英語(yǔ)聽力應(yīng)試指南.ppt

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽力專題,2009.5.20.,一、聽力應(yīng)試技巧 二、短對(duì)話 三、長(zhǎng)對(duì)話 四、短文 五、復(fù)合式聽寫 六、聽力考前四周備考 七、聽力考試注意事項(xiàng),聽力應(yīng)試技巧,這些臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)試技巧概括起來有以下六種 1.勿焦勿躁穩(wěn)定情緒 2.仔細(xì)審題先人為主。 3.專心傾聽筆錄關(guān)鍵詞 4.適時(shí)放棄“ 丟卒保車” 在聽錄音材料時(shí), 應(yīng)試者不要不切實(shí)際地希望自己能夠順利聽懂所有的內(nèi)容, 期望得滿分。碰到一些生詞或者某些單詞的發(fā)音模糊不清等情況, 應(yīng)放棄暫時(shí)聽不懂的單詞繼續(xù)耐心聽其他的內(nèi)容, 力求理解中心大意, 抓住主要論點(diǎn)或情節(jié), 將自己的注意力放在這些關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容所在地。 5.利用常識(shí)合理推測(cè) 6.冷靜分析

2、“ 點(diǎn)”“ 面”結(jié)合 ”面” 是指所聽材料的大意, “ 點(diǎn)”是指其詳細(xì)清況或細(xì)節(jié)。應(yīng)試者在聽錄音時(shí), 首先要從整體上把握播放內(nèi)容的大意。每個(gè)段落的開頭和結(jié)尾都應(yīng)引起考生注意, 因?yàn)樽髡邥?huì)在這些地方給出本段落的主題句。,短對(duì)話,這部分包括8 個(gè)短對(duì)話，通常是一男一女各讀一句, 然后提出一個(gè)問題; 可歸納為以下七種類型: 一、數(shù)字型(numbers) : 主要包括詢問時(shí)間、日期、價(jià)格、電話號(hào)碼、街道號(hào)碼、房間號(hào)碼以及人與物的數(shù)量等。 1）詢問時(shí)間有以下幾種問法: 1. What time is it now ? 2. Whats the time by your watch ? 3. What d

3、oes your watch say ? 4. What time do you have ? 5. Can you please tell me the time ? 問活動(dòng)發(fā)生的時(shí)間或具體幾點(diǎn)。該類的題一般不會(huì)直接告訴我們時(shí)間，會(huì)涉及到時(shí)間的一些簡(jiǎn)單的加減運(yùn)算。要注意一些關(guān)鍵詞，如：a quarter (to/past), half (past), daily, weekly, fortnight等。 W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today? M: No. I have a class until one oclock,

4、 and after that Im going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home. Q: When is Bob going home this afternoon? A. Around 5:00.B. Around 3:00.C. At 2:00.D. At 1:00. 本題的關(guān)鍵是until one oclock，和to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。,2）詢問價(jià)格有以下幾種問法: 1. How much does th

5、e shirt cost ? 2. How much is the shirt ? 3. What is the regular price ? 4. Whats the rate ? 該類的題也涉及到一些簡(jiǎn)單的加減乘除運(yùn)算。要注意一些關(guān)鍵詞，如：10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple, pair, dozen, a real bargain, on sale，change等。 尤其要注意單件商品的價(jià)格，買多件商品是否優(yōu)惠，找零，以及最后的問題是說話人要付的錢、單件商品的價(jià)格、還是買若干商品需要付的錢。如： W: Heres a te

6、n-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, please. M: Sure. Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. $ 8.60.B. $ 4.30C. $ 6.40. D. $ 1.40 本題的關(guān)鍵是ten-dollar bill, two tickets, a dollar forty cents change.,二、職業(yè)型(occupations or professions) : 詢問人

7、的職業(yè)通常有以下幾種類型: 1. Who is the man/ woman ? 2. What is the man/ woman ? 3. What is the mans occupation/ profession ? 4. What does the man do for living ? 人的職業(yè)有很多種, 但考試中常出現(xiàn): teacher/ professor 、student 、librarian、doctor/ dentist/ nurse 、patient 、salesman/ shop assistant 、waiter 、customer 、driver 、secret

