口譯技巧-數(shù)字.ppt

1、口譯技巧之?dāng)?shù)字口譯,Outline,導(dǎo)入練習(xí) 數(shù)字口譯概述 分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 模糊數(shù)字的口譯 特殊倍數(shù)的口譯 趨勢(shì)數(shù)字的口譯 實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練,Reading and interpreting numbers properly Read the following numbers in English 123 一萬(wàn) 100000000 87654321,Interpreting numbers 1 億？ 100 mn, 0.1 bn 150 billion? 15億? E.g. This amount would be enough to service its $ 10 billions debt.

2、,AmE or BrE? 十億 一百億 一千億 一萬(wàn)億（avoid using 兆）,Interpreting Chinese ordinal numbers Challenges : cultural differences cognitive loads E.g.1 這是您第幾次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)？ E.g.2 你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？ E.g.2 令公子排行第幾？,In Chinese we often hear or talk about ordinal numbers. If we interpret in English, we have to change the ways of asking/

3、inquiry. 這是您第幾次來(lái)中國(guó)？Is this your first visit to China? This isnt your first visit to China, is it?How many times have you been in China? 你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？Did your team win the championship?Did you get/win the first place in the competition? 這孩子是（你的）老幾呀？Is this your oldest/youngest child/son/daughter?,數(shù)字口譯,數(shù)字

4、翻譯是口譯中的一大難關(guān)，數(shù)字之所以難譯，其中一個(gè)主要原因在于英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)對(duì)于四位數(shù)以上的數(shù)字的表達(dá)，有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英語(yǔ)數(shù)字以每三位數(shù)為一段位，而漢語(yǔ)則以每四位數(shù)為一段位。,不同的表達(dá)方式 英語(yǔ)分節(jié)號(hào)：thousand, million, billion（十億） 漢語(yǔ)檔位：個(gè)、十、百、千、 萬(wàn)、億,數(shù)字的翻譯,口譯數(shù)字的關(guān)鍵在于記錄 填空計(jì)數(shù),漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：,英語(yǔ)數(shù)字分段法：,Common mistakes in interpreting numbers,multi-digital numbers times approximate numbers Pronouncing numb

5、ers 14% ? 40% ? Tip: 13%-19% common mispronunciations Hearing numbers S/SE Asians 14% = 40% ? U.S. 1000= one thousand? Ten hundred?,2. 數(shù)字的翻譯,一萬(wàn)：10 thousand 十萬(wàn)：100 thousand 百萬(wàn)：million 千萬(wàn)：10 million 億： 100 million 十億：a billion,數(shù)字的翻譯,分節(jié)號(hào)的作用 five thousand 5, thirty-two thousand 32, five million 5, twent

6、y five million 25, one billion 1,用橫向方式表現(xiàn)為： billion million thousand 萬(wàn) 千 百 十 千 百 十 億，億 萬(wàn) 萬(wàn)，萬(wàn) 萬(wàn) 千，百 十 個(gè) 2， 8 6 3， 5 8 9， 4 0 0 漢語(yǔ)讀作： 二十八億六千三百五十八萬(wàn)九千四百 英語(yǔ)讀作： two billion, eight hundred sixty-three million, five hundred eighty-nine thousand and four hundred,實(shí)踐是訓(xùn)練數(shù)字互譯的根本途徑?？谧g教學(xué)要集中一段時(shí)間專門(mén)進(jìn)行數(shù)字口譯訓(xùn)練。譯員只有經(jīng)過(guò)大量反復(fù)

7、的數(shù)字口譯實(shí)踐才能掌握英漢數(shù)字互譯的不同特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，達(dá)到數(shù)字互譯脫口而出，快速、準(zhǔn)確的程度。,Read the following figures in Chinese:,Read the following Chinese figures in English, and write down the figures in Arabic figures: 六萬(wàn) 五十七萬(wàn) 四百七十六萬(wàn) 九百六十一萬(wàn) 五千九百三十三萬(wàn) 七百五十億 十一億七千五百萬(wàn) 三千五百三十八萬(wàn)五千 九億三千六百七十七萬(wàn)七千,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 Fractions,(cardinal no./ordinal no.),六分之一：

