英語(工程碩士).ppt

1、工程碩士英語考前輔導(dǎo),英語運用能力測試介紹,一、考試目的 英語運用能力測試旨在考察考生所具備的實際英語水平、英語閱讀能力和運用英語能力。通過英語詞匯量、語法、閱讀、理解、日常口語等內(nèi)容的測試，考核考生使用英語的綜合能力。,二、試題結(jié)構(gòu)1題型與題量 （1）語法與詞匯結(jié)構(gòu) 該部分共有10個短句，前5題為詞匯題，后5題為語法題。詞匯與語法部分以國務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會辦公室組織編寫的“在職攻讀碩士學(xué)位全國聯(lián)考”（英語考試大綱）的有關(guān)要求為依據(jù)。該部分考試時間為8分鐘，分值為20分。,（2）閱讀理解 該部分共有4段獨立的短文，每段短文約有150個英語單詞。短文內(nèi)容涉及政治、經(jīng)濟、歷史、地理、文化、科技、人文、

2、時事等。要求考生閱讀每段短文后，回答5個問題。每個問題后有4個答案選項，其中1個選項為正確答案，要求考生選出正確答案。4段短文中，1篇較易，2篇難度適中，1篇較難。該部分考試時間大約為21分鐘，分值為40分。,（3）完型填空 該部分提供一篇200240個單詞的短文，在短文中有10個空白。每個空白有4個填空選項，其中1個為正確答案，要求考生選出正確答案。該部分考試時間大約為8分鐘，分值為20分。,（4）會話技能 該部分有10段英語簡短對話，每段對話是不完整的，在每段對話后有4個答案選項，要求考生從中選出1個最符合情景和習(xí)慣用法的答案，使得整個對話通順完整。該部分考試時間大約為8分鐘，分值為20分

3、。,2試題難易程度 試題由易到難分為3個等級，每套試題中容易、一般和較難的題目比例為3：5：2。 3試題評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)本部分試題滿分為100分，每道題2分?？忌殢拿康李}所列的A、B、C、D四個備選答案中選出一個正確答案，多選、不選或錯選均不得分；所選答案均為A或B、C、D的答卷，一律視為廢卷。,三、命題范圍 1、總體要求 英語使用能力考試命題范圍的水平相當(dāng)于四年制大學(xué)非英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)生應(yīng)達到的水平。著重測試考生運用英語的能力，要求考生熟練掌握4000個以上的英語詞匯和基本語法內(nèi)容。,2、詞匯與語法結(jié)構(gòu)主要測試考生的基礎(chǔ) 詞匯及基本的語法規(guī)則。 3、閱讀理解部分主要測試考生英語的閱讀、理解、分析和判斷

4、能力?？忌枰莆找欢ǖ脑~匯量，并具有一定的閱讀速度和知識背景。4段短文中，其中1段為科普內(nèi)容，1段為有關(guān)中國的報道。,3、完型填空主要測試考生對詞匯和語法的掌握程度，語法內(nèi)容包括冠詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、分詞、不定式、從句、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、倒裝和虛擬等。同時，考生還需要具有一定的閱讀理解能力。詞匯與語法的比例為1：2。 4、會話技能主要測試考生使用英語進行日常會話的能力，這些會話涉及的是生活中的常見情景，測試考生理解會話的情景、把握對話人的角色以及掌握英語口語習(xí)慣用法的能力。,教學(xué)目的,一、了解考試范圍和相關(guān)知識內(nèi)容 二、介紹相關(guān)的學(xué)習(xí)方法 三、介紹相關(guān)答題技巧和技能,第一部分

5、詞匯,第一節(jié) 考項分析 一、考試要求及范圍：5道題 共10分 4分鐘 1、要求：使用詞匯和短語的能力 2、范圍：名詞、動詞、形容詞、 短語、固定搭配 區(qū)分同義詞、近義詞、反義詞 3、單詞記憶方法：閱讀、練習(xí)、聯(lián)想、分類,（一）近形詞題 1.The problem is caused _C_by a lack of money. A. prominently B. profoundly C. primarily D.proportionally 2. I should like to_ _my thanks to you for your kindness. A. extend B. inten

6、d C. pretend D.attend,二、命題方式及答題要領(lǐng),1. prominently 突出地、卓越地 profoundly 深刻地、深奧地 primarily 首先、主要地 、基本地 proportionally 成適當(dāng)比例地、相稱地 2. extend 延伸、表達 extend my thanks to intend 目的、打算 intend to do sth. pretend 假裝 pretend to do sth. attend 注意、用心、照顧、照料、參加 attend to one work，attend on(upon)the patient attend a me

