托福詞匯考頻版 list27

1、List 27adj. 已廢棄的，過時的no longer in use or no longer usefulPhotography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete-thedaguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature.obsolete 音 標 :bsli:t英4攝影術的確使某些繪畫類型被廢棄實際上銀板照相法使人們了微型肖像畫。occupational 音 標 :k ju peinladj. 職業(yè)的an activity in which one e

2、ngagesEpic tales of heroic deeds, seasonal songs relating to calendar events, andoccupational songs are also likely to be sung.英4人們也可能會傳唱一些英雄事跡的史詩職業(yè)有關的歌曲。，與歷法中耕作安排相關的季節(jié)歌，和與offset 音 標:fsetv. 補償compensate for sthAdvertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with adisclaimer-a qua

3、lification or condition on the claim.廣告商有時通過一種免責聲明（一種對廣告詞的限制條件）來彌補一種夸張的說法。英4olfactory 音 標 :lf k triadj. 嗅覺的of, relating to, or connected with the sense of smellSome species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but theirmedium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appr

4、eciate because of our own olfactory insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing there pheromones.一些物種，比如螞蟻，似乎是表達能力很強的生物，但是由于我們?nèi)祟愖陨硇嵊X不靈敏，而且檢測和分析螞蟻的信息素存在技術上的困難，螞蟻的交流媒介很難被我們研究和認識。英4omit 音 標um itv. 省略，省去to leave out or leave unmentionedThis technique allows researchers to

5、 create solutions that selectively omitcertain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants.這項技術使研究人員能夠創(chuàng)造出一些溶液，這些溶液選擇性地忽略某些營養(yǎng)物質，并且使研究人員隨后能夠觀察溶液對植物產(chǎn)生的影響。英4oneness 音 標w nnsn. 單一性，同一性，統(tǒng)一性the quality or state of being oneThey have also suggested that the very concept of abstract number

6、s-the ideaof a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-is itself far from innate.他們同時也表明, 數(shù)字一、二、三的概念適用于任何種類的物體，并且這種概念是做任何比擺餐具更需要數(shù)學知識的事情的前提條件，而這種抽象數(shù)字概念完全不是天生英4譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中譯詞

7、頻例中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中的。ontario 音 標 :n te rio n. 安大略湖（五大湖之一），安大略（加拿大的一個省）lake U.S. and Canada in N.Y.; easternmost of the Great Lakes areaThe residence times for the Great Lakes of North America, namely, LakesSuperior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, are, respectively, 190,100,22,2. 5, and 6 years.五大湖（

8、蘇必利爾湖、密歇根湖、休倫湖、伊利湖和安大略湖）的停留時間分別是190年、100年、22年、2. 2年和6年。英4opportunistic 音 標 :prtu:nistik adj. 機會主義的，取巧的taking advantage of opportunities as they ariseHence, many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds offields and gardens.因此，人們田地和花園中常見的雜草多是擅長（生長繁殖）的“機會主義”植物。英4outlying 音 標a tla ii a

9、dj. 遠離中心的，偏僻的remote from a center or main bodyBetween 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots wererecorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.例如，1890到1920年間，芝加哥境內(nèi)新登記的住宅區(qū)大概有25萬個，其中大多數(shù)都 在偏遠的郊區(qū)。英4outsider 音 標a tsa idrn. 外行，旁觀者，局外人a person who doe

10、s not belong to a particular groupIf an outsider recognizes this message and moves the body, no harm is done.如果一個外來者確認了這類信息，并且移開了尸體，這也沒有什么害處。英4overly 音 標o vrli 詞 頻4adv. 過度地，極度地to an excessive degree英overtaken 音 標 vteik nadj. 趕上的，突然來襲的to catch up wirhIt was eventually to be overtaken by a new school

