international business chapter1.ppt

1、chapter 1,國 際 貿(mào) 易,International Trade,Instructor:Pan Yaqiong,E-mail: ,chapter 1,2004年世界前十大貿(mào)易國,資料來源：世界貿(mào)易組織,單位：億美元,視頻：中國出口居全球第二,chapter 1,新聞報道,2010年中國可能超過美國 成世界第一大貿(mào)易國(來源：網(wǎng)易新聞，2007-05-02 15:12 ) 本報訊 (記者 徐海星 駱建基) 到2010年，中國的外貿(mào)總額有可能超過美國，成為世界第一大貿(mào)易大國。 超越德國：貿(mào)易大國再上新臺階隨著中國經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)增長，中國對外貿(mào)易走勢紅火。根據(jù)海關(guān)總署統(tǒng)計，今年一季度，中國進出

2、口總值4577.4億美元，貿(mào)易順差接近500億美元，“中國制造”行銷全世界，中國貿(mào)易大國的地位日漸穩(wěn)固。記者昨從國家商務(wù)部國際貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟合作研究院獲悉，預(yù)計今年我國的進出口貿(mào)易總額能夠達到2.1萬億美元，增速在20%左右，這意味著中國將超過德國，成為世界第二大貿(mào)易國，而到2010年，中國的外貿(mào)總額有可能超過美國，成為世界第一大貿(mào)易大國。,視頻：世界經(jīng)濟全球化,chapter 1,全球化對企業(yè)的影響,中國企業(yè)實體受金融危機影響出現(xiàn)倒閉第一案 全球最大玩具代工商之一合俊集團旗下兩工廠倒閉，6500名員工面臨失業(yè)!這是受金融危機影響，中國實體企業(yè)倒閉規(guī)模最大的案例。合俊是港資上市公司，在玩具界舉足輕重

3、，世界玩具五大品牌中，合俊已是其中三個品牌的制造商。這樣大型的公司的工廠，怎么會突然倒閉？ 玩具行業(yè)資深人士分析，全球經(jīng)濟放緩，受金融危機沖擊，盡管該企業(yè)技術(shù)和規(guī)模在業(yè)內(nèi)都處領(lǐng)先地位，但在這場廣泛波及中國出口制造業(yè)的危機面前，合俊集團同樣 “未能規(guī)避行業(yè)及業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境造成的問題?！?有專家分析指出，“合俊集團東莞樟木頭工廠的產(chǎn)品主要銷往美國，其倒閉顯然是受金融風(fēng)暴和次貸沖擊，從影響和知名度來看，這可以說是美國金融危機波及中國實體經(jīng)濟企業(yè)關(guān)閉的第一案?！?2008.10.16,視頻：合俊倒閉,chapter 1,Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to Internatio

4、nal Trade,chapter 1,1.1 What is International Trade about?,1.1.1 Definition International trade, also called world trade or overseas trade, in essence, is the fair and deliberate exchange of commodity and service across national boundaries. It includes import and export trade operations.,chapter 1,1

5、.1.2 The History of “IT”,Feudal Society,Primitive Society,Slavery Society,Capitalist Society,Socialist Society,視頻：唐朝的對外貿(mào)易,chapter 1,1.1.3 Reasons for “IT”,課后閱讀：P1-P3,chapter 1,1.1.4 Problems Concerning “IT”,Cultural Problems,Monetary Conversion,Trade Barriers,Problems,chapter 1,1.2 What should we le

6、arn “IT”?,chapter 1,Classical Trade Theory,Theory of Absolute Advantage,Theory of Comparative Advantage,Neoclassical Trade Theory,Heckscher-Ohlin Model,Modern Trade Theory,Intra-industry Trade Theory,Product Life Cycle Theory,New Factor Theory,Leontief Paradox,Free Trade Theory,Economics of Scale an

7、d IT,Imperfect Competition and IT,chapter 1,Protectionism Trade Theory,The Mercantilism Infant Industry Theory Strategic Trade Theory,chapter 1,貿(mào)易理論與學(xué)說,馬克思主義的貿(mào)易理論,西方傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易理論,西方當(dāng)代的 貿(mào)易理論,西方的保護貿(mào)易理論,國際分工理論,國際價值理論,國際價格理論,比較優(yōu)勢理論 絕對優(yōu)勢理論,生產(chǎn)要素稟賦理論,規(guī)模經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易理論,產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易理論,產(chǎn)品生命周期理論,經(jīng)濟一體化理論,跨國公司理論,重商主義,幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)保護理論,戰(zhàn)略貿(mào)易理論,