7、eting/lecture,2003年試題 Part one 1. The new currency will get into _B_soon. A.circuit B.circulation C.circular D.circle 2.Shortage of capital is the main factor that_C_economic development. A.holds out B.holds on to C.holds back D.holds on,1.circuit n. 巡回、周游、電路 circulate v. circulation n. 循環(huán)、流通、傳播 cir

8、cle n. circular adj. 圓圈、圓周、循環(huán) 圓形的、弧形的 2. hold out 抵抗、維持 hold out for 繼續(xù)要求、 堅持 hold on 堅定、堅持 hold on to 抓住、不放手、不放棄 hold back 退縮、阻止,（二）近義詞題 1、Though the doctors tried everything they couldnt save him from the deep _ D _wound. A.shot B. punch C. pinch D. stab 2、He applied for Teaching Assistancy to fin

9、ance his education and was _B_the position for his rich experience in teaching. A.qualified B. granted C. presented D. supplied,1. shot 射擊、槍彈 punch 用拳擊打 pinch 捏、擠、夾 stab 刺、扎、戳 qualify 使有資格qualify sb for sth grant 正式給予 present 拿出、呈現(xiàn)、拿給 supply 提供、供給 supply sb. with sth.=supply sth. for sb.,2003年試題 Par

10、t one 3. The captain of the ship _A_the passengers that there was no danger. assured B. ensured C . secured D.insured 4.Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid_D_of city life. rate B. speed C . step D.pace,3. assure 斷然地說、有信心地說 使相信、 使確信 ensure 確定、 使確實、 保證 secure

11、使安全、使可靠 insure 保險、 投保 4. rate 比率、率 birth rate speed 速度 travel at full/top speed step 步、步驟 step by step keep steps with pace 一步的距離、 走或跑的速度 go at a good pace,（三）語境詞題 1. In 400A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that span upwards and fell back to earth as _A_ceased. A. rotation B.suspensio

12、n C. emission D.motivation 2.Mr. Smith said that he did not want to _D_any further responsibilities. A. get on B.look up C. put up D.take on,rotaterotation 旋轉(zhuǎn)、 轉(zhuǎn)動 suspend suspension懸掛、懸而未決 emit emission發(fā)射、散發(fā) motivate motivation 激發(fā)、刺激、動機 2. get on 年事漸高、進步、進展 look up 抬起頭來、查找 put up 穿戴、舉（手） take on 承擔(dān),

13、（四）固定搭配：動介、副 形名 Not all persons arrested and _D with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law. A.sentenced B.accused C.persecuted D.charged sentence 判決、宣判 sentence sb. to He had been sentenced to death. accuse=charge 控告、控訴 accuse sb. of

14、=charge sb.wth He was accused of theft.=He was charged with theft. persecute迫害、困擾 persecute sb. with sth,三、主要詞類及要點,（一）動詞 占大綱詞匯表 1/5 1、認知和辨別能力：兩到三個基本詞義 strike: 打、沖擊、突然傷害、給人以印象 have: 有、吃、開（會）、上（課）,2、動詞用法熟練程度 （1）不規(guī)則動詞的詞形變化 規(guī)則動詞 過去式和過去分詞 +ed work worked worked study studied studied 不規(guī)則動詞：參見P6 have had h

15、ad rise rose risen,（2）動詞詞形相近、詞義不同 P67 compliment vt. 贊美 complement vt.補充 He is comlimented for his fine work. They need to complement the army with new soldiers.,（3）動詞詞義相近、用法不同 arrive vi. (at, in); reach vt. 到達，達成 He arrived at the railway station on time. We arrived at the agreement at last. He arr

16、ived in Beijing yesterday. They reached the village yesterday. insist on; persist in 堅持 He insisted on(persisted in)working on this experiment. consist of ; be composed of 由 組成、構(gòu)成 This class consists of (is composed of) forty students.,（4）動詞后用動名詞 P7 consider He will deny giving us a chance to visit

17、the lab. resume permit,（5）動詞后用不定式 P8 decided She consented to offer her job. refused agreed intended,（6）動詞后用動名詞或不定式 P8 stop ,cease He stopped talking with his classmates. He stopped to talk to the teacher. remember, forget, regret She remembered turning off the light. She always remembers to turn of

18、f the light.,（7）動詞固定搭配P8-9 1）與介詞搭配 bring about 產(chǎn)生、引起 break out 逃出、爆發(fā) 2）與名詞搭配 arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 take into consideration 考慮到 3）與名詞和介詞的搭配 make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 make comments on sth. 評論某事,（二）名詞：詞綴與復(fù)數(shù) 1. A large number of cars_A_parked in front of my house. A. are B. is C. has D.was 2.Th