8、ary、manager 、writer 、reporter 等, 做這類題關(guān)鍵在于找出能體現(xiàn)其職業(yè)的信息詞, 如教師這個(gè)職業(yè)往往同課程、考試、作業(yè)分不開的, 圖書管理員往往與借書、還書的內(nèi)容有關(guān), 醫(yī)生則主要是討論病情、開藥方等。 1）問人物的職業(yè)身份：Who is the man/the woman? 如： M: According to your ad in this mornings paper, you have an apartment for rent. W: Yes, I have. Its on the second floor. Would you like to have

9、a look? Come this way, please. Q: Who is the woman? A. A bank clerk.B. A secretary.C. A landlady.D. A doctor. 該題的關(guān)鍵詞是an apartment for rent和ad.,三、關(guān)系型(Relationships) : 詢問對(duì)話人之間關(guān)系的問句方式常有: 1. Whats the most probable relationship between the man and the womam ? 2. Whats their relationship ? 3. What is the

10、 womans relationship tothe man ? 考試中出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話人之間關(guān)系常有: Teacher - - Student 、Librarian - - Student 、 Doctor/ Dentist - - Patient 、Shop assistant- - Customer 、Waiter - - Customer 、Boss- Secretary、Lawyer - - Client 、Driver- - Passenger 、Husband - - Wife 、Parent s- - children、Friends。 如：M: Good evening, Mada

11、m. There is a table for two over there. This way, please. W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please? Q: Whats the relationship between the man and woman? A. Husband and wife. B. Waiter and customer. C. Salesman and customer. D. Host and guest. 該題的關(guān)鍵詞是menu和Madam.,四、方式型( Traffic) : 主要是問及乘坐什么樣的交通工具。問句

12、方式多以how 引導(dǎo), 如: How did the man go/ t ravel ? 迄今為止, 人們所接觸到的交通工具有: plane 、t rain、bus、car 、taxi 、ship 、boat 、bicycle 甚至可以on foot 。 該類的對(duì)話一般涉及交通工具晚點(diǎn)或交通出現(xiàn)了某些問題。 對(duì)于交通工具晚點(diǎn)的問題，有時(shí)會(huì)談?wù)撜c(diǎn)時(shí)間和推延的時(shí)間，然后再說原因。 這類題的關(guān)鍵詞是：be caught in a traffic jam, the rush hour, flat tire, break down, traffic accident, behind schedule,

13、 due等。 如：W: Im sorry, sir. The train is somewhat behind schedule. Take a seat, and Ill tell you as soon as we know something definite. M: Thank you. Ill just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime. Q: What can we conclude about the train from the conversation? A. The train is crowded. B. The t

14、rain is late. C. The train is empty.D. The train is on time. 本題的關(guān)鍵是behind schedule.,五、地點(diǎn)型(Places) : 詢問地點(diǎn)的方式大致有: 1. Where does the conversation probably take place ? 2. Where are the man and the woman ? 3. Where is the man/ woman ? 不同的場(chǎng)景下人們交談?dòng)谜Z(yǔ)也不同，例如： 校園：campus, dorm, library (renew the books, overdu

15、e, pay a fine, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, professor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credit, resume，tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship等。 銀行：open an account, cash the check, buy travelers check, ATM, draw/deposit money, balance, savings等。 餐館：

16、menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window, full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wine, dessert，waiter, reserve, take order等。 機(jī)場(chǎng)：board, flight, gate number, check in, boarding pass, seat-belt等。 交通：due to arrive, fast train, non-stop train, xx minutes late, postpone, delay, brea

17、k down, traffic jam, flat tire, speeding, pay a fine等。,醫(yī)院：Do you have an appointment? Whats the matter with you? take ones temperature, have a fever, have a sore throat, keep coughing, toothache, headache, physician, surgeon, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, ward, visiting hours, presc

18、ribe, pill, capsule等。 郵局：business hours, parcel, postage, letter, stamp等。 家庭：darling, sweet heart之類的比較親近的稱謂語(yǔ)，watch TV, fix the washing machine, grocery, mow the lawn, sofa, kitchen, dining-room, have a bath等。 旅館：check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等。 如：M: How many hours are you

19、 taking this semester? W: Eighteen, plus two hours of lab. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant.B. In a bank. C. At an office. D. In a university. 該題的關(guān)鍵詞是semester和lab.,六、直接型(Direct meaning) : 直接型提出的問題往往是五花八門, 包羅萬(wàn)象, 但一般沒有什么拐彎抹角的地方,只要能聽懂基本內(nèi)容, 就能很容易做出回答。直接型提出的比較常見