8、chapter 1,1.2.2 the Policy of “IT”,Free Trade Policy,Protectionism Trade Policy,International Cooperation (WTO),chapter 1,貿(mào)易政策與措施,發(fā)展演變,關(guān)稅壁壘,資本主義確立時期,自由競爭時期,壟斷時期,當(dāng)代 發(fā)達國家,當(dāng)代發(fā)展 中國家,非關(guān)稅壁壘,鼓勵出口與出口管制,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化,貿(mào)易條約與協(xié)定,世界貿(mào)易組織,chapter 1,1.2.3 the Practices of “IT”,4.Payment in “IT”,6.Claim and Arbitration,5.S

9、hipping and Insurance,2.Quality, Quantity and Packing of Commodity,3.Trade Terms,1.General Procedures of “IT”,practices,chapter 1,1.3 Fundamental Knowledge of “IT”,1.3.1 Basic Conception Exporting & Importing Exporting : Sending goods to another country or region for sale or trade. Importing : Bring

10、ing in goods from another country or region for sale or trade.,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Balance of Trade The difference between the value of merchandise exports and the value of merchandise imports for a nation during a given period of time. Balance of trade = X-M XExport M=Import Favorable

11、balance (Surplus)X-M0 Unfavorable balance (Deficit)X-M0,chapter 1,Unfavorable balance (Deficit) The amount by which money flowing out of the country exceeds the money flowing into the country during a given period of time. Favorable balance (Surplus) The amount by which money flowing into of the cou

12、ntry exceeds the money flowing out the country during a given period of time.,? Evaluation ( Which one is good, surplus or deficit? ),chapter 1,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Value of Trade The value of trade is the total amount of a nations foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and expor

13、t within a certain period. Value of Foreign Trade Value of International Trade Volume of Trade The volume of trade is the value of international trade without the influence of the factor of price fluctuations.,貿(mào)易額：又叫貿(mào)易值，是一個用貨幣表示的反應(yīng)貿(mào)易規(guī)模的指標(biāo)。,對外貿(mào)易額：指一個國家在一定時期（如一年）出口貿(mào)易額和進口貿(mào)易貿(mào)易額之和，也稱進出口貿(mào)易總額或進出口總額。它是反映一國對

14、外貿(mào)易規(guī)模的重要指標(biāo)之一。,國際貿(mào)易額：專指世界各國出口貿(mào)易額的總和。,貿(mào)易量：是用進出口商品的計量單位（如數(shù)量、重量等）表示的反映貿(mào)易規(guī)模的指標(biāo)。由于剔除了價格變動對貿(mào)易額的影響，因此可以確切反映一國對外貿(mào)易的實際規(guī)模。,chapter 1,chapter 1,2000-2009年我國進出口狀況 (單位:億美元),chapter 1,The Terms of Trade =,The Index of the Terms of Trade,1 Better off,1 No change,1 Worse off,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Terms of Trade,cha

15、pter 1,例如：以1990年為基準(zhǔn)年，其進出口價格指數(shù)均為100；而1991年出口價格上漲7%，進口價格下降3%，即1991年出口價格指數(shù)為107，進口價格指數(shù)為97，則 貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)=107/97*100=110.3 即貿(mào)易條件改善程度為10.3%。,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Direction of Trade,Refers to the particular countries and kinds of countries toward which a countrys exports are sent, and from which its

16、imports are brought, in contrast to the commodity composition of its exports and imports.,對外貿(mào)易地理方向, 又稱對外貿(mào)易地區(qū)分布或國別結(jié)構(gòu)，指一定時期內(nèi)各個國家或國家集團在一國對外貿(mào)易中所占有的地位，通常以它們在該國進出口總額或進出口總額中的比重來表示。 出口方向=對某國的出口額/該國出口總額100% 進口方向=對某國的進口額/該國進口總額100%,chapter 1,2006年中國出口貿(mào)易地區(qū)分布,chapter 1,2006年中國進口貿(mào)易地區(qū)分布,chapter 1,2008年7月中國前十位貿(mào)易伙伴

