英國(guó)課件（British Foreign Relatios ）.ppt

1、British Foreign Relations,I. Britain Then and Now,When the Second World War ended, Britain was the largest military power in Western Europe. Its power and prestige ensured it would have a big influence on the postwar international order. In recognition of its continuing importance to world politics,

2、 it,was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council, along with the other recognized “great powers” of the Soviet Union, the United States, China and France. But the age of imperialism was over. decolonization (1946, Jordan; India and Pakistan; 1948, Burma and Ceylon; and so on) . Today it is a medium

3、-sized European country with a population just slightly larger than that of Anhui province.,Britain no longer rules a vast overseas empire, but participates as an equal member in the EU. It lacks the all-powerful navy of its imperial past, but it does have an independent nuclear deterrent and techno

4、logically advanced armed forces. The British economy ranks about sixth in the world in terms of size, and, as a banking center, it retains considerable influence on the international economy.,II. The Foundations of British Foreign Policy,The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influence

5、d by its imperial history( the most important single factor) and also by its geopolitical traits. As Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon the way Britain hand

6、les its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.,III. The Making of Britains Foreign Policy,The general direction of Britains foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the main government department, plays a significant r

7、ole in the making of Britains foreign policy. Many other government ministries such as the Ministry of Defense also,play a part in formulating and carrying out the governments decisions. But an extremely influential player in Britains foreign policy is the Treasury. The Treasury makes decisions on h

8、ow much money other departments can have each year.,IV. Britain and International Institutions,1. Britain is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. It is also the sixth largest contributor to the UNs budget. 2. It is an important member in the EU. Britain joined th

9、e European Economic Community in 1973 which is now called the EU.,Britains participation in the EU remains controversial. At the center of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become. The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade betwee

10、n countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area. Britain likes to regard the EU as a place,where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible. But Britain has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sover

11、eignty to a European government.,3. Britain participates in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, more commonly known as NATO ( the USA and Canada are also members). 4. Britain is also a member of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonie

12、s. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth.,V. Britain and the USA,The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States. During World War II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years, because they had many th

13、ings in common about the past and the world situation. Even,today, British and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many respects. However, Britains “special relationship” with the USA has gone through ups and downs. The British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy act

14、ions cam be limited by the United States. But both sides have worked hard to maintain the “special relations”.,VI. British Security and Defence Policy,Britain is the third largest spender on defence in the world and is ranked fifth or sixth in terms of its military power. Britain retains an independ

15、ent nuclear weapons capability. All of the permanent UN Security Council members have independent nuclear weapons capabilities.,I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).,1. When the World War II ended, Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Europe. 2.

16、 The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition of its contribution in setting up the United Nations. 3. According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.,4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general directi

17、on on Britains foreign policy. 5. The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FOC). 6. Britain is a parliamentary monarch. 7. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth.,8. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military

18、bases in the UK. 9. Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy.,II. Choose the answer that best complete the statement or answers the questions.,1. The author holds that Britain had a big influence on the postwar international order bec

19、ause A. it used to be a great imperial power B. it had a strong military power and prestige.,C. it defeated Hilters army D. it got support from its former colonies. 2. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? A. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain B. The United St

20、ates, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.,C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States. D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan. 3. How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime? A. a fourth of the globe. B. a fifth of the globe. C. a third of the globe. D.

21、two-thirds of the globe,4. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception? A. Its imperial history. B. Its geopolitical traits. C. Its special relationship with the United States. D. Its schizophrenic attitude to Europe.,5. Which o

22、f the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? A. The Queen of Britain B. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office C. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet. D. The Ministry of Defence and the Treasury.,6. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in_.

23、A. the Commonwealth B. the European Economic Community C. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc. D. a European federal government,7. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Britain hosts a large American military force. B. 63 American military bases are under the command of Britain. C. There are 63 American military bases in Britain. D. Britain is an outpost of an American-dominated military bloc.,8. Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities? A. Bri