一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)ppt課件.ppt

1、Unit 3 Grammar,The Past Simple and the Past Perfect （一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)）,1,The Past Simple Tense（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）,一、概念 一般過(guò)去時(shí)是表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。也可以表示在過(guò)去某一階段習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常做的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。 如：The teacher often did some reading in the morning when he was a child. （這個(gè)老師在他是一個(gè)孩子時(shí)經(jīng)?？磿?shū)是再過(guò)去常常，反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作，所以這個(gè)句子要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）,2,二，基本用法 1表示在過(guò)

2、去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。常與這些時(shí)間副詞連用 (1). yesterday或以其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等； (2). 由last+一時(shí)間名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等； (3). 由時(shí)間段+ago構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等； (4). 其它：in 1989, just now, at that moment,at that time, the other day等 如：He

3、 was here just now. 他剛才還在這里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？,3,2在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。常與often，always，usually等頻度副詞 連用。 如Sally often does some reading in the morning. We often played together when we were children. 我們小時(shí)候常在一起玩。 注：表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還可用used to 和would。 如：He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt n

4、ow. 他過(guò)去經(jīng)常抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。,4,3表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的特征或性格。 如：At that time she was very good at English. 那時(shí)她英語(yǔ)學(xué)得很好,4 表示一系列的動(dòng)作，盡管有先后，都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間用and連結(jié)。 如： He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打開(kāi)門，沖了出去，然后就消失了,5. 注意在語(yǔ)境中理解我剛才/原來(lái)還不。 如：Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Its 2566666. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一次你的電話

5、號(hào)碼，好嗎？我剛才沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚。,6.有時(shí)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)也是時(shí)態(tài)一致的需要。 如：I didnt know you were here. 沒(méi)想到你在這里。,5,注意 句型：1.It is time for sb.to do sth 到時(shí)間了 該了. 例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺(jué)了. It is time that sb.did sth.時(shí)間已遲了 早該了 例如：It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了. 2. would （had） rather sb.did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事. 例如：Id rather you

6、came tomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧.,6,三、基本結(jié)構(gòu), 系動(dòng)詞be 的過(guò)去式有兩種形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的過(guò)去式，were 是are的過(guò)去式。, 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成：, walkwalked playplayed,一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ed, loveloved decidedecided,以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞末尾只加d, studystudied carrycarried,結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y ”的動(dòng)詞。先將y 變?yōu)閕，再加ed 。, stopstopped planplanned,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加ed 。,7,The P

7、ast Perfect Tense （過(guò)去完成時(shí)）,一、概念 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已 經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作.它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí) 間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”.,8,二、構(gòu)成 過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成 。 1）We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上個(gè)月末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了30課. 2）He said we hadnt seen each other since I left Beijing.自從我離開(kāi)北京,我們還沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面.,9,二、基本用法 1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定 與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ）

8、 by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2） before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,10,2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的定義來(lái)判定。 1 ）賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如： She said that she had

9、 seen the film before. 2 ）狀語(yǔ)從句中 ， 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 如 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,11,過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不

10、同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in t

11、he composition competition. 3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.,12,exercises,1.This morning I had hardly got to my school when it _to rain. A. had begun B. was beginning C. began D. begins 2.The government announced that twelve highwa