非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解課件.ppt

1、Nonfinite verbs,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,1. to do 2.-ing 3.done,謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.,單謂語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+ v.,系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)：無(wú)人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。

2、 e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work.,非謂語(yǔ),不定式（to do),V-ing,V-ed,as a noun,as adj. or adv.,現(xiàn)在分詞,動(dòng)名詞,過(guò)去分詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 的分類,使用條件,一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的,Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to

3、see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗爭(zhēng)。),找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）,高考熱點(diǎn),一、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)： 1. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示泛指的、一般的行為; 不定式 做

4、主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作。 e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不 定式短語(yǔ)后置。 e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 3. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句 尾。常見(jiàn)于以下句型中： Its use/ good / fun Its useful/ nice/ useless e.g Its nice seeing you agai

5、n.,辨析幾類情況：,1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned 2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused 3. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being

6、solved D. solving 4. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to 5. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it,二、不定式與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)：,1. 下列動(dòng)詞后常跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)： want, wish, hope, expect

7、, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。 e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us. They promised not to break the school rules again.,只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：,決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意能做被用來(lái)做的事 迫不及待下決心做過(guò)去常常未能做的事,決定想做計(jì)劃需要同意能做被用來(lái)做的事,deci

8、de to do sth. 決定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用來(lái)做,迫不及待下決心做過(guò)去常常未能做的事,cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事 used to do 過(guò)去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事,2. 在下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后常用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)： admit, adv

9、ise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from

10、), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。,只能接-ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：,喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí) 錯(cuò)過(guò)建議保持介意值得考慮 （押韻）,喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí),enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某

11、事 spend.doing sth. 花費(fèi)做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事,miss doing sth. 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth

12、. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事,錯(cuò)過(guò)建議保持介意值得考慮,介詞+doing,?？冀樵~: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等,be good at doing sth 擅長(zhǎng)做某事 be interested in doing sth. 對(duì)做某事感興趣 insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用來(lái)做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厭煩做某事 be afr

13、aid of doing sth. 害怕做某事,put off doing 推遲做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 without doing sth. 沒(méi)有做某事 think about doing sth. 考慮做某事 What How about doing 做某事怎么樣?,此to 非彼to,look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （習(xí)慣于） prefer doing

14、sth to doing sth.（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）,特殊詞精講:,stop doing/to do,stop to do停下來(lái)去做另一件事， stop doing停止正在做的某事。 Eg: 他們停下來(lái)吸煙。 They stop to smoke. 我必須戒煙了 I must stop smoking.,forget to do忘記要去做某事， forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。 Eg： 辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作 The light in the of

15、fice is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作） He forgot turning the light off.,forget doing/to do,remember doing/to do,remember to do 記得去做某事 remember doing記得做過(guò)某事 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Remember to go to the post office after school. 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎? Dont you remember seeing the man before?,go o

16、n doing/to do,go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事， go on doing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。 Eg： 做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí) Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.,try doing/ to do sth.,try to do sth. 努力, 盡力做某事 Although maths is difficult, I

17、will try to study it . try doing sth. 試著做某事 The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.,小試牛刀,1. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not

18、 C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep _ until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying,4. -Are you enjoying _in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 5 We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A

19、. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed,6. He gave us some advice on how _ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn 7. It s a pay day, and they are waiting _. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid 8. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September

20、. Ato be heard B. to be hearing Cto hear D. to have heard,9. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing 10. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to

21、have done D. having done 11 . She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,12.Martin looks so well. Weve never seen him _ so well before. A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look 13.My father has decided _ because smoking is bad

22、for his health. A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke 14 It is kind _ me to carry these books. A. of you helping B. for you to help C. of you to help D. for you helping,15. Would you like _ some bread or biscuits? No thanks. I dont feel like anything now. A. to

23、have, eating B. to have, to eat C. having, to eat D. having, eating 16. Do you remember me, Tom? Ah, yes, I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing,三、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ),1. 表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時(shí)，不定式和動(dòng)名 詞可以互換。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. 2. 若表示具體