17、,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Composition of Trade The composition of trade refers to the composition of all kinds of goods in a countrys import and export. This index usually reflects the level of economic development, the industrial structure of a nation or the whole world.,對外貿(mào)易的商品結(jié)構(gòu)是指一國在一定時期（

18、如一年）內(nèi)各類進出口商品在進出口貿(mào)易總額所占的比重。一國出口商品構(gòu)成取決于它的國民經(jīng)濟狀況、自然資源狀況以及對外經(jīng)濟政策等因素。,chapter 1,The Change of Trade Structure by Product, China,chapter 1,The composition of Chinas import & export commodities on July, 2008,chapter 1,2007年中國出口貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)圖,chapter 1,2007年中國進口貿(mào)易商品結(jié)構(gòu)圖,chapter 1,1.3.1 Basic Conception,Dependence D

19、egree of Trade D = ( X+M ) / GDP * 100% X-export M-import ? Thinking ：which condition is better for a country, big or small？,對外貿(mào)易依存度, 也稱對外貿(mào)易系數(shù)，是指一國在一定時期內(nèi)的對外貿(mào)易總額（進口額與出口額之和）在該國國民生產(chǎn)總值（或國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）中所占的比重。反映了一國對國際市場的依賴程度。,chapter 1,chapter 1,1990年和2003年世界各國貿(mào)易依存度（%）,chapter 1,1.3.2 Classify of “IT”,According

20、to the direction Export Trade Import Trade Transit Trade An area in a port of entry in a coastal country that is established as a storage and distribution center for the convenience of a neighboring country which lacks adequate port facilities or access to the sea.,chapter 1,According to the natural

21、 character,Tangible (Visible) Trade (Merchandise Trade) Imports, exports and re-exports of merchandise. Intangible (Invisible) Trade (Commercial Service Trade) Items such as freight, insurance and financial services that are included in a countrys balance of payments accounts (in the current account

22、), even though they are not recorded as physically visible exports and imports.,chapter 1,According to the Frontier,General Trade Special Trade In the general trade system the statistical territory of a country coincides with its economic territory. In special trade systems the statistical territory

23、 comprises only a a particular part of the economic territory, for example where there are free circulation areas or free zones“.,chapter 1,General Trade & Special Trade,chapter 1,According to Whether the 3rd Party Attending or not,Direct Trade Indirect Trade Entrepot Trade The import and export of

24、goods which receive no further processing but are distributed from the entrepot facility which is chosen for its location and lack of restrictions on trade.,chapter 1,Producing Area （China）,Hong Kong,Consumer Area （USA）,Export Trade,Entrepot Trade,Import Trade,Direct Trade,Indirect Trade,Indirect Tr

25、ade,Direct Trade & Indirect Trade,chapter 1,According to the Standard of Economy Development,Vertical Trade : also call North-South Trade, the exchange of goods and services between developed countries (the North) and developing countries (the South). Horizontal Trade : The trade between the countri

26、es or groups which have a similar lever of economic growth.,chapter 1,According to the Method of Settlement,Trade with Foreign Exchange Barter Trade of goods or services without the use of money.,chapter 1,1.4 How to Learn?,1.4.1 Reference Books and Magazines 國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)英語（第二版）熊偉武大出版社 國際貿(mào)易教程（第二版）高成興 人大出版

27、社 國際經(jīng)濟學(xué)(第五版)保羅.克魯格曼， 人大出版社 國際經(jīng)濟學(xué)（英文版）Robert J.Carbaugh 機械工業(yè)出版社 國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)黎孝先 對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)出版社 國際貿(mào)易陳同仇、薛榮久 對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)出版社 國際貿(mào)易海聞、P林德特、王新奎 年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則(Incoterm2000) 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例（UCP600）,chapter 1,1.4.1 Reference Books and Magazines,國際貿(mào)易 國際貿(mào)易問題 國際經(jīng)貿(mào)探索 世界貿(mào)易組織動態(tài)與研究 國際經(jīng)濟評論 世界經(jīng)濟與政治 對外經(jīng)濟與國際貿(mào)易,chapter 1,1.4.2 Information Sites,1.商務(wù)部： 2.世界貿(mào)易組織：/ 3.中國國際貿(mào)易發(fā)展網(wǎng)：