考研英語小作文.ppt

1、考研英語寫作之應用文攻略,09考研暑期復習之備戰(zhàn)英語寫作,應用文寫作,一、書信類八大模板復習及便箋寫作 二、考綱要求的其他類型的應用文： 1.備忘錄(Memorandum) 2.摘要(Abstract) 3.報告(Report),一、書信類八大模板復習: 1. 投訴信 2. 詢問信 3. 請求信 4. 道歉信 5. 感謝信 6. 建議信 7. 求職信 8. 邀請信9. 便箋寫作,1. 投訴信,Dear_,I am . (自我介紹) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_.

2、The reason for my dissatisfaction is _(總體介紹). In the first place,_(抱怨的第一個方面). In addition, _(抱怨的第二個方面). Under these circumstances, I find it _(感覺) to _(抱怨的方面給你帶來的后果),I appreciate it very much if you could_(提出建議和請求), preferably _(進一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by _(設定解決事情最后期限).

3、Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,2. 詢問信,Dear _,I am _(自我介紹). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_.(要詢問的內容)First of all, what are _?(第一個問題) Secondly, when will_?(第二個問題) Thirdly, is

4、_?(第三個問題),I would also like to inquire _(將最重要的問題單獨成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,3. 請求信,Dear_,I am writing to formal

5、ly request to_(請求的內容)The reason for _is that_（給出原因）.I_, so I _(給出細節(jié))I would also like to request _(提出進一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused,Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at_(電話號碼). I look forward to a favorab

6、le reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,4. 道歉信,Dear _,I am truly sorry that_(道歉的原因).The reason is that _(介紹原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,5. 感謝信,Dear_,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude

7、 for _(感謝的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in _(對方給你的具體幫助), I fear that I would have been_(沒有對方幫助時的后果).,Every one agrees that it was you who_(給出細節(jié)).Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.Yours sincerely,Li Ming,6. 建議信,Dear _,You have asked me for

8、my advice with regard to _, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions:_(建議的內容),I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good Luck with your_

9、(祝愿)Yours sincerely, Li Ming,7. 求職信,Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(報紙名稱)of_(廣告發(fā)布時間).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a _(工作名稱). In the one hand,_(第一個原因). On the other hand, _(另一

10、個原因).,Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _(電話號碼)Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours sincerely, Li Ming,8. 邀請信,Dear_,There will a _(內容)

11、 at/in_(地點) on_(時間). We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at _(具體時間). This will be followed by a _(進一步的安排). At around_(時間)，_(另一個安排)I really hope you can make it. RSVP before _(通知你的最后期限)Yours sincerely, Li Ming,9. 便箋寫作,便箋，即便條，與書信大致相似，但區(qū)別有三： 1.便箋較隨便，因此語氣通常更輕松，格式和語言都是如

12、此。 2.通常便箋較短，這意味著須略去冗余信息。便箋應言簡意賅。 3.便箋更具個性化：更接近口語，如有必要，語言可以更直接，可使用行話。,Directions: One of your professors announces in class he requires a research assistant during the summer. While you are unable to take the job, your good friend Alex would be perfect for it. Write him a note persuading him to go fo

13、r the interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use “Li Ming” instead.,Dear Alex, I was in my biology class yesterday and Prof. Jones made an announcement that I think might interest you. He is looking for a research assistant fo

14、r the summer semester to help him with an important project. I think you would be perfect for the job. I know you are looking for work right now, and this really would be the ideal job for you. Prof. Jones is an excellent professor and I think you will be fascinated by his research. In addition, it

15、will be a great job to put on your resume. If you want his contact information, let me know and I will give it to you. Your sincerely, Li Ming,二、考綱要求的其他類型的應用文：.備忘錄(Memorandum),備忘錄即辦公室便箋(interoffice Memorandum，簡稱Memo)，是當今商務機構中使用最多的文件。與信函不同，便箋主要用于機關或公司內部，故不用地址，不需要信末禮節(jié)性的結束語。 備忘錄的構成： 1)收閱人(To)：一般不需加Mr.,

16、 Miss, Dr等稱呼，如收閱人職務高，正式場合通常要加上如(Vice) President一類的稱呼。如收閱人多，可采用：To: Publication Committee/ To: See Below(把收閱人名字列在便箋末尾),2)撰寫人(From)：一般不加頭銜，如果公司人員多，可注明撰寫人所在的部門。如：From: Paula C. Salle, Customer Relations. 3)日期：注明定函的具體時間(年、月、日)。 4)事由：通常用名詞詞組表示。告訴讀者此文件的主要內容。 5)文檔編號：可有可無。 6)正文(Body)：該項與信件的正文類似，如收閱人只有一個，可在正

