第八章動詞（4）.ppt

1、第八章 動詞和動詞詞組（4）,非限定性動詞,Non-finite Verbs,Infinitive - ing participle - ed participle Dangling participle,不定式,動詞不定式的構(gòu)成與形式 動詞不定式的用法,動詞不定式的構(gòu)成與形式,一、動詞不定式的概念：動詞不定式指由to 加上動詞原形(而且只能是動詞原形)所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動詞，但在有些情況下to可以省略。 動詞不定式在語法功能上可作 主語1) 、賓語2)、表語3)、定語4) 和狀語5),1) education is the principal way of gaining status i

2、n a culture that generally stresses achievement，skillfulness，and upward mobility. A To acquire B AcquireC AcquiresD Have acquired 2) We are planning for the entrance examination for postgraduate. A registeringB registerC to registerD registered,A,C,3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to

3、learn the needed materials for the matriculation of postgraduate. A make our every effortB to make our every effortC to our every effortD made our efforts 4) Where should I send my application? The Personnel Office is the place it to. A sendsB be sendedC to be sendedD to send 5) from others, one sho

4、uld keep his promise. A To get confidenceB To getting confidenceC To get confidencesD Getting to the confidence,B,D,A,二、動詞不定式的構(gòu)成與形式：,6) Some A types of naphtha(石油腦) are employed to dissolving B rubber C and to thin paints and D varnish. 7) The Statue of Liberty was originally A proposed B in 1865 to

5、 commemoration C the alliance D of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution. 8) The purpose A of inductive logic B is to inferring C general laws from particular occurrences D .,B,C,C,動詞不定式的用法,一、 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 1. 不定式前置 1) Derive A mineral resources from B sedimentary rock C is a D

6、 major modern industrial activity. 2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut. A To make high scores B To make low goal C To the high scores D Make the low goals 2. 上述形式一般情況不多見，作為考試的規(guī)范英語，如果不定 式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞“it”作形式主語(形式主 語“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放 到后面。 I

7、t is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.,A,A,3) John admitted that its always difficult . A for him being on timeB being on time for himC for him to be on timeD on time for him 4) It is difficult for me A to be concentrating B while someone C i

8、s using D a vacuum cleaner. 3. 不定式后置的情況不僅限于動詞是系動詞，也適用于 其他動詞。 It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task. It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.,C,B,4. 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯 主語，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通過帶“for 名詞短語”辨出。

9、 It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(總復(fù)習(xí)). It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam. 5. 在某些形容詞(如careless, clever, considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表語時，不定 式前可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。 It is very

10、kind of you to help me. It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing. 6.間或也可用for there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能 是to be)。 Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.,二、 不定式作賓語 1. 動詞帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有： afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, de

11、cline(拒絕), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示 愿意做), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(試圖), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。 5) We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(銀行保管庫) of this nation. A to believeB

12、 to be belivedC belivingD have belived,A,6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site. A in the navigating B the navigation C to navigate D navigation 7) For the A first time Venusian scientists managed landing B a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sen

13、ding C back signals as well as D photographs ever since. 8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned. A afforded B affording C to afford D can afford,C,B,D,2. 動

14、詞疑問代(副)詞不定式 這類動詞常見的有： advise, decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, teach, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。這些 疑問代(副)詞有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如： He does not know how to go there. when to speak before strangers. who

15、(m) to visit. which one to choose. I will show you what to do. where to go. how to deal with it.,9) The director of this organization must know . A to manage money, sell his product and be able to satisfy stockholders B managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholders C how to manage

16、 money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders D money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders 10) To tell you the truth, I really dont know how deal with a man like him. A can I B well C to D much,C,C,3. 有時, 不定式跟作主語時一樣, 可由it來代替， 而把不定式放到后面去。 He makes it a rule to take

17、a walk before breakfast. I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard. We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require. She considers it important to make friends with them. I dont think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.,4. 有時THERE和TO BE連用表

