廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué).ppt

1、Chapter 3 Speech Sounds and Their System,廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué) 英語語言文化學(xué)院 6班 張 杰 傘 瑤,Phonetics,Communication process,IPA,Articulation,Consonant,Vowel,What is Phonetics?,the science of speech sounds provide the set of features or properties describe and distinguish all the sounds,Three sub-fields of phonetics,artic

2、ulatory（發(fā)音的） phonetics acoustic（聲學(xué)的） phonetics auditory（聽覺的） phonetics,speech production by the speech organs,physical properties of speech sounds,perception of speech sounds,Three Phases in the Communication Process,I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough? tf bau kf d Othe

3、rs may stumble but not you On hiccough, thorough, lough and through. hkp r lk ru: Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, To learn of less familiar traps?,Can you read this？,International Phonetic Alphabet （國際音標(biāo)） the tool in phonetics used to transcribe speech sounds of different languages,Ways to des

4、cribe sounds,place of articulation（發(fā)音部位）: WHERE the sound is made manner of articulation（發(fā)音方法）: HOW the tongue, lips, etc. are configured to produce the sound,Articulation （發(fā)音）,the production of different speech sounds through the use of speech organs,Speech Organs,The principal cavities（腔） or reson

5、ators（共鳴器）: pharyngeal cavity（咽腔） oral cavity（口腔） nasal cavity（鼻腔） labial cavity（唇腔） The vocal tract: the long tubular structure formed by the pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity and nasal cavity,Process of articulation,The air breathed in lungs the air pressed out windpipe（氣管） larynx（喉） mouth cavity（口腔）

6、 Pharynx（咽） nasal cavity（鼻腔）,Consonant （輔音）,a sound made by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing from which air cannot escape without producing audible friction（摩擦）,Consonant place of articulation constriction of airflow manner of articulation voicing aspiration（送氣）,11 possible places of

7、articulation for consonants,11 possible places of articulation for consonants,Blakes black bikes back brake bracket block broke,Can you read this?,Bilabial 雙唇音 b Alveolar 齒齦音 l, r,Labio-dental 唇齒音 f Alveolar 齒齦音 r Palato-alveolar 腭齦音,Fresh fried fish, Fish fresh fried, Fried fish fresh, Fish fried f

8、resh.,Manner of articulation of consonants,3 factors: Constriction（壓縮） of airflow voicing Aspiration（送氣）,constriction of airflow,Mary Macs mothers making Mary Mac marry me.My mothers making me marry Mary Mac.Will I always be so merry when Marys taking care of me?Will I always be so merry when I marr

9、y Mary Mac?,Nasal 鼻音 m,If a shipshape ship shop stocks six shipshape shop-soiled ships, how many shipshape shop-soiled ships would six shipshape ship shops stock?,Fricative 擦音 ,While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washingtons windows with warm washing water.,Glide 滑音 w,Voicing

10、,voiceless: p t k f h s t (tr ts) voiced b d m n v z d w j l r (dr dz),Which Witch? For fewer and fewer English speakers, the two words in the name of this board game are distinct - wh is voiceless, while plain w is voiced. Thats a distinction that goes back to Old English and earlier. But for most

11、speakers today, they sound almost the same.,Vowel （元音） a sound in which there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx（喉） to the lips,Vowels,Monophthongs (Pure vowels 單元音) (12): -Short vowels (Lax vowels): i e u -Long vowels (Tense vowels): i: a: : u: : Diphthongs (Gliding v

12、owels 雙元音) (8): -Falling diphthongs: ei ai i u au -Rising diphthongs: i u Triphthongs e.g. au,Pure vowels location of the tongue in the mouth the openness of the mouth the shape of the lips the length and tenseness in articulation nasalization,Location of the tongue in the mouth,The openness of the mouth,The position of the tongue raised,the shape of the lips,Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew.While these fleas flew, freezy breeze blew.Freezy breeze m