19、e number of the people living in the island_ C _ doubled in the past five years. A. have B. is C. has D.are,1. a number of many 許多、很多 a large number=a great many 2. the number of 的數(shù)目,（三）形容詞： 1、注意詞形相近的詞 mechanized minimized standardized modernized 2、同義詞和反義詞 3、比較級和最高級P11 4、與of ，to 和with 搭配的形容詞P12,（四）副

20、詞 1、分類：時間 地點 頻度 方式 程度 疑問連接 2、用法：主要作狀語 3、構(gòu)成：形容詞ly,第二部分 基礎(chǔ)語法,第一節(jié) 考項分析 一、考試形式： 與詞匯同在一部分 單選 5道題10分4分鐘,二、語法測試要求,1、名詞、代詞的數(shù)和格的構(gòu)成形式及其用法 2、動詞的基本時態(tài)、語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其用法 3、形容詞的比較級、最高級 4、常用的連詞、冠詞 5、非謂語動詞：不定式、動名詞、分詞 6、虛擬語氣 7、名詞性從句 8、強調(diào)句 9、常用倒裝句,第二節(jié) 名詞 一、綜述：名詞的數(shù)和所有格；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 1、規(guī)則名詞：+s books；sh,ch,s,x,z +es dishes watches c

21、lasses boxes 2、輔音字母加y,變y為i,再加es study-studies 3、f或 fe結(jié)尾，將 f 或fe變?yōu)関es. wolf-wolves , knife-knives chief, cliff, grief 等只加-s. 4、一些專有名詞視為單數(shù) 5、單復(fù)數(shù)相同：deer, sheep,二、 重要考點 （一）常用不可數(shù)名詞P33 （二）其單數(shù)形式：可數(shù)名詞of不可數(shù)名詞 an article of clothing, a piece of information an act of violence a piece of news （三）其復(fù)數(shù)形式：可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)of不

22、可數(shù)名詞 four glasses of water, two pieces of furniture,（四）不可數(shù)名詞的其它單數(shù)形式（作定語） a news story, a raindrop, a homework assignment （五）可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞常用數(shù)量表達法P34 （六）單復(fù)數(shù)名詞的其它表達法： type of, kind of, Mark Twain said that there three kinds of lies:lies,damned lies, and statistics.,（七）數(shù)詞有時用作名詞或形容詞P34 three hundred two tho

23、usand hundreds of thousands of five percent of a five-percent of a seven-year-old boy an eight-foot-long tail,第三節(jié) 代詞重要考點 一、one.the other, one .another 二、both, all _B_ are very clever. A.Both them B. Both of them C.The both boys D.Both of boys,三、whole, all the whole day all day the whole class all th

24、e students 四、none, neither, no one _ C _the girls came on the trip. A.Neither B.Nobody of C.None of D. Not one of 五、each, every,2003年試題 Part one 8.Undoubtedly,_C_wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. A. anyone B.who C.whoever D. everyone,第四節(jié) 形容詞與副詞重要考點

25、一、形容詞作定語 1、前置定語： 若干前置形容詞連用的排列順序 品質(zhì)大小/新舊/年齡/形狀顏色起源材料用途名詞。 a funny, little, red, insect,2、后置定語： 不定代詞: little, nothing, everything, anything Give me something nice to eat. 以a為前綴的形容詞： ablaze, alert, alike 以-able,-ible為后綴的形容詞 sensible,acceptable, He offered a price acceptable to the both.,二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高

26、級 1、等比句句型：as(so)as, no more/lessthan We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have been taken ten years in the past. John doesnt work so hard as Henry. She is no less(more) diligent than her classmates.,2、比較級句型： 兩者（同類項），優(yōu)于或次于 than Facts speak louder than eloquence. The new editi

27、on of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one. His salary as a driver is much higher_. A.than a teacher B.than that of a teacher C.that of a teacher D.than those of a teacher,3、最高級句型：the最高級范圍詞 Jane is the tallest girl in the department . Of all the students, Beth works hardest. 否定詞比較級 沒有比更

28、 There is nothing in the world more potent and more impotent than words. 4、Thethe 越越 The more, the better. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.,5、不用than的比較級 (superior, inferior, senior, junior )to, prefer A to B The songs of Bob Dylan are very popular among young people, who rega

29、rd him a_other musicians. A.as more superior than; B. as more superior to C.as superior to D. as superior than,6、其它表示兩者之間比較和選擇的句型 (It is ) Better to do well than to say well would rather.than, rather than, would soonerthan 寧愿.而不愿 I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the sea