20、的問題如: 1. What does the woman want to do ? 2. What does the woman advise the man to do ? 3. What does the woman want ? 4. What do you think happen ?,七、非直接型( Indirect meaning) : 如對(duì)話中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 這樣字面意思與要表達(dá)的意思正好相反, 有的對(duì)話內(nèi)容沒有得出結(jié)論, 需要考生自己判斷。 1) 釋義、替換或上下義。 該類對(duì)話的選項(xiàng)中會(huì)用單詞替換或解釋對(duì)話人表達(dá)的意思，同時(shí)考查聽力和詞匯。 如： W: Have you fin

21、ished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week. M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published. Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do? A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended. C. Mail her report to the pub

22、lisher. D. Improve some parts of her paper. 本題的關(guān)鍵是理解revise的同義詞是improve.,2）人物的計(jì)劃或打算。 表示建議的常見句型： If I were you, Ill. We should. Why dont you .? How about.? Lets. Maybe youd better. Perhaps we can. Maybe you should. Shall we? Why not? It would be better if 這類問題中第一個(gè)說話人往往會(huì)提出一種觀點(diǎn)或提議或建議，要仔細(xì)聽第二個(gè)說話人是同意還是反對(duì)。,

23、（1） 第二個(gè)說話人同意第一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或提議或建議.如： W：You need a rest. Youve finished your exams. So why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend? M: Thats a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me. Q: What will the man probably do? A. To have a good rest. B. To see Monica. C. To go abroad for the weekend. D. To

24、take an exam. 本題的關(guān)鍵是Thats a good idea，說明第二個(gè)說話人同意第一個(gè)說話人的觀點(diǎn)。 （2）第二個(gè)說話人不同意第一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或提議或建議，大多數(shù)情況下是禮貌委婉地表達(dá)自己的不同意見，所以要特別注意： 如： M: Mary, would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner? W: Well, Ill go if you really want me to, but Im rather tired. Q：What can we learn from the conversation? A. The wo

25、man does not want to go to the movies. B. The man is too tired to go to the movies. C. The woman wants to go to the movies. D. The man wants to go out for dinner. 本題的關(guān)鍵是but,此外，表示請(qǐng)求的句型有 Would you/Could you tell me.? I wonder if you. Ill be very appreciated if you. Would you mind ? 否定題型 在這類題型中，最重要的線索是

26、抓住否定性的關(guān)鍵詞。值得注意的是這類題一般都不是以明顯的否定方式出現(xiàn)的，所以需考生多加注意。 包含否定性的關(guān)鍵詞有： 否定副詞和形容詞：hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, never等 否定代詞和連詞：nothing, nobody, neither, nor, none等 否定前綴或否定后綴：im-, un-, dis-, non-, -less等 表否定意義的其他詞：fail, miss, avoid, deny, refuse, doubt, far from, anything but, instead of, rather than等。,另外，要

27、注意否定形式、肯定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：I couldnt agree with you any more.這句話相當(dāng)于I agree with you completely. M: Can I use your new car, Auntie? W: Yes, of course, if you drive it carefully. Q: Whats the aunts answer? A. She agrees to lend him the car. B. She offers him the car. C. She refused to lend him the car. D. She i

28、s pleased to lend him the car. 本題的關(guān)鍵是Yes, of course,雖然后面又附加了條件if you drive it carefully.,根據(jù)人物的感覺狀態(tài)來推測(cè)人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。 除了根據(jù)說話人的語(yǔ)氣判斷之外，對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞可能有：excited, disappointed, overjoyed, relieved, upset, unhappy, blue, depressed, relaxed, anxious, tense, worried，angry等。 W: Werent you nervous when the professor ca

29、lled on you in class? M: Id say I was shaking all over. Q: How did the man feel when he was called on? A. Worried and frightened. B. Very relaxed C. Quite unhappy. D. Angry with the professor. 本題的關(guān)鍵是I was shaking all over. 人物對(duì)某件事物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，或考生從對(duì)話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論。,該類題難度較大，類型也比較繁多復(fù)雜。需要考生全面理解對(duì)話內(nèi)容。 What does th

