新視界大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2 unit6

1、,Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are losers,Warming up, Work in pairs. Read the quotations and discuss the questions.,Warming up,Warming up,1 Which quotations mean more or less the same thing? 2 Which one is optimistic?,The first and second quotations are close in meaning, with No 3 not far off. The

2、fifth and sixth quotations consider the body and mind apart and give a higher moral value to the latter.,The Oprah Winfrey quote is about increasing our well-being. The Gandhi quote refers to some pretty unpleasant circumstance, but does express faith in the human spirit.,Warming up,3 Which quotatio

3、n do you agree with, and why? 4 Which one do you like best, and why?,The fourth quotation impresses me as true. There is so much we do not understand about the mind. Thats not only true scientifically. There are depths that are not available to our consciousness.,I like the ones using metaphors. Fre

4、uds metaphor is clever and Oprah Winfreys makes the meaning easy to understand and personal.,Warming up,Work in pairs and complete the lyrics of the Song “Never Give up on a Dream” by Rod Steward.,If theres doubt and youre cold,dont you worry _.Weve gotta have heroes to teach us all to never give up

5、 on a dream.Claim the road, touch the sun,No force on earth _.When your heart bursts like the sun Never, never give up on a dream.,what the future holds,could stop you run,Warming up, Look at the quotation in the first line of the passage and answer the question about yourself.,If you cant get somet

6、hing you want badly, do you _? (a) keep trying and get more motivated (b) keep trying, but get depressed (c) give up trying but regret it (d) give up trying and forget it,Now read the passage and compare your idea with the writers.,Skimming, Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea ab

7、out it. Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 119.,Task,Skimming, Choose the best definition.,1. A quitter is someone who _. (a) doesnt know what they want to do in life (b) gets depressed easily (c) knows when to give up trying (d) keeps on trying even when they have no hope of success,2

8、. A bulldog is someone who _. (a) keeps on trying because they find it difficult to accept failure (b) gives up very easily (c) usually succeeds in the end in what they want to do (d) is psychologically stronger than most people,c,a,Skimming, Answer the questions.,1 What is a “never-say-die” spirit?

9、 A “never-say-die” spirit is one of determination no matter what the odds are. 2 What did psychologists Miller and Wrosch set out to do? Miller and Wrosch developed a way to find the characteristics of Bulldogs and Quitters. 3 What did their findings show? Quitters are generally healthier than Bulld

10、ogs.,Skimming,4 In what way do Bulldogs suffer more than Quitters? Bulldogs suffer more from minor illnesses and long periods of stress. 5 What might happen when a Bulldog finally gives up on an ambition? Bulldogs might begin to pursue new goals after they give up on an ambition. 6 What is the conne

11、ction between depression and the survival of the species? It may be a way of telling our bodies to slow down, to analyze the situation and be cautious. Meanwhile, we are more realistic about the world. Therefore, it will help preserve our human species.,Skimming,7 Why is it important for young peopl

12、e to set themselves goals? Because it is part of cultivating an individual identity in the world. 8 Why is it important to be prepared to change those goals? Because we may find the goals are unattainable or be attracted to some new goals. 9 What is the connection between setting goals and the survi

13、val of the species? Because we are constantly adjusting or abandoning the goals, changing priorities. In this process, we grow up.,Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are losers,譯文,Digging,1 “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again,” said the comic actor, W C Fields, “Then quit. Theres no point in b

14、eing a damn fool about it.”,2 Well, yes, up to a point, but we all know that theres a right and a wrong time to quit. According to new research, people who know when to give up on impossible goals, the so-called “quitters”, are physically and mentally healthier than “bulldogs” who persist at any cos

15、t.,Digging,3 Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America, our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties. This never-say-die spirit is best represented by the 19th-century saying, “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again.” But

16、are there times when its simply better to give up?,譯文,Digging,4 There has been considerable research about this question and specifically about the possible link between determination and health. On the one hand, it seems that persistence and self-discipline increase the chance youll succeed in the

17、long term, and that personal success is closely linked to well-being. Think of successful people you know personally, and look back over their lives. Have they always been clear about where theyre going in their lives, and now that they have arrived, are they happy and healthy? Some are, perhaps.,譯文

18、,Digging,5 But what if success is very doubtful? For example, like an average athlete becoming an Olympic gold medal winner? Can exhibiting too much determination have a negative effect on your health?,譯文,Digging,6 In a sequence of psychological experiments, scientists Gregory Miller and Carsten Wro

19、sch developed a way of distinguishing between two categories of people, Bulldogs and Quitters. The findings showed that Quitters are generally healthier than Bulldogs. Miller and Wrosch looked at relatively minor illnesses such as skin disorders, poor sleep and headaches, and discovered that Quitter