11、of thought known asFunctionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.新藝術派最終被一種新型學派實用主義所取代，實用主義出現(xiàn)于世紀之交。英4pacifier 音 標p sifa i rn. 調(diào)停者，和解人one that pacifiesThey devised an apparatus that connected a babys pacifier to a countingdevice.他們設計出了一種讓嬰兒的橡皮奶嘴和記數(shù)裝置連接到一起的裝置。英4paleoecologistn. 古生態(tài)學

12、家中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中中詞 頻例譯中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中a branch of eclogy that is concerned with the characteristic of ancient environments and with their relationships to antient plants and animalsBut belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist GlenMacDonald demonstrated that some of the

13、most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect.但是當古生態(tài)學家Glen MacDonald證明，一些最重要的放射性碳日期（這些日期曾經(jīng)被用來支持不結冰通道的存在）并不正確時，這種不結冰通道的觀點開始站不住腳了。 音 標peili: e k ldist4pangaea 音 標p n di:n. 泛古陸，泛hypothetical land area believed to have once connected the landmasses

14、 of the southern hemisphere with those of the northern hemisphere英4pantomime 音 標p ntm a im v.勢；演啞劇 n. 啞?。皇謩?；an antient Roman dramatic performance featuring a solo dancer and a narrative cgorus; communication by means of gesture and facial expression;At the Paris Exposition in 1900, she had her own t

15、heater, where, in addition toher own dances, she presented pantomimes by the Japanese actress Sada Yocco.在1900年的巴黎博覽會上，她擁有了一家劇場，在那里，除了她自己的舞蹈，她還表演了日本女演員Sada Yocco的啞劇。英4paradox 音 標p rd:ksn. 悖論，自相矛盾的話a tenet contrary to received opinionAlthough southen Maya areas received more rainfall than northern ar

16、eas,problems of water were paradoxically more severe in the wet south.盡管瑪雅故地南部地區(qū)的降雨量比北部地區(qū)更多，但是，在潮濕的南部地區(qū)，水資源的問題反而更加嚴重。英4parlor 音 標p :l n. 客廳，接待室，休息室，小店a room used primarily for conversation or the reception of guestsIt was designed for use in Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which containedonly a few

17、 individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a short, 50-foot film at any one time.這種放映機為活動電影放映廳或電影娛樂中心而設計，這些地方的內(nèi)部僅含有幾個獨立的播放設備，并且每次僅允許一個顧客觀看一部膠卷長度為50英寸的小短片。英4passive 音 標p sivadj. 被動的accepting or submitting without objection or resistanceThese can be divided into preformed or passive

18、defense mechanisms andinducible or active systems.這些機制可分為消極或被動防御機制，以及誘導或主動防御機制。英4patchyadj. 斑駁的，拼湊的marked by, consisting of, or diversified with patchesScholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy英 音 標p t 中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中譯詞 頻例中譯例詞 頻中詞 頻中譯例詞 頻英例 詞 頻4environment in which

19、 precipitation and other resources varied across thelandscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops-and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction.學者們相信，這種合作使人們能夠應對這種降水和其它資源在整個區(qū)域有差異的不

20、協(xié)調(diào)的環(huán)境: 如果你一年生產(chǎn)了很多糧食，你也許可以從正遇到糧食困難的遙遠的伙伴那譯pathogens 音 標p dnsan specific causative agent of diseasePassive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevententry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader.植物的消極防御包含物理和化學障礙，這可以阻止病原體的入侵，比如細菌，或者

21、產(chǎn)英例4譯生一些對入侵者來說不可口或者的組織。patronage 音 標p trnidn. 贊助；權中英the support or influence of a patron; the power to make appointments to government jobs especially for political advantage4perry 音 標peri 詞 頻4n. 梨酒fermented pear juice often made sparkling中英persuasively 音 標psw e isivliadv. 有說服力地，口才好地tending to persu