18、示“有”或“存在(某情況)”等。 Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem? I expect there to be no argument about this? 有時在個別的介詞后可用“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)” 作其賓語。 He has his own decision of how to do it.,三、 不定式作表語 1. 一種情況為主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。 To see is to believe. To work means to earn a living. 2. 另一種情況

19、主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish, function等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞 性從句, 不定式表語對主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. The bosss plan is to start building the skyscraper immediately. What I want to say is to get rid of the plan foreve

20、r.,11) The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was providing A large uninterrupted floor areas B and to allow ample light C into the interior D . 12) The most important A thing is negotiate B with them about C the future of D the plant.,A,B,四、 不定式作定語 不定式作定語修飾名詞或代詞，它只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，這時被修飾的名詞與不定式

21、之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 13)Hehasntkepthispromise tohisparents regularly. A to writeB writingC is writtenD writes 14) Billie Holidays reputation as a great jazz such() as to ; enough to; tooto; in order to 等 We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests. Is that room big enough to seat all of us? He is t

22、oo young to fit that job.,3. 表示原因 I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. Im sorry to interrupt you. They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area. 4. 伴隨狀況 在下列表示能力、愿望、傾向等語義的形容詞后邊也要接不定 式：able(但其同義詞“ capable”后面要接“of+動名詞”)， an

23、xious, eager, glad, inclined(傾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。 25) Certain A minerals are magnetic and are able to detected B by instruments that measure C differences in the Earths magnetic fields D .,B,六、 在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指有些動詞帶賓語后再帶上不定 式，作賓語的補(bǔ)足語。前邊已提到過，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中賓 語是不定式的邏輯主語。 有很多這樣的動詞可以跟賓語及其(或

24、)補(bǔ)足語不定 式，如：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get , intend, invite, like, permit, persuade, pretend, remind, say, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn等表示“致使”等意義 26) The company manager may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama(全景) o

25、f possibilities. A to seeB seeC seeingD seen,A,27) Did you intend us the new method? A to useB usingC our having usedD the using of 28) The teacher encouraged good compositions. A us writeB us writingC us to writeD our writing 2. 在某些成語動詞如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count (up)on, depen

26、d (up)on, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for等后面，也可以跟賓語加不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) We are waiting for the bus to come. They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. Dont count on me to do that.,A,C,3. 另外，表示感覺的動詞 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe和使役動詞have, let, make后的賓語可接不帶to的 不定式(help

27、后不定式可帶to也可不帶to) 29) I often heard him that his family was well descended. A saidB sayC to sayD to be said 30) We must have a person them build the house. A seeB to seeC will seeD shall see 31) You would become irritated A if you watched B the correspondence to pile up C on your desk day by day D .,B

28、,A,C,4. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞像consider, declare, find, prove, think, know , believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, pretend, suppose, understand等詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語 不定式一般是to be. 32) Youve been taking a lot of nice photographs. Im considering you a professional photographer. A beingB about beC to beD over be 而且，在co

29、nsider, declare, find, prove, think等動詞后的to be 是可以省去的。如： She considered me (to be) a scholar. They found him (to be) guilty.,C,七、不定式的完成體、進(jìn)行體和完成進(jìn)行體： 如果不定式所表示的動作與主要謂語所表示的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要謂語之后，那么用不定式的一般形式。 He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to m

30、eet him. In 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.,2. 如果不定式所表示的動作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞或特定的 某時間之前，那么不定式就要用其完成體。 33) The Vikings are believed America. A to have discover

31、edB in discoveringC to discoverD to have been discovered 34) The students were to at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute. A assembledB have assembledC assemblingD be assembled 35) He was to the new ambassador, but he fell ill. A having telephonedB have tel

32、ephonedC has telephonedD telephoning,A,B,B,3. 不定式進(jìn)行體表示主要謂語動詞所表示的動作(情況) 發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生。 When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab. Why do you stand here? You are supposed to be working in the workshop. 4. 不定式完成進(jìn)行體表示不定式所代表的動作，在主 要謂語動詞所代表的動作之前一直在進(jìn)行。 The students from the Depar

