1946. A. who B. which C. whose D. that,C,5. whose,作定從的定語 指物或人 不可省略 指代先行詞=sbs/sths,I once lived in a house _ was broken. A. whose roof B. which roof C. of which the roof D. the roof of which,ACD,5. whosenof which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whom,她父母不想把女兒嫁給一個(gè)家境貧窮的男人。,Her parents d

8、ont want to marry their daughter to a man_ is poor.,whose family,=the family of whom,=of whom the family,the roof of the house,關(guān)系副詞和定語從句,I still remember the day. .,=when,(1),(2),on the day,I came here,=on which,我仍然記得（我來到這里的）那天。,(1)我仍然記得這天。 (2)在這天我來到這里。,1. Do you know the date _ Lincoln was born? A.

9、 which B. on which C. when D. where,1. when,BC,作定從的時(shí)間狀語 指時(shí)間,在從句中表示在.時(shí)間=in/on.+which 先行詞為時(shí)間名詞,This is the house . last year.,=in which = where,I lived,in the house,(1),(2),就是這所（我去年住過的）房子。,(1)就是這所房子。 (2)我去年在這所房子住過。,2. The farm _ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away. A. when B. where C. why D. on wh

10、ich,BD,2. where,作定從的地點(diǎn)狀語 指地點(diǎn),在從句中表示在.地點(diǎn)=in/on.+which 先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞(situation, business, case, point, surroundings,environment,scene等為地點(diǎn)概念的名詞),He gave a reason.,=for which =why,(1),(2),for the reason.,people like music,(1)他給了一個(gè)原因 (2)因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因人們喜歡音樂。,他給了一個(gè)（人們喜歡音樂的）原因。,3. I dont know the reason _ he looks unha

11、ppy. A. that B. why C. for which D. /,BC,3. why,作定從的原因狀語 指原因,在從句中表示因?yàn)?原因=for which 先行詞為reason,I disapprove the reasons _ he came up with. A. that B. why C. for which D. /,AD,因此先行詞雖然為reason,但如果連接詞在從句中作主語或者賓語,則只能用that/which,4.以way為先行詞的定語從句問題。 I dont like the way _ he talked to his mother. I dont like

12、the way _ he chose to do it. A. that B. in which C. / D. how,ABC,AC,way 方式， 方法,1.連接詞如果在從句中作狀語時(shí),用that或者in which且可以略。 2.連接詞如果在從句作主語或賓語，用that或which,關(guān)系代詞的用法,關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：,何時(shí)可以省略？,何時(shí)可以省略？,做賓語時(shí)可以省略,解題方法和技巧,1.首先是確定關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作什么成分。若是作主語、賓語，則在關(guān)系代詞中選擇。若是作狀語，則在關(guān)系副詞中選擇。 2.其次是看先行詞是人還是物；是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是reason,way。,1.

13、She looked at Jeff_ was waving his arms. 2. The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital. 3. And there she saw a wall of water _ was quickly advancing towards her. A. who B. that C. whose D. which,1、判斷關(guān)系詞在定從中的成分是關(guān)鍵； 2、再看先行詞。,AB,C,BD,定語從句使用中的特殊情況,一、只能用that的情況： 1. 先行詞既有物又有人時(shí)。 He s

14、poke of the persons and things that he had seen abroad. 2.先行詞是something, anything, all, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 3.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)或者被,all,the very,the only,the just修飾時(shí)。 This is the best film that I have ever seen.,二、不用that的情況： 1.介詞后禁用關(guān)系詞that。 I heard of the man, abo

15、ut whom he talked. 2. 非限制性定語從句。 She was late again, which made me unhappy.,定語從句使用中的特殊情況,about that(X),that(X),三,介詞關(guān)系代詞的問題。,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1,The man who/whom you spoke

16、was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city

17、that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is fa

18、r away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可見,who、that 不能用與介詞之后,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 2,The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 3,He lives in a lonely village. At the back of it is a hill.,He lives in a lovely village, at the back of _ is a hill.,He has