22、adeHe persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until muchlater, when the continental ice began its final retreat.中英例4他的證明令人信服，他指出，這種不結冰的通道直到很久以后才出現(xiàn)，那時，的冰開始了最后的消退。上譯philosophical 音 標fil s :fik l 詞 頻4adj. 哲學的，達觀的of or relating to philosophers or philosophy中英photoflash 音 標fo t f

23、l n. （照相）閃光燈a lamp for providing momentary light to take a photographPhotoflash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, first used in1864, was a paper bag containing magnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate.如今的閃光都是通過電子方式產(chǎn)生的，但是最早的閃光燈的樣式（在1864年被第一次使用）是裝

24、有鎂金屬絲和一些富氧物質（比如氯化鉀）的紙袋。中英例4譯pianistn. 鋼琴家中詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻a person who plays the pianoWithin a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to asolemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.然而不久之后，活潑的音樂與嚴肅的電影中

25、明顯不搭調(diào)，電影鋼琴家開始注意樂曲要與電影情緒相契合。英例 音 標p inist4譯piecework 音 標p i:sw :rk n. 按件計酬的工作，計件工作work done by the piece and paid for at a set rate per unitProduction was generally in the hands of skilled individual artisans doingpiecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner.生產(chǎn)一般掌握在技術熟練的單個工匠手中

26、，他們在雇主（也是店主）的監(jiān)督下做著計件工作。中英例4譯pigmentation 音 標p im enteinn. 染色，著色coloration with or deposition of pigmentMineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such aschlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formati

27、on (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant.礦物質的缺乏通常能夠通過具體的癥狀來發(fā)覺，例如萎黃病（缺失葉綠素導致葉片組織出現(xiàn)黃色或白色）、壞死（單個壞死的斑塊）、花青素的形成（葉片或莖長出深紅色的色素沉淀）、生長萎縮，以及草本植物中生長出木質組織。中英例4譯pinhole 音 標p inholn. 針眼，小孔a small hole made by, for, or as if

28、 by a pinThe images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used apinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar-the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed

29、views of the city of Venice.照相機（一種盒狀的裝置）產(chǎn)生的影像已經(jīng)為大家所熟知，它是一種使用小孔或透鏡將影像投射到毛玻璃屏或一張白紙上的盒狀裝置這種裝置已經(jīng)為很多地貌風景畫家所用，例如意大利畫家Canaletto在他所創(chuàng)作的威尼斯精致風景畫中（使用了這種裝置）。中英例4譯pitch 音 標p it n. 瀝青any of various thick, dark, sticky substances obtained from the distillation residue of coal tar, wood tar, or petroleum and used f

30、or waterproofing, roofing, caulking, and pavingA brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches atonce; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it.銅管樂器或者木管樂器的演奏者可能邊演奏邊哼，從而同時產(chǎn)生兩個音高；鋼琴演奏者可能會將手伸到鋼琴內(nèi)部去撥弦并且隨即沿著琴弦滑動金屬撥片。中英4例譯plausible

31、adj. 似真實合理的，動聽的中詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often speciousAnother seemingly plausible explanation-that infants do not form enduringmemories at this point in development-also is incorrect.另一種看似合理的解釋也不正確: 孩子在嬰幼兒這一發(fā)展階段尚未形成永久性記憶。英例 音 標p l:zbl4譯plumage 音 標p lu :m idn. 鳥

32、類羽毛，翅膀；華麗的衣服the feathers of a bird; elaborate dressA male bird of paradise may put himself in the limelight by displaying hisspectacular plumage in the best stage setting to attract a female.中英例4雄性的中心。鳥會在吸引異性的最好場所展示自己漂亮的羽毛，讓自身處于眾人注意的譯potent 音 標po tnt 詞 頻4adj. 強有力的，有效的having or wielding force, author

33、ity, or influence中英prerequisite 音 標p ri:re kw zitadj. 作為前提的，必備的 n. 先決條件，前提something that is necessary to an end or to the carrying out of a function;They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers-the ideaof a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects an