8、 二分之一： 四分之一： 四分之三：,one-sixth a/one half a/one quarter three quarters,8%eight percent 15%fifteen percent 42%forty-two percent 4.35%four point three five percent 0.5%point five percent 4.032four point naught three two 71.006seventy-one point naught naught six,1/2one half; a half 1/3one third 1/4a quar

9、ter 3/5three-fifths 7/8seven-eighths 1/10one-tenth 1/100one-hundredth；one percent 1/1000one-thousandth 14/1000fourteen-thousandths 1/10000one-ten thousandths 2-1/2two and a half 4-2/3four and two-thirds,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯,五分之二： 十分之七： 千分之三：,two-fifths seven-tenths three-thousandths,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯 Fractions,六十分之九十七：

10、七十五分之三十四：,ninety-seven over sixty-three thirty-four over seventy-five,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯,六又七分之四： 六又二分之一： 九又四分之三：,six and four-sevenths six and a half nine and three quarters,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯,0.7: 0.546: 0.009%:,point seven; zero point seven point five four six zero point o o nine percent,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯,9.007： 87.36%:,nine

11、point 0 0 seven； nine point zero zero seven eighty-seven point three six percent,分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的口譯,0.8 萬(wàn) ： 0.7億： 0.93億： 56.08萬(wàn)：,8，000；eight thousand 70,000,000; seventy million 93,000,000; ninety-three million 560,800; five hundred and sixty thousand eight hundred,Examples,1. 中國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力有7億4千萬(wàn)，而歐美所有發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)力只有4億3千

12、萬(wàn)。中國(guó)每年新增勞動(dòng)力1000萬(wàn)，下崗和失業(yè)人口大約1400萬(wàn)，進(jìn)城的農(nóng)民工一般保持在1億2000萬(wàn)。中國(guó)面臨巨大的就業(yè)壓力，中國(guó)13億人口有9億農(nóng)民，目前沒(méi)有擺脫貧困的有3000萬(wàn)左右，這是按每年人均收入625元的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算的。,1. The population of this city in 2004 was 78,872,890. The natural reserve takes up an area of 123,880,000 square kilometers. The coastal line of this country is 7,723,605 meters. The n

13、umber of college graduates will climb to a record high of 3,28 million this summer, an increase of 540,000, or 34%, over the year 2000. Australia, with its landmass of 7,686,850 square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, has a population of 18,742,000.,2. ten years ago, China had 1075 full time i

14、nstitutions of higher learning with 88,100 graduates and 1,320,000 undergraduates. So far, in tertiary institutions there are 1,700 research institutes of natural science. 3. shanghai generated 144.77billion yuan in total tax, Corporate income tax rose by 16.6 percent to 88.17billion yuan and indivi

15、dual income tax was 13.41 billion yuan, up 41percent. 4. Chinas foreign reserves, the worlds second largest after Japan, has increased by 48.4 percent to US$ 383.9 billion from the previous year. 5. Shanghai Volkswagen, Chinas largest automaker, is planning to invest a minimum of US$120million on ne

16、w product development in each of the next five years with an aim to double it annual sales to 600,000 units. It achieved combined sales of 400,000 units last year, a 32 percent increase from a year earlier.,模糊數(shù)字的口譯 口譯中經(jīng)常遇到一些模糊數(shù)字，如“幾個(gè)”、“十幾個(gè)”、“幾十個(gè)”、“成百上千個(gè)”等等。模糊數(shù)字的口譯雖也有一定的規(guī)律，但主要靠平時(shí)熟記，用時(shí)才能熟練自如，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。注意以下

17、模糊數(shù)字的口譯,幾個(gè) 十幾個(gè) 幾十個(gè) 幾十年 七十好幾了 好幾百個(gè) 成千上萬(wàn)/千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn) 幾十萬(wàn),some; a few;/several; a number of more than 10; no more than twenty dozens of Decades well over seventy hundreds of thousands of hundreds of thousands of,Note the following ways of uncertain numbers 七十好幾了well over seventy 二十剛出頭in her/his early twenties

18、 三十大幾了（快四十了）in her/his late thirties 千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)thousands and thousands of 好幾百個(gè)hundreds of 成千上萬(wàn)thousands upon thousand of 幾十萬(wàn)hundreds of thousands of 數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的millions of 億萬(wàn)(人)hundreds of millions of 十年a decade 二十年a score/four score and seven years ago 三十年(25-30)a generation 五十年half a century 一百年的centennial 一