17、文前加上“Dear”。如不只一個則不加。 7)簽名：親筆署上自己的全名。,注：一般備忘錄，只要把收件人、發(fā)件人、日期和主題表示出來即可。 寫備忘錄，第一句就交待寫備忘錄的目的回復對方備忘錄時要標明對方備忘錄的時間。要著重于重要論點，簡明扼要，每件事情另起一段。力求準確，不能歧義。備忘錄最后要用一句概括的話強調收件人對備忘錄的內容盡快做出反應。,預測練習及范文 Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for

18、 each dormitory. Your Memo should include: (1)Your purpose. (2)The reasons. (3)Your sincere hope. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the memo. Use “Li Ming” instead.,Date: Aug. 13, 2007 To: The leader of student service department From: Li Ming Subject: Telepho

19、ne I would like to remind you that we are in need of a telephone for each dormitory. As university students, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus. We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us. Though m

20、ost of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication. I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.,預測練習及范文 Directions: You, the director of the Personnel Department, p

21、lan to recruit several new staff to meet the needs of the rapid expansion of the company. Write a memo to the relevant departments that are in great need of new hands. You should write about 100 words.,Date: Aug. 8th, 2007 To: Relevant Departments From: Director of the Personnel Department Subject:

22、Recruitment of new staff To meet the needs of the rapid expansion of the company, we plan to recruit several new staff. Specifically the numbers to be recruited for relevant departments are as follows: Sales Department - 2 sales clerks. R & D Department - 3 designers. Finance Department - 2 assistan

23、t accountants. Safety Production Department - 2 quality inspectors. Please read the instruction carefully and prepare the training courses in advance.,備忘錄常用句型,I have several proposals for cutting down on office staff. In response to your , I have to inform you that. This is further to your memo date

24、d April 18, 2008, in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch-in” system(打孔考勤). I believe these changes will result in greater work efficiency.,5. Please let me know your reactions to these suggestions. 6. If you need additional information on the above, do not hesitate to contact me. 7. Y

25、our consideration of these suggestions would be appreciated.,備忘錄常用句型,二、考綱要求的其他類型的應用文：2. 摘要(Abstract),把一篇文章的要點摘錄出來，獨立成一篇短文，叫做摘要。摘要必須簡明扼要，用詞精確，同時要求對原文內容不加任何解釋和評論，忠實地寫出原文作者的中心意思。 摘要寫作程序： 1)仔細閱讀，抓住文章大意。 2)先為摘要擬定個題目，用一個詞或短語點出原文的中心思想，該詞(或短語)可就在原文中找出。,3)在原文中找出與中心思想關系最密切的部分，作為寫摘要的材料；關系不大的地方可不予考慮。 4)閱讀中還需要做些

26、簡單的筆記，把有用的詞匯、內容和數(shù)據(jù)抄在一張紙上備用。 寫作： 1)摘要長度不超過原文的三分之一。 2)用自己的語言來寫摘要。 3)按原文的順序寫。如果不是特殊情況(如倒敘)，不要隨便更改原文的順序。,4)摘要應內容完整且無大的遺漏 5)寫摘要是項壓縮文字的練習。要做以下工作： -刪除細節(jié)：只取要點，解釋要點的細節(jié)刪去。 -削減例子：原文如有五六個例子，摘要中可只留用一兩個，其余省去。 -簡化描述：原文中有十個句子描述一個人或一件事，摘要中保留一兩句的意思即可。 -避免重復：摘要里重復是不必要的。,修改 寫完摘要要仔細修改。首先要對照原文，檢查是否漏掉重要的內容；其次，看摘要長度是否超出字數(shù)限

27、制，若超出，需對其進一步壓縮；最后，認真檢查標點、拼寫和語法，保證準確無誤。,文章摘要范文(原文略),Abstract of Article Three decades ago there was only the Gobi desert in Jiayuguan but now it has a massive Jiuquan Iron and Steel Complex. Unfortunately, 11 people died because of the cruel natural conditions before rich natural resources were explo

28、red. There has been a great fort, served as a guard to the Great Wall where soldiers could make sure others safety by striking a stone. Besides it is the fort best protected and one can have a good look at the desert by climbing the northern tower.,摘要寫作要點回顧：在保持原文的目的、情節(jié)和思想的基礎上，壓縮文章的內容，使其篇幅簡短，內容明確，主題突