33、tment of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product. They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.,八、不定式的被動態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，這個不定式要用被動 態(tài)，包括它的一般式和完成體。 36) Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed blown off the mou

34、ntain. Ato have beenBto beCthat it wasDthat it had been 37) For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorcas name or his works . A to mention; to be publishedB to be mentioned; to publishC being mentioned; being publishedD to be mentioned; to be published 38) There is，it seems A ， no B limi

35、t to the satisfaction to be finding C in the pursuit of knowledge D .,A,B,C,九、不定式的否定形式：否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前邊加 not 。 39) that new information to anyone else but the sergeant. A They asked him not to giveB They asked him to dont giveC They asked him no giveD They asked him to no give 40) Please remember li

36、ghts on in the future. A dont leaveB not to leaveC not leavingD dont to leave 41) The teacher told A the students to dont B discuss C the take-home exam with each other D .,A,B,B,十、介詞except和but(作“只有，只能”講時)跟不定式 結(jié)構(gòu),如果介詞butexcept之前有動詞do的某種形式，其 后的不定式通常不帶to，否則要帶to。 He seldom goes back home except to ask

37、for money from his parents. He did nothing there except watch TV for the whole night.(不帶to的不定式) I had no choice but to stay in bed. Last night I did nothing but prepare my lessons. 42) Lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but . A drinkB to drinkC drinkin

38、gD drunk 43) When the streets are full of A melting B snow, you cannot help but getting C your shoes wet D .,A,C,-ing分詞,-ING分詞的形式 -ING分詞的用法,-ING分詞的形式,-ING分詞的用法,一、 作主語 1. 一般形式 _ the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life. A Taking the part ofB Taking part inC To take

39、the part ofD To take the notice in 2) _ a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe. A AsB To beC IsD Being 3) _ by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating. A Eliminate problems B The eliminated problem C Eliminating problemsD Problems are elimin

40、ated,B,D,C,2. 有時可以用it做形式主語 Its waste of time arguing with the gossip about it. Its interesting having traveled to Maldives this year. Its glorious getting involved in working out the plan. 說明： 從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容 詞。但不適用于像possible, important, essential, difficult, necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動詞

41、 不定式。我們不能說 Its quite necessary taking part in the negotiation. 應(yīng)改作 Its quite necessary to take part in the negotiation. 4) It is A possible determining that B French explorers reached the juncture of C the Kansas and Missouri rivers D in the seventeenth century.,B,B,B,二、作表語的-ING分詞 Seeing is believin

42、g. His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice. 三、-ING分詞作動詞賓語 一類是動詞或短語后邊跟賓語的非限定性動詞只能是 -ING分詞，如：acknowledge, admit(坦白，承認(rèn)), advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, contemplate(深思), delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲過，避

43、開), excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味著，等于), mind(在乎), miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒險干), suggest, threaten。 5) By taking the shortcut he escaped _. A to be seenB have been seenC seeingD being seen,D,

44、6) I came late and missed _ Jack winning. A to seeB seeingC seeD seen 7) “I see our boss coming down the hall.” “Then wed better quit _ and get down to business.” A talkingB to talkC from talkingD having talk 8) The young doctor first A practised to use B the needles on C his own D wrist. 9) Some ex

45、perts have advocated to bring A that country into B the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue C that began D after the 1967 Middle East War.,B,A,A,B,A,2. 另一類動詞后邊作賓語的非限定性動詞可以是-ING分詞的動名 詞，也可以是動詞不定式，如：attempt, begin, cant bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget, go on, hate, intend, like, l

46、ove, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。 10) “Whats wrong with Henry?” “He needs _.” A cheer upB to be cheer upC cheering upD to cheered up 11) Any such news would start her _. A to worryB worryingC worryD worried 3.-ING分詞作賓語還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING 分詞

47、短語放到句子的后邊去 I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture. Marry found it marvelous having a journey with him.,C,B,四、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語 1. 動詞介詞 -ING 12) Scientists measure the hardness A of a material B by comparatively C with a table of ten well-known D metals. 13) Her mother did n