20、s differed from Bulldogs by suffering less. Furthermore, the Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress, during which they had a higher level of a protein which could indicate several serious diseases, including killers like diabetes and heart disease.,譯文,Digging,7 The scientists also n

21、oted that the Bulldogs distinguished themselves from the Quitters by showing how willing they were to pursue new goals after they gave up on something important. They found that people who readily jumped back into life had a greater sense of purpose and were less likely to think about the past. Sett

22、ing new goals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure, especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat.,譯文,Digging,8 So why do Bulldogs finally say, “Enough is enough”? In fact, it appears that their physical recovery comes through mild depression. Some go th

23、rough a period of passive behaviour, during which they shut down. But on the positive side, theyre forced to stop and assess their lives again. Gradually they become more realistic about the world. In terms of human evolution, scientists think that depression is what told our bodies to slow down, to

24、 analyze the situation and to be cautious. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.,譯文,Digging,9 Its definitely important to set oneself goals. For young people, its part of cultivating an individual identity in the world. But as we

25、 grow older, were liable to adjust these aspirations or abandon them when we find that either we cannot achieve them or other, more important targets attract us. We abandon our plans for a glorious career because we feel it more desirable to attend to the demands of our young family. We choose not t

26、o continue our studies because we need to earn a living. Consequently, we find other, more feasible objectives in our lives, which are more appropriate to our circumstances than our previous ones. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up.,譯文,Digging,10 Maybe we should rew

27、rite the saying. How about “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. But if you dont succeed, you dont always fail. Listen to your body and your mind. Thats where youll find your success as a human being. Thats where the survival of the species lies.”,譯文,Digging,End,Main idea of the text,1. Sin

28、ce the Founding Fathers arrived in America, our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties. (Line 1, Para 3),From the time Europeans first arrived in North America, they have been telling their children they must be strong to face dif

29、ficulties and overcome them. This attitude has been very intense in American culture both because of the type of Protestant Christianity (基督教中的新教) the early settlers believed in, and the obvious difficulties and dangers they faced in settling on a new continent with so little known and so many enemi

30、es.,Difficult sentences,Difficult sentences,2. Setting new goals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure, especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat. (Line 8, Para 7),The consequences could include feelings of low self-esteem, inadequacy or reluctance to

31、 try anything similar to the failed activity. It helps us to recover if we set new goals and get on with life as we dont have to feel burdened by the previous defeat. This is especially true of the Bulldog type of character as they find giving up especially stressful and depressing. Of course, they

32、also get most out of having a new aim to pursue as that is in their nature.,Difficult sentences,3. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species. (Line 11, Para 8),When we cannot do something, we feel depressed. The depression stops us fr

33、om trying again, makes us put aside unrealistic goals like getting an Olympic gold medal, gives us a chance to re-evaluate our situation and try something attainable. This protects us from damaging ourselves trying to do what is beyond us.,Difficult sentences,4. For young people, its part of cultiva

34、ting an individual identity in the world. (Line 2, Para 9),People have different goals this is what makes people different. Without different ambitions young people would all be the same.,Difficult sentences,5. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up. (Line 14, Para 9),W

35、e lose our dreams as we age, but also become more mature and realistic.,quitter,釋義,n. C (infml) someone who is likely to stop trying if they have problems or are not successful immediately 輕易放棄的人,例句,Im not a quitter, but this job is starting to affect my health.,我不是一個(gè)遇困難就放棄的人，只是這個(gè)工作開(kāi)始影響我的健康了。,翻譯,Wor

36、ds,例句,The coach had no respect for quitters.,教練瞧不起半途而廢的人。,翻譯,釋義,n. C 頑強(qiáng)的人；永不言棄的人；C 斗牛犬；叭喇狗,例句,He is the kind of bulldog reporter that you do not find very much these days.,他是你近年來(lái)很難遇到的那種窮追不舍的記者。,翻譯,Words,bulldog,comic,釋義1,a. (only before noun) relating to comedy 喜劇的,例句,He worked as a comic actor.,他是一

37、名喜劇演員。,翻譯,Words,例句,Many of the scenes in the book are richly comic.,書中很多情景充滿喜劇色彩。,翻譯,釋義2,例句,The novel is comic and tragic.,這部小說(shuō)既好笑又帶有悲劇色彩。,翻譯,Words,例句,Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments.,大部分旅途都有激動(dòng)人心或令人開(kāi)懷的時(shí)刻。,翻譯,comic,damn,釋義,a. (only before noun) used for emphasizing what you are sayi