19、百年/世紀(jì)Century,特殊倍數(shù)的表達(dá),到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番,達(dá)到40,000億美元左右 Quadruple By 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 trillion. 今年的糧食產(chǎn)量比去年增長(zhǎng)2成. 20% The output of grain this year increased by 20% over the last year.,Useful verbs,位居世界第二 Is ranked the second/ 中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量位居世界第六，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額居世

20、界第四。 Chinas economy is ranked the 6th in the world and its foreign trade is ranked the 4th. China is the worlds sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. 上漲，增長(zhǎng) To rise, to increase, to climb, to go up, to jump, to soar A sharp/considerable/slight increase/ rise 下降，減少 To fall, to drop, to

21、decline, to decrease, to reduce，to go down A sharp/slight drop/decline,Total 總計(jì) 去年收入總計(jì)人民幣150億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)20% The revenue of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the previous year.,Short expressions,今年為, 比上年上漲了 , a % increase over the previous/last year , up %. , tons more than last year.

22、全年產(chǎn)量 The annual output of 年均進(jìn)口增速達(dá)到20% The import grows at an annual rate of 20%.,國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)較快增長(zhǎng)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值超過(guò)30萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9%；物價(jià)總水平漲幅得到控制；財(cái)政收入6.13萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)19.5%；糧食連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)，總產(chǎn)量10570億斤，創(chuàng)歷史最高水平。,The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over t

23、he previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.,1. the annual added value of industry is RMB 6.2815 trillion yuan, an increase of

24、 11.5% over last year. 2. the annual output of grain is 469,470,000 tons, 38,770,000tons more than last year and an increase of 9.1%. 3. the annual total volume of import and export is USD 1.1548 trillion, an increase of 35.7% over last year. 4. the annual volume of contracted foreign capital is USD

25、 153.5 billion, an increase of 33.4%, and actually utilized foreign capital is USD 60.6 billion, an increase of 13.3%. 5. the annual number of inbound tourists is 109,040,000, and the income from foreign currency is USD 25.7 billion, an increase of 47.9%.,增/減倍數(shù)的口譯 英漢倍數(shù)的表達(dá)有相似之處，也有不同。英漢互譯時(shí)要特別注意不同的英語(yǔ)句型

26、和表達(dá)方法所表示的倍數(shù)概念與漢語(yǔ)不同。英語(yǔ)用times 表示倍數(shù)。無(wú)論在何種句型中都表示乘的關(guān)系，即包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)。請(qǐng)注意以下表示倍數(shù)的英語(yǔ)句型及其含義： A is N times larger（longer，heavier）than B. A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times. A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B. 這三句英語(yǔ)的含義都是“A的大小(長(zhǎng)度、重量)是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（長(zhǎng)、重）N-1倍”。,根據(jù)以上規(guī)律，請(qǐng)看下面英語(yǔ)句子的漢譯： (1) The earth is 49 time

27、s the size of the moon. 地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍) (2) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly quintupled, While the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold. 自本世紀(jì)中葉以來(lái)，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了將近四倍，人口翻了一番。結(jié)果，糧食的需求增加了近兩倍，石油燃料增加了近

28、三倍。 (3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world. 30年內(nèi)，全世界的城市居民將是農(nóng)村人口的兩倍。 (4) Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-125 times its area-to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its

29、pollution. 雖然倫敦占地不到40萬(wàn)英畝，卻需要近5000萬(wàn)英畝的土地125倍于它本身的面積來(lái)供給它食品，原木和其他資源，并吸收它產(chǎn)生的污染物。,漢語(yǔ)倍數(shù)的表示法歸納起來(lái)有兩類： 第一類表示是(原數(shù)的)幾倍，幾倍于(原數(shù))或增加到(原數(shù)的)幾倍。 第二類表示(比原數(shù))大幾倍或(比原數(shù))增加了幾倍；這兩類說(shuō)法含義不同。 第一類表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，與英語(yǔ)倍數(shù)表示法的含義相同。 第二類表示凈增倍數(shù)。 因此，漢語(yǔ)倍數(shù)的英譯首先要區(qū)分不同含義，選用恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫?，靈活準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)。如果用能N times/表示英語(yǔ)的包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，那么漢語(yǔ)的第二類表示“增加了幾倍”的英譯就要用 (N+1) ti