30、e man mean (imply) ? What does the womans answer suggest? What can we learn from the conversation? What can be concluded from this conversation? 如： W: You seem to have a lot of work to do at your office. Youre always staying late and working overtime. M: Thats true. But its no bother to me. The work

31、 is interesting. I dont mind working extra hours at all. Q: How does the man feel about his job? A: He enjoys it very much. B: He doesnt care much about it. C: He doesnt mind even though its tedious. D. He hates working overtime. 本題的關(guān)鍵是The work is interesting.,詢問對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度問題中有一大類是含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的。該類型一直是英語(yǔ)四級(jí)熱門考

32、點(diǎn)。這就要求同學(xué)們了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表意功能，根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣判斷正確選項(xiàng)。如： W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Au

33、stin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.說明說話人沒有去過。 含but的題型 該題型中第二人的答話由兩部分組成,先是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的短句,后是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子,短句和長(zhǎng)句之間用but連接.but后的長(zhǎng)句是答案的關(guān)鍵.,表示同意與肯定的常用語(yǔ)(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特別注意的表達(dá)方法) 1同意或肯定對(duì)方陳述的觀點(diǎn) 如：Tony is very hard-working. 表示同意的常用語(yǔ)就有： (1) With no doubt. (2) There is no denying. (3) * I can

34、t agree more. 2. 對(duì)詢問觀點(diǎn)的句子的肯定回答 如： How was the concert? 表示肯定的常用語(yǔ)就有： (1) Not bad. (2) It was terrific! (3) It was amazing! (4) It was fantastic! (5)* Ive never been to a better one. 3同意幫助對(duì)方 如：Can you help me with the math problem? (1) No problem. (2) You can count on me. (3) Its a piece of cake. (4) S

35、ure.,4. 同意對(duì)方的提議 如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? （1）* Why not? （2）* I really cant wait. （3）Thats what I have in mind. 表示懷疑與否定的常用語(yǔ) (*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特別注意的表達(dá)方法) 1懷疑與否定對(duì)方陳述的觀點(diǎn) 如：Tony is very hard-working. 表示否定的常用語(yǔ)就有： (1) Are you kidding? (2) I know you dont mean it. (3) He is by no means hard

36、-working. (4) He is anything but hard-working. (5) * He is the last man that I think hard-working.,2. 對(duì)詢問觀點(diǎn)的句子或知識(shí)性的問題的否定回答 (1) 對(duì)詢問觀點(diǎn)的句子 如： How was the concert? 表示否定的常用語(yǔ)就有： Ive never been to a worse one. Just so-so. It sent me to sleep. I couldnt help dozing off. It was a waste of time and money. *We

37、ll, I should have stayed at home. (2) 對(duì)知識(shí)性的問題 如： Who invented the computer? Who knows? It is beyond me. * It is at the tip of my tongue,3.拒絕幫助對(duì)方 如：Can you help me with the math problem? (1) You are driving me mad. (2) I dont want to be interrupted before I finish my term paper. (3) * Id like to, but

38、 Ive got an appointment with a professor at two oclock. (4) * I wish I could, but I afraid that Ive got to rush now. （5）*Im afraid I just ran out of time. 4. 拒絕對(duì)方的提議或要求 (1) 拒絕對(duì)方的提議 如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend? Id like to, but my paper is due next Monday. Ill go if you really want me

39、 to, but I want to have a good rest at home. (2) 拒絕對(duì)方的要求 如： Try not to make mistakes in your exam. * Well, easier said than done.,長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(Long conversations),2 個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話;兩個(gè)人針對(duì)一個(gè)話題進(jìn)行多輪對(duì)話, 這對(duì)于考生的短期記憶能力有較高的要求。 聽力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話（Long Conversations）的長(zhǎng)度一般在6-20句之間，字?jǐn)?shù)在120-250字之間。針對(duì)每篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的問題可能會(huì)有2-5個(gè)。與短對(duì)話相比，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話涉及的內(nèi)容更深入，人物態(tài)度，語(yǔ)氣，情感變