38、ng, especially when you are annoyed about something 該死的；討厭的,例句,Its damn cold in here.,這兒真冷。,翻譯,Words,例句,翻譯,I cant get this damn button undone!,我解不開(kāi)這個(gè)該死的扣子！,釋義1,vi. to continue to do or say something in a determined way 堅(jiān)持；執(zhí)意,例句,翻譯,Words,例句,She persisted in taking her dog with her.,翻譯,她執(zhí)意要帶她的狗一起去。,Do

39、es he always persist in his opinion like that?,他老是那樣固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)嗎？,persist,釋義2,vi. (fml) to continue to exist 繼續(xù)存在；持續(xù),例句,Despite official denials, the rumours persisted.,盡管官方否認(rèn)，謠言仍在繼續(xù)流傳。,翻譯,Words,例句,The pain persisted for months, even though the injury had healed.,雖然受傷的地方已經(jīng)愈合，但是疼痛還是持續(xù)了數(shù)月。,翻譯,persist,determi

40、nation,釋義,n. U the refusal to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do 堅(jiān)定；決心,例句,She has shown great determination and skill.,她表現(xiàn)出了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的決心和技能。,翻譯,Words,例句,His determination to marry her is now much stronger than ever.,他比以前更加堅(jiān)決地想要娶她了。,翻譯,considerable,釋義,a. large in size, amount, o

41、r degree 相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)多的,例句,Doing it properly makes considerable demands on our time.,把這事做好需要花費(fèi)我們相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間。,翻譯,Words,例句,A considerable amount of time and money was spent on the project.,相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間和金錢都花在這項(xiàng)工程上了。,翻譯,真題,Writing is a slow process, requiring considerable thought, time, and effort. (Jun., 1996. CET-4,

42、Vocabulary and Structure),釋義,n. C a connection between two or more people, places, facts, or events, especially when one is affected or caused by the other 關(guān)聯(lián)，聯(lián)系,例句,These projects will provide vital links between companies and universities.,這些項(xiàng)目將會(huì)為公司和大學(xué)搭建重要的紐帶。,翻譯,Words,例句,The statistics show a clea

43、r link between social class and crime.,翻譯,統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字明確顯示了社會(huì)階級(jí)與犯罪之間的關(guān)系。,link,真題,Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. (Jun., 2003. CET-4, Reading Comprehension),exhibit,釋義1,vt. to show a particular feeling, quality, ability, or form of behaviour 表露；表現(xiàn)出,例句,He has exhibited

44、symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.,他表現(xiàn)出焦慮和過(guò)分擔(dān)心的跡象。,翻譯,Words,例句,Our soldiers exhibited great bravery in the battle.,我們的戰(zhàn)士在戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)出極大的勇敢。,翻譯,釋義2,vt. to put something interesting in a museum or other public place so that people can go and look at it 展出；展覽,例句,翻譯,Words,Davids going to exhibit his

45、roses at the flower show.,戴維準(zhǔn)備在花展中展出自己的玫瑰花。,例句,翻譯,The art gallery will exhibit some of Dalis paintings.,美術(shù)館將展覽達(dá)利的部分繪畫作品。,exhibit,sequence,釋義,n. C, U a set of related things that happen or are arranged in a particular order 一連串；連續(xù),例句,翻譯,Words,例句,翻譯,We had to follow a complex sequence of movements.,我們

46、必須按順序完成一連串的復(fù)雜動(dòng)作。,A computer can store and repeat sequences of instructions.,一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)能夠儲(chǔ)存和重復(fù)一連串的指令。,distinguish,釋義,v. to recognize the differences between things 區(qū)分；辨別,例句,翻譯,Words,例句,翻譯,Please tell me how to distinguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one.,請(qǐng)告訴我如何區(qū)別毒蛇和無(wú)毒蛇。,Can you distinguish right fro

47、m wrong?,你能分清是非嗎?,真題,Another way to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. (Jun. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure ),category,釋義,n. C a group of people or things that have similar qualities 種類；類別,例句,翻譯,Words,There will be two winners in

48、 each category.,每一類將有兩個(gè)優(yōu)勝者。,例句,翻譯,The proposal would ban some categories of weapons.,這項(xiàng)提案將禁止某些種類的武器。,釋義,n. (pl) information that you discover or opinions that you form after doing research 發(fā)現(xiàn)；研究結(jié)果,例句,翻譯,Words,When the experiment is complete, include your findings in a report.,試驗(yàn)完成后，請(qǐng)把結(jié)果寫入報(bào)告。,真題,Rese

49、arch findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we would have done during the day. (Jan. 1999, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure ),例句,翻譯,We can apply his findings in new developments.,我們可將他的調(diào)查結(jié)果應(yīng)用于新的開(kāi)發(fā)中。,findings,differ,釋義,vi. to be different from something else 不同(于)；

