語法專題課件講義和練習--非謂語動詞.ppt

1、,Welcome,非謂語動詞,在句子中充當除謂語以外的 各種句子成分的 動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。,The Non-Finite Verbs,非謂語動詞的三種形式：動詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式。,非謂語 動詞,考 點,句 法 功 能,一、非謂語動詞的句法功能,二、非謂語動詞的考點 1、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別； 2、非謂語動詞作定語； 3、非謂語動詞作主語和表語； 4、非謂語動詞作賓語； 5、非謂語動詞作賓補； 6、非謂語動詞作狀語； 7、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動。,三、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別 高考題點擊： “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the

2、notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing.,disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,A,D,兩個動作之間用 and

3、 連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯；不用 and 連接時稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動詞作狀語，故C錯。,seized 和 took 是并列謂語，disappearing 是伴隨狀語。此題的關鍵是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，則三個動詞并列。,四、非謂語動詞作主語和表語 高考題點擊： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (上海) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to

4、 collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure,D,在 and 連接的并列句中，兩個主語要保持一致的形式。動名詞 fishing 和 collecting coins 分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣?！?非謂語動詞作主語時要注意以下兩個重要問題： 第一是并行結構問題，如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些結構： A) 在 Its no use (good;

5、value; importance) 等結構中只用動名詞作主語。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比較： Theres no need to tell him about it. B) 在 Its + adj. 結構中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型： Its + adj. for sb. to do Its + adj. of sb. to do,2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult. (N) A. not make

6、B. not to make C. not makingD. do not make,B,動詞不定式短語 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表語。非謂語動詞作表語時要特 別注意兩個問題:一是并行結構問題，二是時間問題。 一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時其表語應該用不定式。動名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。 另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。,五、非謂語動詞作定語 高考題點擊： 1. The flowers _ sweet

7、 in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （江蘇） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,B,C,該題的謂語動詞attract，“聞起來很香”用來作定語修飾主語 flowers。,“謀殺”只能被預謀，故

8、該用過去分詞作定語表示被動。,非謂語動詞作定語時要注意以下區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關系；而過去分詞作定語時與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。 動名詞作定語時只表示用途、場所等意義； 不定式作定語時要注意以下一些固定結構： 在 time, chance, right 等名詞后； 在序數(shù)詞后； 在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等詞后。 D)表示被動意義的非謂語動詞作定語時的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動作 being done 表示正在進行之中的動作,六、非謂語動詞作賓補 高考題點擊：

9、 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. ( N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to,A,為了避免重復，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. 有些動詞后面需要用不定式作賓補，除 tell 外，常見的還 有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendord

10、er permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等 特別注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等沒有賓補。,2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (N) A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning 3. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it doB. have it done C. have done i

11、tD. having it done,B,A,使役動詞 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改為被動語態(tài)后，則應為：be made / let to do。注意其它不帶 to 的動詞不定式的用法。,此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在從句中作 do 賓語，表示“人們讓計算機所做的事“應該用 people have a computer do 這一結構。需要注意的是 have 的幾個常用結構： have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. /sth.done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have sb. /

12、sth. to do,4. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A.playingB. to be playing C. playD. to play,A,感官性動詞后面的賓補若用省略to的不定式，則表示一個完整的動作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進行的動作。本句應理解為正在進行的動作。,七、非謂語動詞作賓語 高考題點擊： 1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. ( N) A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have

13、 met 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. ( N) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,C,B,注意：僅帶不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；,注意：動詞 know, show

14、等常帶疑問詞加 to do 作賓語。,3. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. ( 上海) A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time,B,僅帶動名詞作賓語的動詞為：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allo

15、w advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有關的人， 就只能用不定式作賓補。 在動詞 want, need, require, demand 等詞后加動名詞作賓語 時表示被動意義，相當于 to be done。,建議完成練習，喜歡考慮感激，想原諒過錯，允許介意逃避，拒絕承認拖延。,4. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. (上海春季) A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting,

16、A,特別注意帶不定式和動名詞作賓語時意義不同的動詞： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop,5. - I must apologize for _ ahead of time. - Thats all right. ( N) A. letting you not knowB. not letting you know C. letting you know notD. letting not you know 6. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he wa

17、s wrong. ( 上海春季) A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit,B,A,介詞的賓語一般都用動名詞，但有三個介詞 but (except) / than / be about 后要接不定式作賓語。,7. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. ( 北京) A. to solving making

18、B. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made,B,要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。admit to，be accustomed to 習慣于， be used to ，stick to ，turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等短語,八、非謂語動詞作狀語 高考題點擊： 1. In order to make our city green, _. (上海春季) A. it is ne

19、cessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,D,本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。,2. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lost C. LostD. To lose 3. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a

20、while to recover from the operation. (00 北京春季) A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given 4. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope,C,A,B,lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主語 he 為 lose 的賓語。,given 作狀語意為“考慮到”， 意思相當于 considering。,注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的 to

21、 get 。,九、非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動 高考題點擊： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. ( N) A. to go B. having gone C. goingD. to have gone 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. ( N) A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studying,D,A,本題的關鍵是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。,would love to have done 表示本想去做，但沒做成。,3. Do let you