34、d is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-is itself far from innate.他們同時也表明, 數(shù)字一、二、三的概念適用于任何種類的物體，并且這種概念是做任何比擺餐具更需要數(shù)學知識的事情的前提條件，而這種抽象數(shù)字概念完全不是天生的。中英例4譯presidential 音 標p rezidenladj.的，制的中英例of or relating to a president or presidencyWith this declaration,

35、 Jackson redefined the character of the presidential officeand its relationship to the people.4杰克遜用這番聲明重新定義了的角色及其與民眾的關系。譯prestigious 音 標prestidsadj. 享有聲望的of, relating to, or marked by illusion, conjuring, or trickeryShe rejected the technical virtuosity of movement in ballet, the mostprestigious for

36、m of theatrical dance at that time, perhaps because her formal dance training was minimal.盡管芭蕾舞是當時一種最具聲望的劇場舞蹈表演形式，她還是舍棄了芭蕾舞運動的精湛技巧，很可能是因為她所接受的正規(guī)舞蹈培訓太少了。中英例4譯principally 音 標p rinspliadv. 主要地most important, consequential, or influentialFuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play o

37、f lights andcolors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes.中英例4詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻Fuller設計了一種舞蹈，這種舞蹈不僅強調(diào)燈光變換的作用，而且也很注重演出服裝的色彩表現(xiàn)（例如寬松式裙裝的顏色或佩戴的裝飾織物的顏色），因此，她主要

38、通過手臂的不斷運動來展示舞蹈，有時也摻雜一些隱藏在她舞裙之下的手杖表演。譯prison 音 標p riznn.，監(jiān)禁中英例a place of confinement especially for lawbreakersDavis was temporarily chained in his prison cell during the early days of histwo-year imprisonment.4在戴維斯被的兩年中，一開始他是暫時被鎖在牢房里的。譯privately 音 標p ra ivtli 詞 頻4adv. 私下地，地中英intended for or restrict

39、ed to the use of a particular person, group, or classprobe 音 標probn. 調(diào)查，查究探測器 v. 用探針測，探測詳細調(diào)查an investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities; a space probe;The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle of a comet develops from arelatively small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and

40、 dust was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the European Giotto probe of the nucleus of Halleys Comet.最有效的圖像證據(jù)是在1986年由歐洲的喬托探測器獲得的關于哈雷彗星核心的特寫圖像，此證據(jù)表明，彗星壯觀的景象是從相對較小且不顯眼的冰塊兒和塵埃那里產(chǎn)生的。中英4例譯proliferation 音 標prlifreinn. 增殖，擴散to grow by rapid production of news parts, cells, buds, or offspringThe conti

41、nued proliferation of banks made it easier for those without cash tonegotiate loans in paper money.銀行數(shù)量不斷快速增加使得那些沒有現(xiàn)金的人更容易獲得貸款（以銀行票據(jù)的形式）。中英例4譯providence 音 標p r :vidns 詞 頻4n. 天意，天命；遠見the care, guardianship, and control exercised by a deity; foresight中英publicize 音 標pblisaizv. 宣傳，公布，廣告to bring to the a

42、ttention of the publicAs a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grownfoods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.因此，那些認為只食用有機食品就能預防或是治療疾病，又或是有益身體健康的觀點中英例4譯廣為流傳，成為的基礎。qualitativeadj.