30、side. I prefer to work rather than sit idle. He would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.,He _ C _live in the country than in the city. A. would B.likes to C.would rather D. had better But she would rather stay at home alone than_ C _to Janes gossip. A. to listen B.listeni

31、ng C.listen D. listened 三、any,far,even,much,slightly,a bit,a little,a lot,all the 可修飾比較級 The new method for refining aluminum was_ B _that it became practical for many purposes, one of the first of which was for making pots and pans. A.so more cheaper B.so much cheaper C.so many cheaper D.such much

32、cheaper,四、無比較級和最高級的形容詞 unique, perfect, infinite, matchless, empty, round, square 五、fairly與 rather,第五節(jié) 非謂語動詞作定語和狀語重要考點,一、動詞不定式 1、作定語:邏輯上具有動賓關(guān)系 There is nothing to worry about.,1)后常跟不定式作定語的名詞 time, reason, chance, right,ability, willingness,need, anxiety,wish, plan, Women should have the right to rec

33、eive education. 2) the first, the second, the last, the best等后 He was the last one to blame.,2、作狀語 1）目的 To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. 2）結(jié)果 She left home, never to return again. 3)原因 She burst into laughter to see his funny action.,4)固定搭配做獨立成分 to be honest, to begi

34、n with, to cut a long story short, to get to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth,二、動名詞 1）作定語 None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room. 2) 作狀語:介詞動名詞 He was blamed for having done something wrong.,三、分詞 1、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞：主動 ；正在進行 the exciting news; developi

35、ng country 過去分詞： 被動；已經(jīng)完成 the excited people; developed country 2、現(xiàn)在分詞用法 1）定語 This is a pressing question. The men working here are all from the rural areas.,2)作狀語 時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況 3、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別 the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping the sleeping car(pill)=the car(pill) for sleeping 4、過去分詞

36、用法 1）定語 2）狀語 時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況,2003年試題 Part one 6.The issue _at the conference is very important and it will create a sensation nationwide. A.discussed B.being discussed C.is being discussed D. has been discussed,2003年試題 Part one 10. Millions of Americans flock to their drugstore to buy vitamins a

37、nd minerals,_that these pills can help to prevent serious illnesses. A.convincing B.convinced C.to convince D. to be convinced,第六節(jié) 非謂語動詞作動詞賓語和賓補,一、后跟動名詞作賓語的詞組P58 Mr.Smith gave up smoking according to his doctors advice. 二、busy , worth, worthwhile，etc. 動名詞 Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?

38、三、point, trouble, difficulty (in)+動名詞 There is not much point ( in) thinking about it.,四、Its no use, its not much use, its no good +動名詞 its of no use +不定式 It is no use crying over the spilt milk. It is of no use to cry over the spilt milk. 五、既可跟不定式又可跟動名詞的動詞P59 He prefers writing (to write) an outlin

39、e before he writes a summary.,六、try, mean, remember,forget, regret 不定式和動名詞意義不同 We must try to solve the problem We can try solving this problem in other ways.,七、demand, deserve, need, inquire, want Johns house in the country wants painting(to be painted). The system needs updating(to be updated).,八、

40、go on, stop The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes to assemble the parts according to the drawing. Some students went on working on their experiment when the bell rang.,九、feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch Ill try to have someone repair

41、the recorder for you. Ill try to have the recorder repaired.,十、cannot but, do nothing but, had better , had best, rather than, would ratherthan, would sooner than I have done nothing except do what I should.,十一、discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep,leave,like,need,notice,observe,report, see,smell,s

42、pot,want,watch You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.,十二、see, hear, feel, observe watch, notice I saw him making the experiment.,第七節(jié) 時態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時 as soon as,when,after,if,unless Ill ring you as soon as he comes back. 1. The girl wont have her lunch before she_her homework. A.

43、will finish B.finishes C.had finished D.finished 2.We will go swimming if it _ tomorrow. A.wont rain B.doesnt rain C.isnt raining D.dont rain,二、現(xiàn)在進行時 They are constructing that building. 注意：表示瞬間動作動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時意味 著將來要發(fā)生的動作 come, go, leave He is leaving for shanghai to attend an important meeting.,三、現(xiàn)在完成時

44、up to now,so far,these days,this summer, for We havent seen each other again since we graduated in 1987.,四、一般過去時 Yesterday,last week,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 注意： used to +do 過去常常 I used to climb that big tree when I was a boy. be/get/become used to +doing 習(xí)