30、mes 來(lái)表示。,例如： 去年這個(gè)公司手機(jī)的銷量增長(zhǎng)了近一倍（為原來(lái)的兩倍）。 The sales volume of portable phones of this company increased nearly twice last year. The sales volume of portable phones of this company nearly doubled last year.,漢語(yǔ)增加倍數(shù)的說(shuō)法很多，英譯時(shí)，首先要仔細(xì)區(qū)分是包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的增加倍數(shù)還是凈增倍數(shù)，然后決定用N times 還是（N+1）times 來(lái)表達(dá)。,(1) 過(guò)去20年中，中國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)了

31、近五倍。 In the past 20 years, Chinas gross domestic product increased nearly six times. (2) 1978年至1997年，中國(guó)人均生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)了3.4倍。 Chinas per capita GDP went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997. (3) 中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米，增加1.4倍。 The per capita living space for urban residents in China expand

32、ed from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times. (4) 1949年至1998年, 中國(guó)的糧食總產(chǎn)量由1.1億噸增加到5.1億噸, 增長(zhǎng)3.5倍, 年平均增長(zhǎng)3.1%, 是人口增長(zhǎng)率的2.5倍。 Chinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an avera

33、ge annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth. (5) 1997年, 全國(guó)高等學(xué)校在校生總數(shù)為608萬(wàn)人, 其中研究生18萬(wàn)人, 分別是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。 In 1997，6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,000 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectiv

34、ely.,由于漢語(yǔ)很少用“減少了若干倍”的說(shuō)法，而多用“減少了百分之幾”或“減少了幾成”的說(shuō)法，因此，減少多用百分?jǐn)?shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)表示。,(1) 由于水災(zāi)，去年的收成減少了三成。 Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent. (2) 該公司的員工裁減了近三分之一，開(kāi)支減少了四分之一。 The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth. (3) 1998年，政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)。國(guó)

35、務(wù)院下設(shè)部門(mén)從40個(gè)減少到29個(gè)，人員減少了近一半。 In 1998，the targets of restructuring governmental institutions were met. Departments under the State Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.,增/減百分比的口譯 “增/減了百分之幾”英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的含義一致，都表示凈增或凈減百分?jǐn)?shù)。英漢增/減百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法有以下幾種： 1) 增/減了% increase/rise/grow% decreas

36、e/drop/fall/sink % 或者 increase/rise/grow/go up by % decrease/drop/fall/go down by %,(1) Between 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok. 與“銳步”鞋業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果，從1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的銷售額下降了18%，利潤(rùn)下降了40%多。 (2) By putting out more

37、than one new shoe style everyday on average, in 1995 and 1996, Nikes sales and profits grew 71 percent and 80 percent respectively；meanwhile, Nikes closest rival Reebok grew just nine percent in the same period. 靠平均每天推出一個(gè)以上新（鞋）款式，1995到1996，耐克的銷售額和利潤(rùn)分別上漲了71%和80%。而同期最接近耐克的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手銳步只上漲了9%。 (3) Procter to

38、increase增加, to rise提高, to climb爬升, to jump上升, to grow增長(zhǎng), to reach升至, to go up上升。 表示下降趨勢(shì)：a fall下降, a drop跌落, a decline下跌, a decrease減少; to fall下降, to drop跌落, to decline下跌, a decrease減少, to go down下降, to bottom out降至最低點(diǎn), to slow down減速, to decelerate減速。 表示穩(wěn)定：to remain (stable)保持，不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; to stand at不

39、變，穩(wěn)定，維持; to level out (off)平衡，穩(wěn)定。,漢語(yǔ)： “增加N元”，“增加N” 英譯：a N yuan increasea N percent increase 英語(yǔ)：a N-fold increase/increase N-fold/N times 表示含義是增加到N倍，不是凈增加數(shù)，其漢語(yǔ)含義凈增數(shù)應(yīng)為N1倍。 例證：During the critical year of 1917 Party membership rose tenfold from 20,000 to 200,000. 在關(guān)鍵性的1917年，黨員人數(shù)從二萬(wàn)增加到二十萬(wàn)，即增加了九倍。,英語(yǔ)：“倍數(shù)強(qiáng)