48、ot A approve of her to go B to the party without dressing C formally D . 14) Although many womens colleges A have been coeducational B , other universities remain committed to keep C their facilities separate D . 15) We insist on you leave A the place before B any further C disturbances take place D

49、 .,C,B,C,A,2. 名詞/形容詞/不及物動詞介詞to(不要把它視為動 詞不定式的標(biāo)志)： (be) contrary to (與相反),object (objection) to (反 對), with a view to (為起見)，(be) opposed to (反 對)， in contrast to (與成對比),be used to (習(xí)慣于), be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力于),resort to (訴 諸于), as to (關(guān)于), be accustomed to (習(xí)慣于), be devoted to (獻(xiàn)身于), be

50、committed to (委身于), react to (對反應(yīng)), with regard to (關(guān)于), look forward to (期待), contribute to (貢獻(xiàn))，owe to由于，歸功于等 16) I have no objection _ the evening with them. A to spendB to spendingC to have spentD to have to spend,B,17) Why do you object to _ the direction? A followingB followC have followD have

51、 been followed 18) Mr. Brown often wore A a heavy coat B because he was not used to live C in such a D cold climate. 19) Livy was the A only great historian of the time B , and he devoted his attention to give C the world splendid D pictures. 3. 動詞副詞介詞 -ING I look forward to her coming soon.,A,C,C,4

52、. 形容詞(或具有形容詞性質(zhì)的-ED分詞)介詞 -ING I am proud of having such a son. He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President. He is interested in playing table tennis. 5. 表示征詢意見的 “How about?”, “What about?” How about going there? What about having a concert? 20) How about _ to the movies tonight? A going

53、B if goC to goD if we go,A,6. 前面省略了介詞in的-ING習(xí)慣用法。 The two children are busy (in) doing their homework. Mr. Smith has difficulty (in) fulfilling the task. There is no use (in) going over the lessons before the night of exam. He has spent a lot of time (in) preparing the exam for the postgraduate. Xia

54、o Li lost no time (in) catching up with his classmates. There is no point (in) arguing with him.,五、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如 hear, feel, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等詞的賓語可以用 -ING作賓語補(bǔ)語 21) “Where are the children?” “I saw _ in the yard.” A them to playB them playe

55、dC them playingD to them playing 22) I must say I dont like to hear you _ like that. A talkingB to talkC have to talkD talked 23) I noticed a man _out of the bank when I got off the car. A running B to runC have to runD run,C,A,A,2. 表示“致使”等意義的動詞，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set. I am sorry to ha

56、ve kept you waiting for me so long. Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealing somefood intheshop. 六、 -ING結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語 1. 表示時間和伴隨 一般放在句首，有時可放在句中 Coming into the room, I found him sobbing. (=When I came into the room, I found him sobbing.) 在這里coming這一-ING分詞動作發(fā)生時，緊接著(幾乎是 同時)發(fā)生了謂語動作，有“一就”的意思。 Pulling his body

57、 in the car, he drove away. (=After he pulled his body in the car, he drove away.),24) They stood there for half an hour_ the stars in the sky. Ato watchBwatchingChaving watchedDwatched 25) Daniel walked up and down A as he listened, hands behind B his back, now and then C asked D a question.,B,D,2.

58、 表示方式 Being a clever girl, she was sent to college by her father. (此例不可改成：Being a clever girl, her father sent her to college.因為分詞短語的邏輯主語不是“her father ”, 而只能是 “she ”。) 26) _，Tony jumped into the river and saved the drowning man. A Good swimmer as he isB He can swim very wellC Being that he was a goo

59、d swimmerD Being a good swimmer 27) _ the kind of man he was, he did not pay much attention to it at first. A To beB BeingC Having beenD Though to be 28) Was a dancer A and blues singer before B the age of eight C ，F(xiàn)lorence Mills made her D vaudeville debut(輕歌舞首演) in 1910.,D,D,B,A,3. 表示原因 Not having had any letter from Tom, Marry was wor