40、化更復(fù)雜，一般不能簡(jiǎn)單依賴某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞來判斷整篇對(duì)話的含義，更依賴于推斷和判斷。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話必然有一個(gè)中心議題，中心議題正是該面的凝聚點(diǎn)，對(duì)話雙方都是圍繞該中心而展開話題，對(duì)于長(zhǎng)對(duì)話而言，做出正確選擇的關(guān)鍵就是把握住對(duì)話的中心思想。 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話經(jīng)常涉及到的幾種情況，主要分成三大類：學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類，生活相關(guān)類和工作相關(guān)類。顧名思義，學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類與學(xué)習(xí)有密切聯(lián)系，比如：選課，考試，論文等；生活相關(guān)類主要涉及到家庭，校院生活，娛樂，運(yùn)動(dòng)等；生活相關(guān)類多是找工作，面試等題材。下面列舉幾個(gè)常用典型場(chǎng)景的題型。,一、學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類 學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類往往是長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的重點(diǎn)。內(nèi)容粗略可分為教務(wù)場(chǎng)景，選課場(chǎng)景，補(bǔ)課場(chǎng)景和論文場(chǎng)景等。 （1）教

41、務(wù)場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：由教師（導(dǎo)師）或?qū)W監(jiān)等教務(wù)人員向?qū)W生說明一些學(xué)校課程的安排情況。 場(chǎng)景涉及內(nèi)容：學(xué)期計(jì)劃，調(diào)課信息，考試安排，課程介紹等。 解題思路：教務(wù)人員總是細(xì)致地描述各項(xiàng)事務(wù)的細(xì)節(jié)問題，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，計(jì)劃推遲或變更的原因往往是考查的重點(diǎn)。 經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題和答案 Q: Who is the speaker? A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisor Q: When does the talk take place? A: at the beginning (in the middle, at the end of the semester) Q:

42、 Where does the talk take place? A: classroom, lecture hall Q: What is the topic? A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about on course 常用的詞匯和詞組：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar, workshop(講習(xí)班), take attendance(點(diǎn)名)

43、, elementary, intermediate, advanced等。,（2）選課場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：師生之間或?qū)W生之間談?wù)撨x課的話題 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：學(xué)生是否有資格選某一門課，對(duì)于老師的談?wù)?，課程的難易程度，選某一門課的好處和壞處。 解題思路：學(xué)生覺得課程太難，負(fù)荷太重。 常用的詞匯和詞組：required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course(預(yù)修課程), preliminary course(預(yù)備課程), such a

44、 heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course(退修課程)等。 （3）補(bǔ)課場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：同學(xué)之間補(bǔ)課。 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：通常是某學(xué)生因?yàn)槟承┰蜻t到或曠課了，事后找另一個(gè)同學(xué)補(bǔ)課，所以必會(huì)牽扯到專業(yè)內(nèi)容。 解題思路：遲到或曠課的學(xué)生大多是男生，幫他補(bǔ)課的一般是女生。男生在補(bǔ)課過程中常會(huì)問一些愚蠢問題，而女生將一一給與澄清。結(jié)尾處，男生會(huì)感嘆不上這堂課很遺憾,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題和答案： Q: Why was the man late for class? (Why did the man ask the woman about the lectur

45、e?) A: He overslept (was sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency) Q: What confused the man? A: 專業(yè)課的內(nèi)容。 Q: What does the man promise to do at last? A: He will not be late again (oversleep again) 常用的詞匯和詞組：fill sb. in (暫代某人), Youve really lost me ther

46、e(你真的讓我糊涂了), make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes等。 （4）論文場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：教授與學(xué)生，或者學(xué)生之間進(jìn)行討論。 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：討論論文寫作的相關(guān)事宜，比如：論文題目，查找資料等等。 解題思路：論文的題目難以確定，資料太難找（題目太偏，查不到資料；題目太大，要查的資料太多，太雜）。 常用的詞匯和詞組：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference, intell

47、ectual dishonesty, plagiarism(剽竊), get an early start, gather materials等。,二、生活相關(guān)類 包括體育場(chǎng)景，娛樂場(chǎng)景，租房場(chǎng)景等。 （1）體育場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：同學(xué)，朋友或家庭成員一起出去郊游。 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：往往是一些熱門的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing. 解題思路：目的不在于比賽，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些運(yùn)動(dòng)，如cycling，往往是以team, club或association的形式存在的。 常用的詞匯和詞組：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in

48、great shape, ensure the safety, first aid(急救), check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station等。 （2）娛樂場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：同學(xué)，朋友或家庭成員。 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：包括郊游，參加運(yùn)動(dòng)，聽音樂會(huì)，談?wù)撏娴挠?jì)劃等。 解題思路：一般說到娛樂，常見的項(xiàng)目有g(shù)o on a picnic, hiking trip, camping trip, go to a concert