40、比較級(jí)”或“倍數(shù)over”的句型 漢譯：A比B多N1倍或A為B的N倍 英語(yǔ)N times 和N-fold用于增減和強(qiáng)弱有多種說(shuō)法，用于增加和強(qiáng)比較的是基數(shù)乘以N，意為“增加到N倍”、“為比較對(duì)象的N倍（如five times greater，即基數(shù)5）；用于減少或弱比較是“減少到”、“為比較對(duì)象的”（如seven times smaller即基數(shù)7，“縮小到七分之一”）。,實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練,2000年第五次全國(guó)人口普查主要數(shù)據(jù) 國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局今天公布了2000年第五次全國(guó)人口普查結(jié)果：,一、總?cè)丝?全國(guó)總?cè)丝跒?29533萬(wàn)人。其中： 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市（不包括福建省的金門(mén)、馬祖等島嶼，下同

41、）和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口共126583萬(wàn)人。 香港特別行政區(qū)人口為678萬(wàn)人。 澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)人口為44萬(wàn)人。 臺(tái)灣省和福建省的金門(mén)、馬祖等島嶼人口為2228萬(wàn)人。,二、人口增長(zhǎng) 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口，同第四次全國(guó)人口普查1990年7月1日0時(shí)的113368萬(wàn)人相比，十年零四個(gè)月共增加了13215萬(wàn)人，增長(zhǎng)11.66%。平均每年增加1279萬(wàn)人，年平均增長(zhǎng)率為1.07%。 三、家庭戶人口 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市共有家庭戶34837萬(wàn)戶， 家庭人口為119839萬(wàn)人，平均每個(gè)家庭戶的人口為3.44人，比1990年第四次全國(guó)人口普查的3.96人減少了0.52人。 四

42、、總?cè)丝谛詣e構(gòu)成 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，男性為65355萬(wàn)人， 占總?cè)丝诘?1.63%；女性為61228萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝诘?8. 37% 。 性別比（以女性為100，男性對(duì)女性的比例）為10674。,五、年齡構(gòu)成 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，-14 歲的人口為28979萬(wàn)人。占總?cè)丝诘?2.89%；15-64 歲的人口為88793 萬(wàn)人， 占總?cè)丝诘?0.15%；65歲及以上的人口為8811萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝诘?.96%。同1990年第四次全國(guó)人口普查相比，-14歲人口的比重下降了4.80個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，歲及以上人口的比重上升了.39個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。 六、民

43、族構(gòu)成 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，漢族人口為115940萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝诘?1.59%；少數(shù)民族人口為1064萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝诘?.41%。同1990年第四次全國(guó)人口普查相比，漢族人口增加了11692萬(wàn)人，增長(zhǎng)了11.22%；各少數(shù)民族人口增加了1523萬(wàn)人，增長(zhǎng)了16.70%。,七、各種受教育程度人口 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，接受大學(xué)（指大專以上）教育的4571萬(wàn)人；接受高中（含中專）教育的14109萬(wàn)人；接受初中教育的42989萬(wàn)人；接受小學(xué)教育的45191萬(wàn)人（以上各種受教育程度的人包括各類學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生、肄業(yè)生和在校生）。 同1990年第

44、四次全國(guó)人口普查相比，每10萬(wàn)人中擁有各種受教育程度的人數(shù)有如下變化：具有大學(xué)程度的由1422人上升為 3611 人；具有高中程度的由8039 人上升為11146人；具有初中程度的由 23344 人上升為33961人；具有小學(xué)程度的 37057人下降為 35701人。 祖國(guó)大陸31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，文盲人口（ 15 歲及15歲以上不識(shí)字或識(shí)字很少的人）為 8507 萬(wàn)人，同1990年第四次全國(guó)人口普查相比，文盲率由15.88%下降為 6.72% ，下降了9.16個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。,八、城鄉(xiāng)人口 祖國(guó)大陸 31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人口中，居住在城鎮(zhèn)的人口 45594萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝?/p>

