ACT各單項介紹-ACT閱讀-主旨題.ppt

1、,一. 主旨的定義,主旨 = 主題（KW） +方向（正負感情色彩） +關(guān)系詞（邏輯）,一. 主旨的定義,Why you may wonder should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world. They would devour all our crop

2、s, and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.,We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect-eaters, spiders

3、never do the least harm to us or our belongings.,一. 主旨的定義,“主題” 是這段話講的事物（spiders） “方向”是該事物是好是壞（friends） “關(guān)系詞”是維持或者改變方向的標志 （Because、and和Moreover）。,二. 如何掌握主旨,錯誤方法： 勻速閱讀，精讀每個單詞和句子 正確方法： 變速閱讀，先慢后快,二. 如何掌握主旨,漢語族人的思維方式是“螺旋式”的，喜歡畫龍點睛， “Save the best for the last”。 英語族人的思維方式是“直線式”的，喜歡直入主題， “Say what you want

4、 to say, then say why”。 70%-80%的英語段落都是首句是主題句,二. 如何掌握主旨,變速閱讀： 精讀首句（把握首句的“主題”和“方向”） 瀏覽全段（把握全段的“關(guān)系詞”），,二. 如何掌握主旨,All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may

5、 contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion;,二. 如何掌握主旨,and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have p

6、rovided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.,二. 如何掌握主旨,精讀首句： 主題是“environmental impacts” 方向是“damaging”（負向） 瀏覽全段 關(guān)系詞：For example及四個并列的分句維持著首句的方向。 主旨：“環(huán)境影響是破壞性的”,二. 如何掌握主旨,Drama is sometimes seen as a branch of literature because plays，like literature, are often printed in book form. How

7、ever, there is an important difference between the two forms. Unlike a novel，a play is written to be performed, and the script of a play is not a finished work；it is an outline for a performance.,二. 如何掌握主旨,The physical production of the play-the scenery, lighting，and costumes-will affect the perform

8、ance, and so will the actors. How the actors interpret their roles greatly influences the plays effect on the audience.,二. 如何掌握主旨,精讀首句： 主題是“drama”和“l(fā)iterature” 方向是“a branch” 主旨是“戲劇與文學(xué)的相同點” 因果關(guān)系詞because和類比關(guān)系詞like都是維持方向的。,二. 如何掌握主旨,瀏覽全段： 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞：However和unlike說明方向發(fā)生了改變 主旨：“戲劇與文學(xué)是不同的”。（第二句）,二. 如何掌握主旨,Mot

9、her, who wanted to keep her, always thoughts of her as some wild little bird, but I knew she was a homing pigeon. I knew that at some point in her flight path, sooner or later, she would make a U-turn. A sort of human boomerang.,二. 如何掌握主旨,So even though I had long since stopped expecting it, I was n

10、ot surprised when I walked down the gravel drive to the mailbox, which Id painted papaya yellow to attract good news, and found the flimsy envelope with the Dallas postmark.,主旨題,1. 內(nèi)容性主旨題 2. 目的性主旨題,內(nèi)容性主旨題,如果文章有明顯主題句，則對其作同義替換 新老觀點對比型：新觀點為主題句 現(xiàn)象解釋型：正確解釋為主題句 問題解決型：正確的解決方法為主題句 結(jié)論解釋型：開頭的結(jié)論為主題句,內(nèi)容性主旨題,如果無

11、明確的主題句，則使用三出現(xiàn)原則。 1. KW必須出現(xiàn) 2. 細節(jié)不能出現(xiàn) 3. 新內(nèi)容（文中未提到）不能出現(xiàn),新老觀點對比型(468),Traditionally, manufacturers havent had to worry about what happens to a product after it leaves their gates. But that is starting to change, thanks to laws now in the wings in Europe (and headed for the United States) that will req

12、uire companies to take back their durable goods such as refrigerators, washers, and cars at the end of their useful lives.,新老觀點對比型(468),In Germany, the take-back laws start with the initial sale. Companies must take back all their packaging or hire middlemen to do the recycling. Take-back laws mean

13、that manufacturers who have been saying, “This product can be recycled,” must now say, “We recycle our products and packaging.”,現(xiàn)象解釋型(472),Researchers have suggested many scenarios for the Martian apocalypse. Some have proposed that the sun gradually whittled away Mars atmosphere with its wind of ch

14、arged particles. Others have hypothesized that the planet itself absorbed most of its atmosphere, turning carbon dioxide into carbonate rocks.,現(xiàn)象解釋型(472),For the past seven years, however, Ann Vickery and Jay Melosh, two planetary scientists from the University of Arizona, have been exploring a far

15、more spectacular ending: most of Mars atmosphere, they suggest, was blasted away by a succession of asteroids and comets.,結(jié)論解釋型(186),The remarkable thing about dinosaurs is not that they became extinct, but that they dominated the earth for so long. Dinosaurs held sway for 100 million years while ma

16、mmals, all the while, lived as small animals in the interstices of their world. After 70 million years on top, we mammals have an excellent track record and good prospects for the future, but we have yet to display the staying power of dinosaurs.,問題解決型(181),“You going to invite them here?” “I havent thought that far” I said. “Dont put it off” “Maybe