英語詞組解析

1、for example 和such as 的區(qū)別這兩個短語都可以作例如解。 (1) for example用來舉例說明某一論點或情況,一般只舉同類人或物中的一個為例,作插入語,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如: Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如,球類運動已經(jīng)在世界各地傳播開了。 What would you do if you met a wild animal - a lion, for example? 如果遇上野獸,例如獅子,你該怎么辦? (2) such as用來列舉事物時,一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。

2、插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,as后面不可有逗號。例如: Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time. 有些廢物,如剩飯、廢紙和廢鐵,時間一久就爛掉了。for example就把他當成是插入語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不回受到這個插入語的影響，而such as可你把他理解成一個介詞的作用，介詞后面接名詞，動名詞。for example 只可以舉一個例子，且不可與etc連用,而such as常用來列舉同類人或同類事物的幾個為例,但不是全部,其后不加逗號.舉個例子1.Tom ,f

3、or example ,is my good friend.2.I have some good friends,such as Tom ,Kate,wangbin. 比較so和 such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)so + adj.

4、 + n. 不可數(shù)such +n. 不可數(shù)so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid progressso many people such a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。agree 的各種用法a

5、gree一般與with連用，agree with sb.，表示同意某人的觀點 agree vt. vi. 基本用法如下 1)單獨使用，表示同意、答應等。如： I asked him to help me and he agreed. 我請求他幫忙，他答應了。 After a short time, the program was agreed. 過了一會兒，這項計劃大家都同意了。 2)跟介詞with連用. 表示同意；贊成；與一致；(氣候，食物)適合。 例如：I quite agree with what you said. 我很同意你說的話。 I dont quite agree with t

6、heir methods(opinions, ideas). 我不太贊成他們的辦法(意見，想法)。 The verb must agree with the subject in person and number. 動詞在人稱和數(shù)上應與主語一致。 The enemy generals could not agree with one another; they quarrelled the whole night. 敵軍將領意見不一致，爭吵了一整夜。 3)跟介同to連用，表示同意；贊成(提議、安排、計劃等)。例如： I agree to the proposal(the plan). 我同意

7、這個提議(計劃)。 Do you agree to this arrangement？你贊成這個安排嗎？ I quite agree to their suggestions. 我很同意他們的建議。 4)與介詞on連用，表示對取得一致意見(主語往往是協(xié)商一件事的人們或單位，后面常接表示具體協(xié)議的文件、計劃、行動等名詞)。例如： The date for the next meeting was agreed on. 下次會議的日期達成了一致的協(xié)議。 They agreed on going there the following day. 他們一致同意第二天到那里去。 5)跟不定式作賓語，表示

8、同意做某事。例如： He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人來幫我們的忙。 She agreed to get everything ready before I come. 她同意在我到來之前把一切都準備好。 6)跟從句，表示一致認為、同意。例如： Most scientists agreed that computers cannot completely take the place of human beings. 大多數(shù)科學家一致認為，計算機不能完全代替人。 At last, the boss agreed that I should do

9、 the work. 最后，老板同意我來做這項工作。 5)跟不定式作賓語，表示同意做某事。例如： He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人來幫我們的忙。 She agreed to get everything ready before I come. 她同意在我到來之前把一切都準備好。 6)跟從句，表示一致認為、同意。例如： Most scientists agreed that computers cannot completely take the place of human beings. 大多數(shù)科學家一致認為，計算機不能完全代替人。 At

10、 last, the boss agreed that I should do the work. 最后，老板同意我來做這項工作。So do I 與 So I do一、So do I的用法該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，意為“也一樣”。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞 do 根據(jù)前文的情況也可換成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如：He passed the exam, and so did I. 他通過了考試，我也通過了考試。 又如：They went to the zoo yesterday. So did we.

11、 他們昨天去了動物園，我們也去了。但是如果前面所述情況為否定式，則用neither, nor引出倒裝句(此時不能用so)。如：He couldnt do it, and neither could she. 他做不了這事，她也做不了。He never comes late. Nor do I. 他從不遲到，我也從不遲到。二、So I do的用法該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于加強語氣，其意為“的確如此、確實如此”，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進一步強調(diào)并重復前句所述的內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一個人或物。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞 do 根據(jù)前文的情況也可換成 is, am, are, was, were, does

12、, did, can, could 等。如：He has done a good job. 他干得不錯。So he has. 他的確干得不錯。He will speak at the meeting tomorrow. 他明天將在會上發(fā)言。So he will. 確實如此。He went to see his friend yesterday. 他昨天去看朋友了。So he did. 的確如此。a number of 和a great deal ofa number of 和a great deal of 在意思上相同，但用法不一樣。a number of 后面只能跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，而a

13、great deal of 后面只能跟不可數(shù)名詞。例如：A number of accidents always occur on rainy days.雨天常常有許多事故發(fā)生。A number of books are missing from the library.圖書館的一些書不見了。I spent a great deal of my time on this work.我在這項工作上花了不少時間。另外，a great deal of 也可說成a good deal of。 例如：She spends a good deal of money on clothes every yea

14、r. 她每年在衣服上花了不少錢。除了 a number of 之外，也可以用a large/good number of 或(large) numbers of 來表示數(shù)量眾多，意思為“大量的，眾多的”例如：Numbers of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.許多人從國內(nèi)來參觀這個展覽。需要引起注意的是，若用the number of ，后面仍需用名詞復數(shù)，但謂語動詞則應用單數(shù)。因為這時表示的是數(shù)字，而非數(shù)量。例如：The number of books missing from the libr

