哈佛公開課《幸福課》05-change.ppt

1、Change,The Nature of Change,Change is hard Twin research (Lykken or on the other hand, we can talk about the development of spontaneity, and of courage, and of Olympian or Godlike humor and suchness, sensory awareness, body awareness, and the like.” Abraham Maslow,Peak experiences can lead to a new

2、brain order,Enhancing the likelihood of PE acceptance mindfulness music and dance meaningful goal taking time Enhancing the likelihood of PPEO replaying and imagining journaling (describing) taking time taking action,Making the Most of Peak Experiences,Behavior: Taking Action,Permanent Change,Attitu

3、de,Behavior,Behavior Changing Attitudes,POWs in Korea (Schein, 1956) Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger, 1959) Self-perception theory (Bem, 1967) Facial feedback hypothesis (Ekman, 1983),“Whistling to keep up courage is no mere figure of speech. On the other hand, sit all day in a moping posture, sigh,

4、 and reply to everything with a dismal voice, and your melancholy lingers. Smooth the brow, brighten the eye, contract the dorsal rather than the ventral aspect of the frame, and speak in a major key, pass the genial compliment, and your heart must be frigid indeed if it does not gradually thaw.”Wil

5、liam James,Behavior Changing Attitudes,POWs in Korea (Schein, 1956) Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger, 1959) Self-perception theory (Bem, 1967) Facial feedback hypothesis (Ekman, 1983) Body feedback hypothesis Overcoming shyness (Haemmerlie, 1987) Fake it till you make it (Myers, 1992),“Those whose de

6、eds exceed their wisdom, their wisdom shall endure; but those whose wisdom exceeds their deeds, their wisdom shall not endure.”Chapters of the Fathers,Dan Millmans Advice on Change,To change the course of your life, choose one of two basic methods:,1. You can direct your energy and attention toward

7、trying to fix your mind, find your focus, affirm your power, free your emotions and visualize positive outcomes so that you can finally develop the confidence to display the courage to discover the determination to make the commitment to feel sufficiently motivated to do what it is you need to do.,2

8、. Or you can just do it.,Exiting comfort zone,Coping (Bednar and Peterson, 1995),Exiting comfort zone Attaining optimum levels of discomfort,Coping (Bednar and Peterson, 1995),Comfort Zone,Stretch Zone (optimal discomfort),Panic Zone (anxiety),Increase confidence by taking risks Reduce stress by sim

9、plifying Become more positive by practicing gratefulness Imagination (exposure through visualization),Bias For Action,From Self Discipline to Rituals,“Building rituals requires defining very precise behaviors and performing them at very specific timesmotivated by deeply held values.” Loher we can tr

10、ansform ourselves.” Dalai Lama,Cognition: Thoughts Create Worlds,Interpretation as neural pathway The world according to the fault-finder The (same) world according to the merit-finder The identical twins (revisited) Changing our interpretation style takes time,Cognitive Reconstruction Revisited,Cha

11、llenge or threat (Tomaka et al., 1997) Arousal as euphoria or anger (Schachter it gives us a sense of control and predictability over our lives.”Jamie Pennebaker,Sense of comprehensibility Sense of manageability Sense of meaningfulness,Sense of Coherence (Antonovsky),“A global orientation that expre

12、sses the extent to which one has a pervasive, enduring though dynamic feeling of confidence that (1) the stimuli deriving from ones internal and external environments in the course of living are structured, predictable and explicable; (2) the resources are available to one to meet the demands posed

13、by these stimuli; and (3) these demands are challenges, worthy of investment and engagement.”,Combining the ABCs,“I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor. It is something to be able to paint a particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so to make a few objects beautiful; but it is far more glorio