49、, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveling等。 常見的詞匯和詞組：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court(預(yù)定一個(gè)球場(chǎng)), a night-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather等。,（3）租房場(chǎng)景 場(chǎng)景人物：房東，住戶 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：和房東的相處甚至討價(jià)還價(jià)。對(duì)房子的評(píng)價(jià)，包括價(jià)格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的過程。 解題思路：學(xué)生一般傾向于找價(jià)格低的房子，所以房子的條件一般比較差，經(jīng)常會(huì)出一些毛??；由于房子緊張，找房子

50、，租房子的過程往往很不容易。 常用的詞匯和詞組：roommate, dormitory, deposit, live on, off campus, utilities, heating costs, temporary accommodation, landlord, apartment, sublet, dishwasher, messy, a leaky faucet(漏水的水龍頭), tenant, afford等。,三、工作相關(guān)類 （1）應(yīng)聘（面試）場(chǎng)景 常景人物：聘方人員和應(yīng)聘者。 場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：對(duì)于某種工作的態(tài)度和評(píng)價(jià)，應(yīng)聘該工作的條件，如何辦理相關(guān)手續(xù)，工資待遇和工作環(huán)境，工

51、作時(shí)間等。 解題思路：應(yīng)聘者介紹自己的情況，如：教育背景，特長(zhǎng)等，聘方人員一般要介紹工作的性質(zhì)，工資待遇以及上下班時(shí)間。 常用的詞匯和詞組：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant, waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer tr

52、aining(崗前培訓(xùn)), permanent employment, stipend, bonus, part-time job等。,概括地說，要聽好長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，必須做到以下五點(diǎn)： （1）通過預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)信息，能迅速把握它們的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，從而預(yù)測(cè)所聽對(duì)話材料的基本內(nèi)容，并且從各個(gè)問題間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提煉出對(duì)話的中心思想，更好地理解個(gè)檢測(cè)點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)。 下面兩點(diǎn)值得特別關(guān)注：a.注意重復(fù)的詞語(yǔ)，這些詞通常會(huì)給你一些線索，還會(huì)幫助你回憶起你在題目中聽過的名稱；b.注意各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的不同點(diǎn)，注意一些不同的名字，地點(diǎn)及不同的動(dòng)詞，這些不同之處將會(huì)幫你確定這道題中哪些是你要聽的關(guān)鍵。 （2）排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。及時(shí)排除明

53、顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，將有助于你提高正確率。（3）把握做題的節(jié)奏。做題的節(jié)奏在聽力中比在其他部分要重要得多，每一項(xiàng)提問的時(shí)間間隔都是相同的，這就暗示著答題的節(jié)奏感。做到答題的節(jié)奏與提問的節(jié)奏相一致，一旦答題的節(jié)奏落后了，就會(huì)手忙腳亂，出錯(cuò)的幾率大大增加。（4）提高短期記憶能力，學(xué)會(huì)腦筆同記，邊聽邊記和一系列適用自己的記憶方法。 （5）熟悉各種固定的提問形式，根據(jù)對(duì)話的發(fā)展預(yù)測(cè)可能提出的問題。,短文部分,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力測(cè)試的第二部分主要是由三篇短文組成, 每個(gè)短文后附有3 4題。 雖然短文的內(nèi)容涉及面廣, 但測(cè)試重點(diǎn)具有一定的規(guī)律,可概括為: (l)掌握短文的主題或中心思想; (2)綜合記憶短文中的事

54、實(shí)和理由; (3)通過所給信息判斷人物的身份及相互間的關(guān)系; (4)記住事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn); (5)依據(jù)字面意思,推斷出隱含信息; (6)領(lǐng)會(huì)說話人對(duì)所談內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度; (7)根據(jù)所給的數(shù)字,準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行計(jì)算等。,應(yīng)試時(shí)注意的問題。 (l)預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)。 (2)抓主題句。要特別注意聽清開頭和結(jié)尾的一兩句話, 因?yàn)殚_頭句與結(jié)尾句常常是主題句。還有一種情況是首尾兩部分的幾句話相結(jié)合, 共同作為文章的主題。只要了解這些結(jié)構(gòu)安排,文章的主題句就容易抓住, 短文中的詳情細(xì)節(jié)、論據(jù)等就容易理解。 (3)記錄事實(shí)。在聽音過程中, 要有目的地去抓聽、記錄與題目有關(guān)的事實(shí), 例如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等。 (4)抓住