19、three sisters. All of them are abroad.,He has three sisters,all of _ are abroad.,which,whom,Join the following sentences:,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短語中介詞不能提前,下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?,3. 固定動(dòng)詞或介詞短語搭配,1. Do you like the book she spent

20、 $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow Rive

21、r. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,of

22、 which,from which,to whom,of which,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 練習(xí),I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day = on which= when,in the house= in which= where,for the reasons = for

23、 which= why,in the way = that= in which,關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞,介詞關(guān)系代詞的問題。 1.of which/whom 結(jié)構(gòu)很多時(shí)候表示“其中 Class 14 has 75 students, of whom 35 students are girls.= 35 students of whom are girls. 2. when/why/where很多時(shí)候可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞+關(guān)系代詞。 This is the house where I live. Everyone knows the reason why he succeeded. I rememb

24、er the day when I visited the temple.,in which,for which,on which,On her birthday, she received from her parents a nice present _a note was attached,_ “We love you so much”. A. that, saying B. to which, saying C. to which, said D. in which, said,Alec asked the policeman _he worked to contact him whe

25、never there was an accident. With him B. who C. with whom D. whom,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.Thi

26、s is the reason _he gave.,when,(which/that),where,(which/that),why,(that/which),幾種易混的情況,及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞,in which,in which,for which,非限制性定語從句,1。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句： 此時(shí)無論它在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分它都不能省約，也不能換為that 1)和主句之間的關(guān)系不密切，只起附加說明作用： We all like the book,which was written by LuXun. 2)用來代替整個(gè)先行分句的內(nèi)容。這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后

27、： Bush was elected president again,which made Jim very sad.,一.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的連接詞who/whom/ whose/ which/where/when /why/as 來引導(dǎo),不能用that,二.as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,1.as 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞是固定的,如： as you know/ see/planned/ as we expected/understand/think/ believe 也可以將它們用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中: as is known/seen/planned/expected,The earth

28、is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to all _the earth is round. _ is known to all is _the earth is round.,It,which/ as,As,It,定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,that,What,that,what引導(dǎo)主語從句, that引導(dǎo)表語從句,2.as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,用于下列固定句

29、型中,1).This is such an interesting book _ we all like. 2).This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,as,that,這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句),這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語從句),as,3)This is the same book _ _ I have.

30、,3.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別： 1. which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放于逗號(hào)后面。 2. as引導(dǎo)的從句可前可后，常用于as is said above（如上所述), as we know （我們都知道), as is well known, as is often the case（正如往常一樣），as is reported, as we expect等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。,四.限定性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別: 限定性定語從句用于修飾和限定先行詞，與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切。它所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)（些）或一類特定的人或東西。如果刪去，則剩下的部分意思就會(huì)

31、含糊不清。如： This is the man who gave me the money這就是給我錢的那個(gè)人。 上句如刪去從句who gave me the money，則成了This is the man（這是那個(gè)人。）完全失去了整個(gè)句子的意思，因而不能刪掉, 非限定性定語從句，在意義上，它是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語，是對(duì)先行詞的進(jìn)一步說明。如果刪去它，不影響整個(gè)句子的基本意思。如： Wang Dong，who is in the room，wants to ask you some questions 王東，他在房間里，想問你幾個(gè)問題。 上述主句是Wang Dong wants to as

32、k you some questions，如果刪去從句（who is in the room），并不影響整個(gè)句子基本意思的表達(dá)。, 另外，在意思上，有時(shí)限定性和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別還是較大的。如： In their class，there are fifteen students who can speak English well 在他們班上有十五位英語說得好的學(xué)生。 （可以看出他們班學(xué)生要多于十五位） In their class，there are fifteen students， who can speak English well 他們班上有十五位學(xué)生,他們英語說得很好。（可以看

