句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及成分.ppt

1、句子的類型,高中英語學(xué)習(xí)提高課程講座（二）,簡單句的分類,英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為三類:簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。,一、簡單句,定義：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡單句。例如： Alice studied hard. Li Ming and Zhang Hua work in the same factory. Both Tony and Jim go to school at seven in the morning, have lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon.,一、簡單句,簡單句的5種結(jié)

2、構(gòu) 1. 主語+謂語 Her father works in Nanjing. She is walking along the lake. Spring has come.,一、簡單句,2. 主語+系表結(jié)構(gòu) He is a teacher. Trees are green. She became angry at his words. The man seems kind.,常見的系動詞有be,become,get,grow,look,turn,feel,taste, smell,seem,remain,sound,keep,fall,appear,go,etc.,主語+謂語+賓語 He f

3、ound a bird in the tree. My sister enjoys the song. He forgot to post the letter. Mary denied taking the pen.,一、簡單句,一、簡單句,主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語 He gave his sister a piano. She wrote him a long letter. The worker told us a lot about his life in the past. Would you tell me where to get the ticket?,雙賓：1） 間接賓語（人

4、）+直接賓語（物） 2）直接賓語+for/to+間接賓語,常跟雙賓語的動詞: give, show, tell, lend, write, pass, hand, send, bring, return, sing, make, do, buy,etc.,一、簡單句,5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 I found him busy. The news made her excited. They consider Jim a good student. I often hear her sing the song. We elected him monitor. She kept us w

5、aiting for half an hour.,6. There be / V + S seem, happen, live, stand, come, go, etc.,There seems to be no objections to the proposal. There lived a king long long ago.,1,他是個中學(xué)生。他16歲。be 煙越變越濃。grow 斯密斯先生的臉紅了。turn 他們在教室里。be 混合物很難嘗。taste 那小孩很快睡著了。 fall 肉已經(jīng)變壞了。go 我們的愿望是學(xué)好英語。be 我父親的工作是教數(shù)學(xué)。 be 他的話聽起來有道理。

6、sound,He is a middle school student. He is 16. The smoke grew thicker and thicker. Mr Smiths face turned red. They are in the classroom. The mixture tastes terrible. The kid fell asleep soon. The meat has gone bad. Our hope is to learn English well. His fathers job is teaching maths. His words sound

7、 reasonable.,2,我們愛科學(xué)。 他正在學(xué)英語。 她喜歡音樂。 王平擅長游泳。 湯姆怕蛇。 我們過著幸福的生活。 他想看那部電影。 小英雄停止了呼吸。,We love science. He is learning English. She likes music. Wang Ping is good at swimming. Tom is afraid of snake. We are living a happy life. He wants to see that film. The little hero stopped his breath.,3,我不會游泳。 李平正坐在樹

8、下。 孩子們在操場上玩。 飛機消失在天空中。 近幾年，我國發(fā)生了很大的變化。 馬麗沒回答。 那兒發(fā)生了什么事？ 她一言不發(fā)就走了。,I cant swim. Li Ping is sitting under the tree. The children are playing on the playground. The plane disappeared in the sky. Great changes have taken place in our country recently. Mary didnt answer. What happened there? She left wit

9、hout saying a word.,4,請給我一些面包吃。 你能把橡皮借給我嗎？ 他給富人的孩子上課。 我父親買了本辭典給我。 他給我看他的通行證。 馬麗為我們唱了首歌。 張老師給我們講了個故事。 恩格斯給他寫了封信表揚他。,Please give me some bread to eat. Can you lend me your rubber? He gave lessons to the children of the rich. My father bought me a dictionary. He showed me his pass. Mary sang a song for

10、 us. Mr Zhang told us a story. Engels wrote him a letter to praise him.,5,他叫他兒子擦窗戶。 我們必須把教室掃干凈。 我見他在樹上玩。 我發(fā)現(xiàn)窗碎了。 老板讓他們整日整夜工作。 我認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)外語很重要。 我們把每天讀英語作為常規(guī)。,He asked his son to clean the windows. We must make our classroom clean. I saw him playing in the tree. I found the window broken. The boss had them