55、信息詞。一些連接短文各個(gè)句子、表明上下邏輯關(guān)系的詞, 對(duì)短文內(nèi)容如何發(fā)展,起到信號(hào)指示作用,對(duì)理解短文非常重要。抓住這些信號(hào), 對(duì)于下文會(huì)講什么內(nèi)容、能解答什么問題就會(huì)心中有數(shù), 對(duì)短文邏輯關(guān)系更清楚。這些詞大致有:and, also, in addition ,for example; but, however, in spite of, on the contrary; because, since, as a result; first, second, last, before, after, then, accordingly等。 (5)學(xué)會(huì)推斷。根據(jù)明示信息和錄音的字里行間進(jìn)行綜合

56、推斷。這類題目比明示信息題目難得多。 (6)聽清問題。 若是聽不清所問的問題,就會(huì)答非所問,前面的全部工作就會(huì)功虧一簣。所以, 聽清短文后的問題是解題的關(guān)鍵。,短文的內(nèi)容方方面面, 主要包括故事、人物傳記、風(fēng)土人情、地理概況、政治、體育、文化教育以及社會(huì)問題等一般知識(shí)性文章, 還有一些專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的科普性文章。答好這部分題就要了解短文一般提出什么樣問題: 短文聽力的提問方式有最常見的有以下6種類型。 1.中心思想題。這類問題主要是測(cè)試文章的主題思想。 提問方式有：What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this p

57、assage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?等等。 2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。所考察的細(xì)節(jié)包括具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要人物或事件、各種數(shù)字等，問題一般由who 、when、what 、where 、why、which 、how 等疑問詞引導(dǎo)。 這類題要求我們聽到文中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間、數(shù)字時(shí)一定要特別敏感，及時(shí)做好筆記；另外，文中一旦出現(xiàn)以因果連詞(如because, so, due to等)和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞(如but, however

58、, though等)引導(dǎo)的句子也要格外留心，這些地方往往就是考點(diǎn)。 3.對(duì)錯(cuò)判斷題。這類題常用以下提問方式：Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。聽到這類題時(shí)，一定要聽清提問，對(duì)于有沒有not一詞要弄清楚。一般情況下，not一詞會(huì)重讀。,4.推理推測(cè)題。這類題需要對(duì)文中的信息進(jìn)行分析推斷，才能作出正確的選擇。提問方式有：What can be inferred from the passage? What does

59、 the speaker think about the problem.? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about.?等等。 做這類題時(shí)一定要注意與短文內(nèi)容一樣的不是推斷，而且一定要根據(jù)短文的觀點(diǎn)而不是根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)來推斷。 5.詞語(yǔ)釋義題：這類題要求考生對(duì)文章中的某個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞進(jìn)行解釋或猜測(cè)生詞。對(duì)于這類詞，一般會(huì)在材料中的有關(guān)位置給出解釋，有時(shí)該詞的后面用一同義詞解釋，有時(shí)借助于逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)來對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋?？忌€可借助詞的前綴、后綴來判斷一個(gè)詞的意思。 6. 作者或人物的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。,復(fù)合式聽寫,一、復(fù)合式聽寫的基本特點(diǎn) 二、復(fù)合式聽寫的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧 三、復(fù)合式聽寫的時(shí)間安排,一、復(fù)合式聽寫的基本特點(diǎn),1、 共十個(gè)空。占10的分?jǐn)?shù)比例（新題型中 分值為1071071分） 2、 前七空為單個(gè)單詞填寫，必須寫下聽到的準(zhǔn)確形式，即聽到什么寫什么。得分，每空0.5個(gè)點(diǎn)，共3.5個(gè)點(diǎn)。 3、 后三空為句子填寫。請(qǐng)注意，此時(shí)，你既可以聽到什么寫下什么，也可以按照自己的話將要點(diǎn)寫下來。后三空的分?jǐn)?shù)設(shè)置為：2個(gè)點(diǎn)、2個(gè)點(diǎn)和2.5個(gè)點(diǎn)。三句中最長(zhǎng)的一句是2.5