33、出他們班上共有十五名學(xué)生，他們英語口語都好。）,（限定性定語從句）,(非限定性定語從句）,插入成分,修飾限定,補(bǔ)充解釋,能,不能,.的,能否省略,解題方法和技巧,1.首先是確定關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作什么成分。若是作主語、賓語，則在關(guān)系代詞中選擇。若是作狀語，則在關(guān)系副詞中選擇。 2.其次是看先行詞是人還是物；是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是reason,way。,三.非限制性定語從句和單句的比較,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.H

34、e has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This/It,which,them whom,them,that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,whom,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的連接詞，一律不能省略,2.He failed in the exam;_ made his parents angry.,this/it,1. Is this the factory _ his father vi

35、sited last year? 2. Is this the factory _ his father worked last year? A. which B. that C./ D. where E. in which,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,ABC,DE,1. I will never forget the time _ I spent with the villagers. 2. I will never forget the time _ I stayed with the villagers. A. which B. that C./ D. when,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,ABC,D,1. I dont

36、believe the reason _ he gave for his absence. 2. I dont believe the reason _ he was absent. A. which B. that C. / D. why E. for which,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,ABC,DE,1. It is this shop _ I bought all these things. 2. It is in this shop _ I bought all these things. A. that B. where C. in which D. /,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,BC,A,1. It was 1

37、949 _ PRC was founded. 2. It was in 1949_ PRC was founded. A. when B. in which C. that D. where,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,A,C,1. All _ I do is for you. 2. _ I do is for you. A. that B. what C. / D. which,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,AC,B,what引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中作主語. what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.,對(duì)比訓(xùn)練,1. It is so difficult a question _ no one can solve it. 2. It is so

38、difficult a question _ no one can solve. A. that B. as 1. _ is announced, the meeting was put off. 2. _ is announced that the meeting was put off. A. It B. As,A,B,B,A,3.as和which引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別： 1). which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放于逗號(hào)后面 2). as引導(dǎo)的從句可前可后，常用于as is said above（如上所述), as we know , as is well known, as is often the

39、 case（正如往常一樣),as is reported, as we expect等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。 3).as還可以用語下列固定句型中: so/such/as/the sameas.,1. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which The famous football star, _ tried to make a goal, succeeded. A. where B. when C. which D. who,D,本句中which指代先行詞

40、a lawyer（律師身份).有逗號(hào)，不用that。,D,2. The result of the game was good, _ we hadnt expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 3. _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. Which,C,本句中which指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，譯為“這”。有逗號(hào)，不用that。,本句中as指代后面整句話的內(nèi)容，譯為“正如.一樣”。

41、位于句首，不用which。,C,4. I like the same programme _ you like. A. that B.as C. which D. when,B,本句中as指代先行詞programme，因?yàn)橄刃性~被the same修飾，故選as。,as引導(dǎo)定語從句常與主句構(gòu)成的the same.as; as.as; such/so.as結(jié)構(gòu)。,5. _ is reported, Tom won the first prize. A. It B. As C. Which D. That,B,本句中as指代后面Tom won the first prize的事實(shí)。譯為“正如所報(bào)道的

42、那樣”。位于居首，不用which。,as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語可位于居首。,五.定語從句的主謂一致：試對(duì)比： I bought a book yesterdayIt was very interesting The book which I bought yesterday_ very interesting I bought some books yesterdayThey were very interesting The books which I bought yesterday very interesting,定語從句中如果連接詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與連接詞的數(shù)即先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。,w

43、as,was,were,He is one of the students who_praised by the teacher. He is the(only)one of the students who_ praised by the teacher.,were,was,定語從句中如果連接詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與連接詞的數(shù)即先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。,1.He talked happily about the men and book_ interested him greatly in the school. A.that B.when C. who D.which 2.Can you le

44、nd me the book _ the other day? A.which you talked B.that you talked C.about that you talked D.you talked about,A,D,3.Is _some American friends visited last week? A.this school where B.this school one C.this the school D.this school 4.Ill show you a store_you may buy all _you need. A.that,that B.which ,that C.where,which D.in which,