11、 working all day and all night. We think it important to learn English. We make it a rule to read English every day.,6,房子前面有棵樹。 鈴響了。 希臘有個偉大的思想家。 碰巧家里沒人。 學(xué)校里有個小小的池塘。 那兒過去有座橋。 教室里好像有個人。,There is/stands a tree in front of the house. There goes the bell. There was/lived a great thinker in Greece. There

12、happened to be no person at home. There is/lies a small pond in the school. There used to be a bridge. There seemed to be somebody in the classroom.,Use the words to form sentences. Change the form of them if necessary. Example: pen, belong to, woman, the, that The pen belongs to that woman. 1. the

13、workers, remove, the broken door The workers are removing the broken door. 2. only a girl, the car accident, survive Only a girl survived the car accident. 3. a fancy castle, the mountain, there is, on There is a fancy castle on the mountain.,III. Practising,4. the sun, no doubt, there is, the earth

14、, that, move around There is no doubt that the earth moves around the sun. 5. the Forbidden City, worth, visit, is, again The Forbidden City is worth visiting again. 6. the police, in search of, the robber, were, yesterday The police were in search of the robber yesterday.,Practising, writing,【寫作內(nèi)容】

15、 你家養(yǎng)了一只寵物狗, 名叫Lily, 經(jīng)常跟爺爺奶奶在一起. 根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容, 寫一篇英語短文. 寵物狗與奶奶關(guān)系很好; 奶奶經(jīng)常遛狗,鍛煉身體; 奶奶的血壓降下來了,很少去看醫(yī)生了; 奶奶不再感到孤獨,笑容也多了. 【寫作要求】 只能使用五個句子表達全部內(nèi)容.,二、并列句,定義：并列句是由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成的句子。并列連詞有and, but, or, so, eitheror, neithernor not onlybut also 結(jié)構(gòu): 簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句 This is mine and that is hers. These shoes are no

16、t cheap but they are very good.,定義: 復(fù)合句(主從復(fù)合句)是有一個主句和一個或者一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子.復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都具有完成的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，可以獨立存在。從句需要有一個連詞引導(dǎo)，是修飾說明主語的，不能獨立存在。根據(jù)在句中不同的作用，從句可以分為三大類：名詞性從句（主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句）定語從句和狀語從句。,二、復(fù)合句,主語從句,主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語?？梢砸龑?dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：that, whether, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, wh

17、atever, whoever That he will succeed is certain. Whether she will go there is not known. What he said is not true. Who broke the window has not been found out. How he escaped is still a mystery.,表語從句是用作表語的句子.一般放在主語的謂語動詞（連系動詞）之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有that, whether, asif, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, w

18、hy, how The question is that he is also short of money. That is what I want to tell you.,表語從句,表語從句,The problem is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not. That is why he was late for school. It looked as if it is going to rain.,賓語從句,賓語從句是用作賓語的句子.除了謂語動詞以外，介詞，不定式，分詞，動名詞后面也可以帶賓語從句。 類型： that 引導(dǎo)的賓

19、語從句 if /whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,賓語從句,I really feel that he needs more practice. The old lady likes saying that she has a good son. I want to know if she still lives here. This depends on whether he is interested in English.,賓語從句,I am not interested in what he is doing. I dont know why he didnt com

20、e. He asked whose handwriting is the best.,同位語從句,同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo),同news, fact, hope, idea, promise, suggestion, 構(gòu)成“The fact that+句子的”結(jié)構(gòu)。 The fact that he won the first prize cant be true. Have you heard the news that Mary will get married soon? The suggestion that the plan should be delayed will be dis

21、cussed tomorrow.,定語從句,定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。定語從句在句中起定語的作用，被定語 修飾的詞為先行詞。 The man who wrote the book is an English professor. I liked read the book that you read last month. She is the not on the train that arrived a few minutes ago.,狀語從句,狀語從句由連詞引導(dǎo)，在句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，只起到連接的作用根據(jù)意義上的不同，狀語從句可分為下列幾種： 時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原

22、因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句等。,時間狀語從句,I was walking when she called me. While mother was cooking, I was watching TV. She had worked in Shanghai before she came here. After he did his homework, he went to bed. I have lived here since I graduated from university.,地點狀語從句,Where there is no rain , farming is difficult. She follows him wherever he goes. Where there is life , there is hope. Sit wherever you like.,條件狀語從句,If I had enough money , I would buy a car. I will go there so long as he invites me. If only he has a chance , h