(動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)).ppt

1、Unit 2 Grammar The Passive Infinitive (動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)),Teaching Aim: 比較動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)態(tài)與被動(dòng)態(tài)用法上的相同與不同之處, 從而更進(jìn)一步掌握好動(dòng)詞不定式.,完成式,進(jìn)行式,一般式,被動(dòng)語態(tài),主動(dòng)語態(tài),不定式,-,-,完成進(jìn)行式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,Step 1 Revision,Do you remember the following form?,他們假裝沒看到我們.,(1).They preten

2、ded,(2). He pretended,(3).She pretended,(4).She is said to,他假裝在睡覺.,她假裝之前已經(jīng)知道這件事.,據(jù)說她研究這問題有好多年了.,Please translate:,一般式,進(jìn)行式,完成式,完成進(jìn)行式,not to see us.,to be sleeping.,to have known it before.,have been working on,the problem for many years.,一般式表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作（幾乎）同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后.,完成式表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前.,Step

3、 2 Please compare:,一般被動(dòng)式表示不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的_, 又表示其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作_或在_發(fā)生.,完成被動(dòng)式表示不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的_, 又表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之_.,承受者,同時(shí)發(fā)生,其后,承受者,前,小結(jié):當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。,特點(diǎn):,特點(diǎn):,特點(diǎn):,特點(diǎn):,Step 3. 語法功能,To see is to believe. To be obeyed was natural to her.,主語,My job is to

4、 help the patient. Her dream is to be sent to study abroad.,表語,根據(jù)已學(xué)知識(shí), 觀察判斷以下有下劃線的不定式在句子中所起的作用, 注意主動(dòng)態(tài)與被動(dòng)態(tài)的差異:,(1).,(2).,The workers demanded to get better pay. I should like to have been told the result earlier,賓語,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. The captain ordered the flag to be hoiste

5、d(升起).,賓語補(bǔ)足語,(3).,(4).,I have something to say. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.,定語,I came here to see you. He has returned only to be sent away again.,狀語,(5).,(6).,Step 4 Attention! 以下主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義:,在need，want，require等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。,The house needs re

6、pairing. = The house needs to be repaired,形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。,The picture-book is well worth reading =The picture-book is very worthy to be read,1,2,不定式在名詞后面作定語, 不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí), 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義.,He has a lot of homework to do. I have something

7、to do this afternoon.,試比較： Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。),3.,在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。,This problem is dif

8、ficult to work out . （可看作to work out省略了for me）.,4.,在tooto, enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式可用主動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義, 但常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義, 因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)不定式前面可加邏輯主語。,This book is too expensive to be bought. This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.,The house is big enough to be lived in. The house is big enough (for us) to live in.,5.,在t

9、here be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人; 用被動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。,There is no time to lose. (用to lose可看成for us to lose) There is no time to be lost(用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確),由于古英語的影響,下列動(dòng)詞 rent, blame, let(出租)等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。,Who is to blame for starting the fire? The flat is to rent/let.,6.,7.,1. Havin

10、g a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,2. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海1996） A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuad

11、ed D. be persuaded,3. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002） A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame,B,C,A,Step 5 Exercises,4. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 5. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A