29、出。 常用句型： This article focuses on the topic of The purpose of this article is to determine something This thesis discusses/deals with/analyzes/provides an overview of / elaborates on,二、考綱要求的其他類型的應用文：3. 報告(Report),報告是下級部門用書面形式向上級部門或上級領導匯報工作、反映情況、提出建議等使用的上行公文。一般由秘書書寫報告。 寫報告注意問題： 1)寫好報告的前提是對所要寫的內容有充分的了解

30、。事情的前因后果是否清楚、資料是否準確直接關系到報告的質量。 2)英文報告格式與備忘錄相似，先寫日期、收件人、發(fā)件人和主題，然后是正文部分，但報告的日期須置于右上方。,報告的常考類型及注意事項,1)請示報告(Report for Instructions)：下級部門因某項工作、某件事情提請上級部門指示審核批準的書面材料。 注意事項： a.稱呼一般為上級部門的名稱或領導人的姓名或職務。 b.正文內寫清請示的問題、目的及要求。 c.內容較多時可分幾段來寫。,請示報告預測練習及范文 Directions: You are preparing a field report, please write

31、it in about 100 words with such items as following: the current situation of the Language Labs your reason and suggestion,Date: July 23, 2004 To: Mr. Adams, Vice-president of Prince University From: Mr. Steve, Dean of Foreign Language Dept. Subject: Purchasing 10 sets of listening equipments Accordi

32、ng to the notice from the Equipment Division dated May 8, 2004, we have inspected all language labs and found that the amount of the labs cannot meet the increase in the number of students, because we have recruited 500 freshmen in 2003 and will recruit 800 this year.,In particular, we will recruit

33、English majors this year, but the present equipments are unsatisfactory to them. Besides, some of the equipments are very old and out of date. Therefore, the present situation of the lab has to be improved immediately. In order to meet the requirements of English teaching, it is hereby suggested tha

34、t ten sets of language lab equipments should be bought and issued to our department.,報告的?？碱愋图白⒁馐马?2)工作報告(Report on a Task)：下級部門向上級領導書面匯報某項工作進展情況的一種應用文。 注意事項： a.稱呼一般為上級部門的名稱或領導人的姓名或職務。 b.內容包括現(xiàn)階段工作情況、取得的成績和以后的工作計劃。 c.內容較多時可分幾段文字來寫。,工作報告預測范文 Date: September 29, 2004 To: Ms. Sun From: Zhang Lin Subject:

35、 The National Middle School Chinese Teaching Seminar On Saturday, September 5, 2004, I attended the National Middle School Chinese Teaching Seminar, held in Beijing. The goal of the seminar was to popularize the teaching method of newly edited middle school Chinese textbook. Also in attendance from

36、our department were Li Yi and Wu Dawei.,During the meeting, two of the editors explained the principles of the revision of the textbook. Then, a two-hour classroom teaching was presented by Dr. Wang Jian, a noted professor from Beijing University. In Dr. Wangs presentation, the principle of the revi

37、sion and the teaching method were well combined. Every presentation we attended was beneficial, especially, Dr. Wangs program was the most useful and informative. His interactive teaching skills were excellent. Therefore, we suggest that you send more of my colleagues to attend this seminar in the f

38、uture.,報告的常考類型及注意事項,3)調查報告(Report of an Investigation)：根據(jù)調查，客觀反映情況的書面報告。它不一定是下級向上級遞交的材料，它可以是僅僅為了備案而作的一些調查記錄。此類報告應盡量客觀而無主觀傾向，做到實事求是。 注意事項： a.如有稱呼，則一般為上級部門的名稱或領導人的姓名或職務。 b.客觀反映調查情況，應寫得詳細、具體、明確。 c.特別要注明調查進行的時間和成文時間，以備查閱。,調查報告預測范文 Date: March 8, 2004 To: Li Xiaohua, Director of Student Employment Depart

39、ment From: Liu Wei, Dean of Material Science Department Subject: Report on Students Will of Employment in 2004 Following your notice of March 5, 2004 we conducted a small study of students will of employment. According to the statistics of the survey, the students in our department expect to employ

40、themselves mainly in teaching,business and engineering. 45% of the students would like to become teachers while 50% of them businessmen and engineers. Moreover, boys are to some extent different from girls in their choice. The most striking contrast is in the occupation of teaching: 45% of girl students would like to become teachers after graduation whereas only 5% of boys want to do the job. 40% of the boys like to do most is to become enginee