50、有區(qū)別,例句,翻譯,Words,Hearts may agree, though heads differ.,諺 意見(jiàn)總有分歧，但其心則仍可能一致。,But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Cloze),真題,例句,翻譯,The weather often differs from one part of a state to another.,一個(gè)州內(nèi)各地區(qū)的天氣往往有差別。,indicate,釋義1,vt. to sho

51、w that something will happen, is true, or exists 表明；顯示,例句,翻譯,Words,測(cè)試結(jié)果將顯示治療是否成功。,Test results will indicate whether the treatment was successful.,例句,翻譯,煙囪冒煙說(shuō)明有人在家。,The smoke from the chimney indicated (that) someone was in the house.,Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of pati

52、ents do not take drugs as directed. (Jan. 1996, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),真題,釋義2,例句,翻譯,Words,市長(zhǎng)流露出了辭職之意。,The mayor indicated that he was to resign.,Both sides are indicating their willingness to restore diplomatic relations.,例句,翻譯,雙方都暗示愿意恢復(fù)外交關(guān)系。,vt. to express an intention, opinion, or wish i

53、n an indirect way 暗示；暗指,indicate,readily,釋義,例句,翻譯,Words,他欣然同意幫助我們渡過(guò)難關(guān)。,He readily agreed to help us out.,ad. in a way that shows that you are willing 樂(lè)意地,例句,翻譯,She readily discusses her science project but is reluctant to talk about herself.,她非常樂(lè)意討論她的科研項(xiàng)目，卻不愿談自己。,assess,釋義,vt. to carefully consider

54、a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgment 評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià),例句,翻譯,Words,我們的經(jīng)紀(jì)人會(huì)對(duì)你的房產(chǎn)進(jìn)行估價(jià)。,Our agent will assess the value of your property.,He assessed the damage caused by the earthquake at $500,000.,例句,翻譯,他估計(jì)地震所造成的損失為50萬(wàn)美元。,analyze,釋義,vt. to study or examine something in detail in order to u

55、nderstand or explain it 分析,例句,翻譯,Words,他們分析了這種金屬，發(fā)現(xiàn)是黃金。,They analyzed the metal and found it was gold.,例句,翻譯,我們正在努力分析哪里出了差錯(cuò)。,Were trying to analyze what went wrong.,cultivate,釋義1,vt. to develop something such as an attitude, ability, or skill 培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)成,例句,翻譯,Words,她試著以讀書陶冶心性。,She is trying to cultivate

56、her mind by reading.,例句,翻譯,該公司在打造專業(yè)形象方面非常成功。,The company have been successful in cultivating a very professional image.,釋義2,vt. to make land suitable for growing crops or plants 開(kāi)墾；耕作,The land here has been intensively cultivated for generations.,這片土地經(jīng)過(guò)了幾代人的密集耕作。,Phrases,例句,翻譯,Some of the land would

57、 be impossible to cultivate.,有些土地?zé)o法耕作。,例句,翻譯,cultivate,釋義,例句,翻譯,首相訪問(wèn)期間可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)抗議活動(dòng)。,liable,Phrases,Protests are liable to occur throughout the prime ministers visit.,例句,翻譯,缺乏睡眠你就容易出錯(cuò)。,Without sleep you are liable to make mistakes.,釋義1,vt. to stop something that you are doing or planning to do, especial

58、ly because it is too difficult to continue 中止，放棄,Phrases,例句,翻譯,The climbers finally abandoned their attempt on the mountain.,登山者們最終放棄了攀登這座山的嘗試。,例句,翻譯,The plans for reform were quietly abandoned.,改革的諸多計(jì)劃都悄無(wú)聲息地終止了。,abandon,釋義2,例句,翻譯,那輛轎車被發(fā)現(xiàn)丟棄在附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上。,The car was found abandoned in a nearby town.,Phr

59、ases,例句,翻譯,The heartless man abandoned his wife and children.,那個(gè)無(wú)情的男子遺棄了妻子和孩子。,abandon,釋義,例句,翻譯,大家都想獲得良好的教育。,desirable,A good education is highly desirable.,Phrases,例句,翻譯,Experience of marketing is highly desirable.,有市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷經(jīng)驗(yàn)者尤佳。,What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? (Jun. 2003, CET-4, Short Answer Questions ),真題,釋義,例句,翻譯,發(fā)電而不造成污染是完全可行的。,Its perfectly feasible to produce electricity without creating pollution.,Phrases,例句,翻譯,Your plan is not economically feasible.,你的計(jì)劃從經(jīng)濟(jì)上考慮是行不通的。,feasible,釋義,例句,翻譯,先前的房主沒(méi)