24、的、個(gè)別的動(dòng)作或有將來(lái)含義時(shí)，一般用 不定式。 e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)具有形容詞特征,也可以 作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news,1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 2.Some peoples greatest pleasure

25、 is _. A. fishingB. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish 3. The report was so _ that they were all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting 4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a little _.” A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome,四、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ),1. 不定式

26、做定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 2. 動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)往往說(shuō)明所修飾詞的某種用途，一般 放在被修飾詞的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣機(jī) a reading room（動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，= a room which is used for reading） 閱覽室

27、,3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去 分詞作定語(yǔ)則表示被動(dòng)、或完成的意義。單個(gè)分詞 或形容詞性的分詞作定語(yǔ)往往放在被修飾詞的前 面；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)多置于被修飾詞后面。 e.g. the rising sun（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太陽(yáng) the changing world（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)，= the world which is changing）變化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的電影 excited voice激動(dòng)的聲音 （形容詞性分詞作定語(yǔ)） fallen leaves 落葉 a broken cup

28、一個(gè)破了的杯子 （過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)則表示被動(dòng)、或完成）,1. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending 2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered 3. The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success. A. being hel

29、d B. to be held C. held D. to hold 4. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,5. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. teaching D. to be

30、teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ itself the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table D. which on the table,五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),1. 在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

31、語(yǔ)，“賓語(yǔ)+不定式”構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 有些動(dòng)詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶to，還有的帶與不帶都可以。 以下動(dòng)詞后常跟帶符號(hào)to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。 e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來(lái)接受這個(gè)職位。,接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

32、足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞口訣：,請(qǐng)求與命令 想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議 答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助,請(qǐng)求與命令,ask sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,想要邀請(qǐng)期待鼓勵(lì)與建議,want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事,答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助,promise sb. to do 答應(yīng)某人做某事

33、 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事, 有些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后常跟不帶符號(hào)to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常表動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過(guò)程。 e.g. We noticed him enter the house. 我們留意到他進(jìn)了

34、那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板讓他們一天干12小時(shí)工作。,省略to的情況:,使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后：一感二聽(tīng)三讓四看 feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice had better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做 why not /why dont you do sth為什么不做? help sb.（to）do sth Would rather寧愿做 would you please 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do 助動(dòng)詞+do,牛刀

35、小試,1.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 2.Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room . A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 3.I watched her _ in the next room last night . A.dancing B.

36、to dance C. dances D. dance 4.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went 5.Youd better _a bus . A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching,6. The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. get 7. Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd. A. disappear B

37、. to disappear C. disappears D. disappeared 8. Birds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分兩種情況： 形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： e.g. I find the book very interesting. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） The boy is found very annoying. 發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)小男孩很令人討厭。（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） 動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng) 詞，如

38、see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事”。 e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看見(jiàn)他正經(jīng)過(guò)一家銀行。（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） He was seen working in the garden. 有人看見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）,1. He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C.

39、 waiting D. waited 2. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 3. Having read the Emperors New Clothes, we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest,區(qū)分下列詞組:,see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do

40、sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth.,感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel,+ do表示動(dòng)作的完整性， +doing 表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性。 注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省去to。,3. 過(guò)去分詞(done)做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，其前的賓語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 若是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，既表示被動(dòng)，也可以表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）。 若是不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，則只表示完成。 句子由主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 The boss found his pl

41、an carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (賓補(bǔ)) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主補(bǔ)),1. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again 2. When she returned home, she f

42、ound the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 3. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear,六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ),1. 不定式做狀語(yǔ)，主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因以及評(píng)論 性狀語(yǔ)。 不定式往往放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。 e.g. She was surprised to

43、see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆進(jìn)來(lái)，她很驚訝。 不定式可以單獨(dú)作目的狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性， 在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。 e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows., 不定式表結(jié)果，常用在too to, enough to結(jié)構(gòu)中。 有時(shí)不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurrie

44、d to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return. 有些不定式是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的，放在 句子之外，修飾整個(gè)句子，我們稱之為評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，我們不同意。,六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ),1. I have enjoyed

45、my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left 2. I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方 式、目的以及作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)等。 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，往往表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，往往表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。 e.g. Hearing the news, they al