45、的 36.09% ；居住在鄉(xiāng)村的人口80739 萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)丝诘?3.91%。同 1990 年第四次全國(guó)人口普查相比，城鎮(zhèn)人口占總?cè)丝诘谋戎厣仙?.86個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。,1) Two significant points: as indicated earlier, it is risky trying to do a long series of figure in interpreting without jotting them down in a feasible way. To ensure accuracy it is always helpful and reassuring to

46、speedily jot them down as they are being uttered (or read) by the original speakers.,Some Practical Hints to Remember,2)In the case of C-E and E-C interpretation, figures do require a sufficient amount of training. By figures we mean, in a larger sense, not only a long series of figures combined wit

47、h various units of measurements but also a long string of document symbols and long series of proper names (of persons/places).,(1) To lay emphasis on the speedy and accurate rendering of figures involving “萬(wàn)” and “億” as a first step. (2) To practice the rapid reading of 5-digit numbers, 8-digit num

48、bers and, then, 10-digit numbers, etc. in both Chinese and English, and then combine them with various “units of measurement” until accuracy and fluency are achieved.,3)Some possible signs used: Here two possible sets of signs or symbols are introduced.,(1) Using comma (,) each representing one grou

49、p of 3 naught, e.g.“forty thousand”, represented by “40,” means “四萬(wàn)”;“six hundred thousand”, represented by “600,” means “六十萬(wàn)”“seven million”, represented by “7,” means “七百萬(wàn)”“thirty million”, represented by “30,” means “三千萬(wàn)” (2) Imitating the system used in Roman numerals with each horizontal line d

50、rawn above the numerals representing one group of three naught. e.g. 59,000 noted as ; 435,000,000 ,ii. If a number is bigger than a million, the easiest way is to use a point after the number of million. For instance, 396萬(wàn), can be put in this way, 3.96 million. Apply the same way to the following n

51、umbers:3,956萬(wàn)39.65million3億9,650萬(wàn)396.5million;If the number is bigger than a billion, adopt the same way to do it. e.g. 129億12.9billion,數(shù)字口譯補(bǔ)充材料,先練習(xí)“大整數(shù)”換算對(duì)譯，再練各個(gè)數(shù)級(jí)換算，最后練習(xí)（million, billion對(duì)譯漢語(yǔ)的一百萬(wàn)、十億）繁雜零瑣的數(shù)字； 盡量利用筆記，提倡在聽(tīng)辨源語(yǔ)數(shù)字同時(shí)立即譯成譯語(yǔ)（邊聽(tīng)、邊記、邊譯）用B或b記錄“十億”，用M或m記錄“百萬(wàn)”，如： two billion thirty-four million

52、2 B 34 M十二億四千萬(wàn) 1 B 240 M,點(diǎn)線法,中譯外時(shí)，應(yīng)在聽(tīng)到“億”時(shí)即斜向劃一長(zhǎng)線/，聽(tīng)到“萬(wàn)”時(shí)再劃同樣的斜長(zhǎng)線/，剩下的數(shù)字則仍用“符號(hào)結(jié)合阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字”的通用方式完成，即三個(gè)零為，兩個(gè)零為，或者一律記阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，但不一定立即譯成相應(yīng)的譯語(yǔ)數(shù)字。例1：一億三千零二萬(wàn)零八百五十八 1/3002/0858例2：一百零一億七千四百八十九萬(wàn)五百四十 101/7489/0540,口譯時(shí)，從右向左，逆著原記錄順序每三位打一個(gè)逗號(hào)（分節(jié)號(hào)），便可將這些數(shù)字切分成印歐語(yǔ)系諸語(yǔ)言的進(jìn)位單位了。用此方法，需要牢記分節(jié)號(hào)左位數(shù)的單位。從右向左：第一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“千”位，第二個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“百萬(wàn)”位，第三個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)左位是“十億”位。例1：1/30,02/0,858 130M 20Th 8Hu &58例2：10,1/74,89/0,540 10B 174M 890Th 5Hu &40,此形式譯成外語(yǔ)很方便，“回譯”成漢語(yǔ)也沒(méi)太大困難。 外譯漢（如英文）時(shí)，譯員應(yīng)在聽(tīng)到billion、million、thousand等位時(shí)，便立即打上一處逗號(hào)。 例： thirty two billion four hundred fifty seven million eight hundred twenty six thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven 32,45