英語文學(xué)中得修辭手法

1、精選文檔一、 明喻（simile）是以兩種具有相同特征的事物和現(xiàn)象進行對比，表明本體和喻體之間的相似關(guān)系，兩者都在對比中出現(xiàn)。常用比喻詞like, as, as if, as though等， 補充: 二、隱喻（metaphor）這種比喻不通過比喻詞進行，而是直接將用事物當作乙事物來描寫，甲乙兩事物之間的聯(lián)系和相似之處是暗含的。 補充: 三、提喻（synecdoche）又稱舉隅法，主要特點是局部代表全體，或以全體喻指部分，或以抽象代具體，或以具體代抽象。四、擬人（personification）這種修辭方法是把人類的特點、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物擬人，以達到彼此交融，合二為一。

2、五、夸張（hyperbole）這是運用豐富的想象，過激的言詞，渲染和裝飾客觀事物，以達到強調(diào)的效果。六、疊言（rhetorical repetition）這種修辭法是指在特定的語境中，將相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，相同意義詞組成句子重疊使用，以增強語氣和力量。 七、借代（metonymy）是指兩種不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一種事物名稱代替另一種。 八、雙關(guān)語（pun）是以一個詞或詞組，用巧妙的辦法同時把互不關(guān)聯(lián)的兩種含義結(jié)合起來，以取得一種詼諧有趣的效果。 九、擬聲（onomatcpocia）是摹仿自然界中非語言的聲音，其發(fā)音和所描寫的事物的聲音很相似，使語言顯得生動，富有表現(xiàn)力。 十、諷刺

3、（irony）是指用含蓄的褒義詞語來表示其反面的意義，從而達到使本義更加幽默，更加諷刺的效 果。十一、通感（synesthesia）是指在某個感官所產(chǎn)生的感覺，轉(zhuǎn)到另一個感官的心理感受。十二、頭韻法（alliteration）在文句中有兩個以上連結(jié)在一起的詞或詞組，其開頭的音節(jié)有同樣的字母或聲音，以增強語言的節(jié)奏感。英語修辭手法1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characterist

4、ic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as.as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It

5、 is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 3) Analogy: (類比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike si

6、mile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (擬人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(賦予) to inanim

7、ate(無生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸張） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陳述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or

8、overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeabl

9、e or inoffensive(無冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to die as” pass away.8) Metonymy (轉(zhuǎn)喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier

10、 than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指兩種不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一種事物名稱代替另一種。 1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them. 幾年以后，他們聽說拿破侖要親自來視察他們。 “word”在這里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息） 2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”. 艾爾用眼睛說，“是的”。 “說”應(yīng)該是嘴的功能，這里實際上是用眼神表達了“說話的意思”。9

11、) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say theres bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.10) Antonomasia (換喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequen

12、t use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (雙關(guān)語） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here arms has two meanings: a persons b

13、ody; weapons carried by a soldier.)/ Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一詞一語雙關(guān)，既指拿破侖和這位士兵都是瘋子，又指這位戰(zhàn)士參加過拿破侖指揮的兩次戰(zhàn)役12) Syllepsis: (一語雙敘） It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular

14、 form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.) In the second case, it

15、a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (軛式搭配） I

16、t is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to bu

17、rn)14) Irony: (反語） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗諷） It is a mild form of irony, hint

18、ing in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不贊美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (諷刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and

19、 bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的雋語） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the fac

20、e of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed. 18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修飾） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the c

21、onjoining(結(jié)合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不協(xié)調(diào)) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (對照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is

22、 silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(強烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (漸進） It

23、is derived from the Greek word for ladder and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It invo

24、lves stating ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(賦予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (頓呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea

25、 or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修飾) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.25) Alliteration: (頭韻） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effe