中考英語復(fù)習(xí)課件專題主謂一致.ppt

1、Welcome to our class,找出下列句子的錯誤,1.The police is comimg soon. 2.The sad news make me cry. 3.My shoes is new . 4.The rich is going to be looked after well. 5.This pair of glasses are mine. 6.The first class begin at eight every morning.,Man cant be perfect.,makes,are,are,are,is,begins,Lets try.,What di

2、d you learn from them?,1、英語句子中的主語與謂語動詞應(yīng)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 2、有些主語雖為單數(shù)形式，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)。有些主語雖為復(fù)數(shù)形式，意義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 所以，我們應(yīng)保持主謂意義上的一致。,Subject verb agreement 主 謂 一 致 性,主謂一致,主謂一致是指謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。這是英語語法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很大的地方。 主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：,二、意義一致,三、就近原則,一、語法一致,一、語法一致 主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式； 主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如

3、： I often help him and he often helps me. 我經(jīng)常幫助他，他也經(jīng)常幫助我。 We often help each other. 我們經(jīng)?；ハ鄮椭?。 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)； 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語， 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,二、意義一致 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： The crowd were surrounding the government official. 人群包圍了這位政府官員。 Maths is hard to learn. 數(shù)學(xué)難學(xué)。,三、就近原則 就近原則即

4、謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語。 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。,and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或 代詞作主語時，謂語動詞有以下兩種 情況： 1). and連接兩個或兩個以上不同的人或 物作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是這個學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不饒人。,2). 如果連接兩個或兩個以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指同一個人或物，或指同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，

5、這時and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。,例如： A).表整體概念的并列結(jié)構(gòu)： bread and butter knife and fork iron and steel law and order B).配套事物： a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk. 刀叉放在桌子上。,2.主語后面帶有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語動詞

6、必須與前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老師和同學(xué)們正在花園里種樹。,3.如果主語是不定式，動詞-ing形式或主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做什么看起來很重要。 Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福。,4. 用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Ever

7、y boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每個男孩女孩都很用功。,. Every one of one of each of either of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 Each of the students has a book.,. One of your books is new.,5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動用單數(shù)。 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+ each, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如： Each of us has something to say. We each have something to say. 我們每個人都

8、有些話要說。,6. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none等 作主語時，謂語動詞視情況而定。謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)它指代不可數(shù)名詞時看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 All the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。 All the apple is rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。 None of us are /is perfect. 人無完人。 None of the money is left. 一點(diǎn)錢也沒剩下。,7. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing

9、is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么東西。,8. 名詞如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)；如： The scissors are sharp.,而形復(fù)義單的名詞如news;以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如physics, politics, 國名如the United States; 報(bào)紙名如the New Times; 書名如Great Expectations(遠(yuǎn)大前程)；以及the United Nations作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,如： No news is good news.

10、 Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.,9. 集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)， 也可用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由句子的意思決定。若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但若指其成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground等。 例如：The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now. Chinese people is a hardworking people. peop

11、le here are very kind.,10. 有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，作主語時，謂語動詞由上下文決定。這類名詞有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如： Not every means is useful. 并非每種方法都有效。 Not all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。,11. 表示一類人的 “the +形容詞(分詞)”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital. The lost have been

12、found.,12. 表示時間、金錢、距離、度量等名詞作主語時，不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的時間并不長。 Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 兩個小時對我來說完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。,13. the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及分?jǐn)?shù)詞等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面名詞

13、的數(shù)，即就近原則。如： A part of the students have arrived. 部分學(xué)生已到了。 A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse. 這個蘋果的一部分被老鼠吃了。,14. 在表存在的there be 句式中，主語是兩個或多個并列名詞（短語），be的形式與最近的一個名詞（短語）保持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. =There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the de

14、sk. =There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.,15. 由here, there等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，若主語不止一個時，謂語動詞與最近的主語保持一致。如： Here comes the bus. Here is a pen and two books for you.,16. 用連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接并列主語時， 謂語動詞應(yīng)與最近的主語保持一致。如： Neither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you a

15、re wrong. Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.,1. 由and連接的并列成分指的是一個人的雙重身份時謂語動詞為單數(shù)，如果指不同的人或物時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那個工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing.

16、 (那位工人和那位作家),謂語應(yīng)該跟主語一致還是跟表語一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people A. is B. are C. is being D. are being,此題應(yīng)選B。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說的是主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與表語一致），本題意為：我們中國人是一個勤勞的民族。,注意以下類似例子： These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The mos

17、t important thing I need is books The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,When and where to build the new factory_ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,析: 當(dāng)when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,A,every并列使用時，動詞取單數(shù)。,Every boy and every girl _ that each

18、 day and each hour brings _ duty. A. know, their B. knows, their C. knows, its D. know, its,B,E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift A. is offered B. h

19、as offered C. are offered D. have offered,3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be,5. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming

20、 B. are coming C. has come D. have come 6. No one except my parents _ anything about this。 A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known,7The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading 8All but （除了）one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were

21、killed C. will be killed D. are killed,9. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; wasB. was; was C. was; wereD. were; were 10. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; i

22、s D. Two fifths; are,1.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean .,2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day. A speaker and a writer does exercise every day.,Do you know the differences?,3.A number of Chinese are learning English. The number of the students are forty.,哪一

23、句表達(dá)正確？,給句子填上is/am/are,1.There _some milk and some bottles on the table. 2.Neither Jim nor Mary _ right. 3.Either you or I_going to work there. 4.Not only the students but also their teacher _happy. 5.There _some sheep and a child over there.,is,is,am,is,are,There be _ A _ and _ B _ Either _A_ or_ B

24、_ Neither_A_nor_B_ Not only_A_but also_B_,動詞,Thinking makes you clever,就近原則,1.Behind the house _(be)some trees. 2.Every student and every teacher _(come) to school on time in the morning. 3.No man and no woman _(like) these shoes. 4.He or she _(have) gone there. 5.What he said_(sound) reasonable. 6.

25、 “I”_(be) the ninth letter.,Can you work them out?,are,comes,likes,has,sounds,is,True gold fears not the fire.,找出各句中的錯誤,1.A number of students has seen the film. 2.This kind of apples taste very good. 3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports. 4.The Greens has returned to Englan

26、d. 5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy. 6.When each person come in ,they must show their tickets .,have,tastes,is,have,think,comes,Think carefully,7.Ten thousand pounds are a lot of money. 8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing . 9.We are Chinese . You two are German. 10.Th

27、e singer and dancer look very young . 11.Fish and chips are my favourite. 12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret.,I can make it,is,like,Germans,looks,is,knows,Multiple choice: 1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our

28、 army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. have kept 3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has,4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know

29、n D. is known 6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were,7. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 8. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered,1. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1