中國(guó)藥科大學(xué)中藥學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課件何首烏.ppt

1、第二章 中藥材各論,Radix Polygoni Multiflori (何首烏) Fleeceflower Root,Origins Plant Morphology Collection and Preparation Production and Commerce Description Microscopical Characters Chemical Constituents Physical and Chemical Identification Pharmacology Action Indication,Main contents,Heshouwu was first reco

2、rded in Kai Bao Ben Cao, and it literally means a man whose surname is He with black hair. A legend says that Heshouwu was the grandson of a man who at age 58 had not been able to father a child. A monk advised him to eat the herb he gathered on the mountain. Because of taking the herb constantly, n

3、ot only did he father several children as a result, but his hair turned from grey to black and his body became stronger and more youthful. He lived to be 160, still with black hair, and his child lived to be 130. From that time on, this herb has been used to strengthen the body and nourish vital ess

4、ence.,Origins,It is the dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , family Polygonaceae .,A perennial twining herb. The end of the root in a irregular plump mass. Stem somewhat woody at the base and much branched at the upper part, herbaceous. Leaves alternate, with a long petiole; blade cord

5、ate, 49 cm long, 2.55 cm broad, entire, glabrous; ocrea membranous.,perennial：多年生 petiole：葉柄 ocrea：托葉鞘,Plant Morphology,Flowers numerous, in terminal or axillary panicles, small; perianth 5-parted, white, the parts unequal in size. Achene elliptical, 3-ridged, covered by the persisting winged perian

6、th. Flowering season Aug. Oct.; fruiting season Sept. Nov. . The plant is distributed in the east, the middle, the south, the southwest and the north of China.,Plant Morphology,terminal:頂生 axillary：腋生 panicles：圓錐花序 perianth：花被 achene：瘦果,Collection and Preparation The drug is collected in autumn, was

7、hed clean, removed from two ends, the large one being sometimes halved or cut into pieces, and then dried. Production and Commerce The drug is mainly produced in Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan and Jiangsu. It is sold at home and abroad.,In a mass or irregular fusiform. 615 cm lon

8、g. 412cm in diameter. Externally reddish-brown, shrunken and uneven. shallowly grooved, with transverse elongated lenticels and fine rootlet scars. Texture heavy, compact, uneasily broken, fracture pale yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, starchy, bark exhibiting 411 subrounded rings of abnormal vascu

9、lar bundles. forming brocaded patterns, wood in central part, relatively large, some having a woody core. Odourless; taste bitterish, sweetish and astringent.,Description,starchy：粉性的 viscous：粘性的 horny：角質(zhì)樣,lenticel-like protrusions：皮孔樣凸起,橫斷面： transverse elongated 橫切面：transverse section 縱切面：longitudin

10、al section,Transverse section: Cork consisting of several layers of cells, filled with brown contents. Phloem relatively broad, scattered with 411 subrounded abnormal vascular bundles of collateral type, vessels rare in the bundles. In the central part of a root cambium in a ring; vessels in xylem l

11、ess. Parenchymatous cells containing starch granules. And clusters of calcium oxalate, 10160 m in diameter.,Microscopical Characters,abnormal vascular bundles,cambium,xylem,cork,phloem,Transverse section,Powder,pitted vessel：紋孔導(dǎo)管 reticulated vessel：網(wǎng)紋導(dǎo)管 scalariform vessel:梯紋導(dǎo)管 spiral vessel：螺紋導(dǎo)管,emo

12、din,physcione,2，3，5，4-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-D-glucoside,lecithin,Chemical Constituents,di- 二 tri- 三 tetra- 四 penta-; quinque 五,hydroxy-: 羥基的,Anthraquinone,（1）取粉末約0.1g，加10氫氧化鈉溶液10ml，煮沸3分鐘，冷后濾過(guò)。取濾液，加鹽酸使成酸性，再加等量乙醚，振搖，乙醚層應(yīng)顯黃色。分取乙醚液4ml，加氨試液2ml，振搖，氨試液層顯紅色。 （2）取粉末約0.2g，加乙醇5ml，熱回流提取5分鐘，趁熱過(guò)濾，放冷。取濾液2滴，置蒸發(fā)

13、皿中蒸干，趁熱加三氯化銻的氯仿飽和溶液1滴，顯紅棕色至紫紅色。,Physical and chemical Identification,Thin Layer Chromatography,2，3，5，4-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-D-glucoside,physcione,emodin,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,2，3，5，4-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-D-glucoside,Tonifying effect : 強(qiáng)壯作用 Purgative effect: 瀉下作用 Cholestero

14、l level-lowering and atherosclerosis relieving effects. 降低膽固醇及減輕動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的作用。,Pharmacology,Action,Crude herb: To counteract toxicity, to cure carbuncles, and to relax bowels. 生首烏：解毒、消癰、潤(rùn)腸通便。 Prepared herb (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata): To invigorate the liver and the kidney, to replenish vital essence and blood, to blacken the hair, and to strengthen the tendon and bones. 制首烏：能補(bǔ)肝腎、益精血、烏須發(fā)、壯筋骨。,Indication,Crude herb: Constipation, carbuncles, hyperlipemia and tuberculosis of lymphatic gland