43、 性質上的，定性的中詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻詞 頻of, relating to, or involving quality or kindPerhaps the explanation goes back to some ideas raised by influential Swisspsychologist Jean Piaget-namely, that children under age two years represent events in a qualitatively different form than older children do.英 音 標k w l ttiv4也

44、許對這個問題的解釋可以追溯到具有影響力的心理學家 Jean Piaget，他認為兩歲以下的兒童與大于兩歲的兒童相比回憶的方式有質的不同。quarry 音 標k w :rin. 采石場；獵獲物； v. 挖出，開采；苦心找出an open excavation or pit from which stone is obtained by digging, cutting, or blasting; a heap of the game killed in a hunt;Using only stone and wood tools, and without benefit of wheels or

45、 draftanimals, the builders quarried ton upon ton of sandstone from the canyon walls, cut it into small blocks, hauled the blocks to the construction site, and fitted them together with mud mortar.建筑工人們只用石制工具和木制工具，沒有汽車，也沒有可以馱負重物的牲口，從峽谷峭壁開采大量沙石，并將它們切割成小塊運回建筑工地，再與泥灰漿混合。英4radiator 音 標re id ie it rn. 暖氣

46、片，散熱器，輻射體one that radiatesThis is the same arrangement found in an old-fashioned steam radiator, inwhich the coiled pipes pass heat back and forth as water courses through them.在老式蒸汽暖氣片上有著相同的（結構）布置，當水迅速流過暖氣片時，蛇形管在其英4中地傳遞熱量。radiusn. 半徑a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to

47、the circumference or bounding surfaceIn 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the oldbusiness district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles.例如，1850年時波士頓郊區(qū)距老商業(yè)中心僅兩英里，到世紀之交，這個半徑擴大了十英里。英 音 標re id js4rag 音 標n. 破布，碎布，抹布a waste piece of clothThe older ra

48、g paper was made by hand and was consequently expensive andscarce.早先的布漿紙由手工制造，因此昂貴而稀缺。英r g4readiness 音 標redinsn. 準備就緒，預備the state of having being made ready or prepared for use or actionBy this means, they signal their level of aggression or readiness to mate.英4通過這種方式，它們可以發(fā)出關于它們的攻擊水平和意愿的信號。recurrenc

49、en. 再現(xiàn)，再發(fā)生，to occur up again for considerationThe periodic table is a chart that reflects the periodic recurrence of chemical英 音 標rik :rns詞 頻例中詞 頻例譯中譯詞 頻例中譯例詞 頻中譯詞 頻例中譯例詞 頻中譯詞 頻例4and physical properties of the elements when the elements are arranged inorder of increasing atomic number (the number of

50、 protons in the nucleus).元素周期表是一張反映原子序數(shù)（原子核中的質子數(shù)）逐漸增長的元素化學性質和物理性質的周期性循環(huán)的圖表。譯refreezing 音 標rifri:zi adj. 再凍結freeze againWith further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfallabove, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn.隨

51、著進一步的融化、再結冰，以及由其上方新的降雪所帶來的重量的增加，這些積雪變成一種顆粒狀的再次結晶的階段下的中間物，這種中間物介于小薄片與冰塊之間， 被稱作萬年雪。中英例4譯relieve 音 標rili:v 詞 頻4v. 減輕，解除to free from a burden中英representation 音 標reprizenteinn. 陳述，表現(xiàn)，表示法the avt or representing or the state of being representedEventually such dramatic representations were separated from r

52、eligiousactivities.中英例4最后這些戲劇表演從活動中分離了出來。譯repudiate 音 標rip ju :d ie itv. 拒絕，否認to refuse to have anything to do withThe worker was bound to the master by a mutual contract that either onecould repudiate, and the relationship was conceptualized as one of partnership.工人和雇主因為共同合約而聯(lián)系在一起，這一合約雙方中任何一方都能拒絕履行

53、，而且這種關系在概念上變成一種合伙關系。中英例4譯resemblance 音 標rizem blnsn. 相像，相似the quality or state of resemblingThey bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists thinkthat they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys.它們和地球上河道系統(tǒng)有很大的相似之處，而且地質學家們認為，它們是消失已久的河流留下的干涸的河床，這些河流曾經(jīng)將火星上的雨水從高山攜帶到峽谷中。中英例4譯reshape 音 標ri: e ip v. 重新塑造，改造to give a new form o