45、慣于 He has been(got,become)used to living here.,五、過去進行時 Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkings was telling me his experience as a young man.,六、過去完成時 By the end of the war,the small workshop had become a large factory. By the end of last term, we_twenty lessons. A. have studied B. studied C. had studied D

46、.would have studied,七、一般將來時 Ill take part in an important race across the country.,八、將來進行時 Ill be having an English class this time tomorrow.,九、將來完成時 They will have stayed here for five months next week. By the time she is 50 years old, she _an inmate of the prison for over half her life. A.would ha

47、ve been B.will be C. will have been D. would be,十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時 He has been teaching in this village school for 20 years.,第八節(jié)、語態(tài) 一、無被動語態(tài)的動詞或詞組 happen, rise, occur, befall, become lack, fit, suit, equal , resemble take place, break out consist of , look like The story took place in 1949,二、主動語態(tài)表示被動涵義 wash,

48、write, sell eat, keep, open read, shut This type of recorder sells well,三、后加動名詞表示被動 want, deserve, need repair, stand, take, wont bear with The film is quite worth watching.,第九節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞 一、情態(tài)動詞+have+done The children must have got terrified in last nights earthquake. The explorers might have lost their

49、way. You should have told her the truth earlier.,二、情態(tài)動詞+be+doing He shouldnt be watching TV now. He must be working on the experiment at the moment.,第十節(jié) 虛擬語氣 一、引導(dǎo)非真實條件從句的 連詞if 在 正式文體中有時可以省去，were, had, should等非行為動詞這時應(yīng)提到從句句首。 If I were you, I wouldnt feel sorry. Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not

50、go out. Had you started your work earlier, you would have finished it. Should I live in the twenty-second centry, I would spend my vacation on the moon.,二、without,but for, otherwise,but that But for your help ,they couldnt have succeeded. Without water, there would be no life.,三、在It is +形容詞that 從句的句

51、型中，that 引導(dǎo)的 主語從句中的謂語動詞采用should+動詞原形形式，其中should常省略。 It is necessary(important,imperative必須的，essential必要的，advisable可取的，better,strange,natural, impossible)+that Its necessary that we(should) set out at once.,四、意為“提議、建議、請求、命令”等意思的動詞所帶的從句，謂語部分用（should +)動詞原形。 suggest, propose,recommend,move（提議） demand, d

52、esire, require order, command, insist, arrange I suggest that we (should) go camping tomorrow.,It is (suggested, proposed, recommended, moved（提議） demanded, desired, required, ordered, commanded, insisted, arranged)+that +(should) It was desired that we should send the chemicals to the lab.,suggestio

53、n, proposal, recommendation, motion（提議）demand, desire requirement, order, command,arrangement The managers suggestion is that the secretary learn shorthand.(速記） I second(附議、附和） his motion that we should send a delegation to inspect the factories and mines.,2003年試題 Part one 7.The extensive survey sug

54、gested that their assumptions_totally wrong. A.were B.be C.was D.would be,五、虛擬式可用于wish 后的賓語從句中，表示與事實相反的愿望。其表達形式一般是將謂語動詞提前一個時態(tài)。 I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish I could afford a new car. 六、Its (high,about)time that Its high time( that) he stopped smoking. 七、I would(had)rather Id ra

55、ther you left tomorrow instead of today.,八、as if, as though She looks as if she knew all about it. 九、if only If only he knew our telephone number!,十、lest, for fear that, in case Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children,lest they(should)set them a bad example.,2003年試題 Part o

56、ne 9.If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week, their telephone_out of service at this moment. A.will not be B.will not have been C.would not be D.would not have been,第十一節(jié) 倒裝 一、如果句首的 否定詞修飾主語，是主語的 一部分，則句子不用倒裝。 Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month. Hardly could he speak his native

57、 language.,二、as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句常用倒裝 Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.,三、當(dāng)so,often,only等表示程度或頻率的副詞置于句首時，句子一般倒裝。 Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.,四、當(dāng)there,here,then,now等副詞置于句首，且謂語動詞為come,go,be等詞時，句子一般全部倒裝。 Look! Here comes the taxi. 五、當(dāng)out,in,away,up,bang等詞置于句首時，句子一

58、般全部倒裝。 Away flew the bird.,第十二節(jié) 主謂一致 一、集體名詞作主語時，作為整體時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；作為成員時用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 二、學(xué)科名稱和疾病名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Electronic is a piece of cake to him.,三、表示書名、報名、劇名、國名等的名詞或詞組作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) The New York Times is not available here. 四、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) Various means of transport are introduced in this article.,五、表示時間、距離、度量、價值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you . 六、由with, as well as，together with,along wit