15、ary is very large.圖書館遺失的圖書數(shù)量很大。incase/inthecase/incaseof的用法及區(qū)別in case萬一。是連詞，引導條件狀語從句。也就是說in case后面是一個完整的句子 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 in case of的of是介詞，介詞后面只能帶名詞性質(zhì)的詞，比如名詞、代詞等。意思和in case差不多，萬一的意思 In case of rain they cant go. 萬一下雨，他們就不能去了。 in the case of，就.來說, 關(guān)于

16、。意思跟上面兩個不一樣了。一般表示轉(zhuǎn)而提及另一件事情。比如 In the case of woman，they have more difficulty in their job。就女性來說，她們在工作中會遇到更多的困難1. We have an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts.我們有一臺萬一斷電時使用的備用發(fā)電機。2. In case you need something, please dont hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么東西，請不客氣地對我說。3. It may rain youd better ta

17、ke an umbrella (just) in case (it does).可能下雨-你最好帶把傘, 以防萬一（下起來）.4. In case that he leaves, please inform me.如果他離開, 請通知我。5. In case of rain, they cant go.萬一下雨，他們就不能去了。6. In case (=If) I forget, please remind me.萬一我忘記，請?zhí)嵝盐摇?. Write the telephone number down in case you forget.把電話號碼寫下來以免忘了。8. The doctor

18、 asked us to call him during the night except in case of necessity.醫(yī)生吩咐我們，除非必須，否則不要在夜里叫他。一、case作名詞的用法:1.case有情況、事實之意。如:Isitthecasethatyouhavelostallyourmoney?你的錢全都損失了,是真的嗎?Thepolicehaveaclearcaseagainsttheprisoner.警察有充足的事實對付那個囚犯。case作此義時,常用于以下一些固定短語:inthat/thiscase如果那樣/這樣(的話);在那種/這種情況下Inthatcase,wed

19、betterholdadiscussionabouttheproblem.那樣的話,我們最好對這一問題展開討論。Hemaynotbebackatsix.Inthiscasewewontwaitforhim.他可能六點鐘回不來。要是這樣,我們就不等他了。incaseof如果,萬一,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:Takeasparetyrealongincaseofneed.帶只備用輪胎去,以備不時之需。TurnofftheTVsetincaseofthunderstorm.在雷雨時,關(guān)上電視機。Incaseoffire,dial119atonce.如果發(fā)生火災,立即撥打119。而inthecase

20、of則是就來說。如:Inthecaseofhishealth,itisfortunateforhimtohaverecoveredfromhisillnesslikethis.就他的健康狀況來說,能恢復到這樣算是幸運的了。Failureisnoshameinthecaseofascientist.就科學家來說,失敗并非羞恥事。case的這種用法,請看2003年的高考題:ThesignreadsIncaseoffire,breaktheglassandpushredbutton.A.不填;aB.不填;theC.the;theD.a;a(字母下劃橫線的為正確答案)incase萬一,以防,如果,引導

21、條件狀語從句。如:IncasehearrivesbeforeIgetback,pleaseaskhimtowait.萬一我回來前他先到了,請叫他等我。PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.請你明天再提醒我一下,免得我忘記。注意:incase引出的條件從句所表示的意義是預防某種情況的出現(xiàn);如果從句說的是一般的假設或條件,則要用if。請比較:IlltellhimaboutthematterifImeethim.(不用incase)Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.(不用if)在上下文意義很明確時,有時可省去incase后從句

22、的內(nèi)容。如:Idontthinkitwillrain,butIlltakeanumbrellaincase(itrains).請看高考題:IdontthinkIllneedanymoneybutIllbringsome_.A.atlastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime(NMET2000)inanycase無論如何,相當于whateverhappens.如:Youshouldfinishyourcompositionbeforeschoolisoverinanycase.無論如何,你必須在放學前完成作文。Inanycase,Illcomeovertotheofficeto

23、morrow.無論如何,我明天會來辦公室的。innocase決不,置于句首時,須用倒裝語序。如:Innocaseshallweallowsmokingintheclassroom.教室里決對不允許吸煙。Innocaseshallyoubreaktherule.你決不能違反紀律。suchbeingthecase既然如此,情況既然是這樣Suchbeingthecase,Ihavenomoretosay.既然如此,我再無話可說。Suchbeingthecase,wewereveryluckytohaveahouseofourown.既然如此,我們能有一幢自己的房子就算很幸運了。2.case作名詞還有

24、以下一些常見的意義:Thereisabeautifuljewelcaseonthedesk.(盒子)Thisisacaseoffever.(病例)Therearefivecasesoffluamongthestaff.(病人;患者)WhenwillthecasecomebeforetheCourt?(案件)二、case作動詞,是及物動詞,意為將裝入箱子。如:Thegoodshavebeencasedupfortransport.貨物已裝箱待運。另外,becasedoverwith則是在上另加一層物質(zhì)。如:Thecopperwascasedoverwithsilver.銅上鍍著銀。Thebric

25、kwalliscasedoverwithcement.磚墻上涂了一層水泥。一、謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 1.動名詞短語、不定式短語、名詞性從句做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。如： Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. （1987年考研題） To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been giv

26、en thus far. 2.表示時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 Two weeks was too long Five times five makes twenty five 3.一般用and連接的兩個單詞或短語做主語時候，謂語用復數(shù)，但是下面用and連接的主語表示一個概念，謂語用單數(shù)： law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 針線 trial and error 反復嘗試，不斷摸索 ho

27、rse and carriage 馬車 time and tide 歲月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮漲潮落 如： If law and order _ not preserved， neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was d. were 答案：A. 4.表示學科和某些疾病名稱的名詞是復數(shù)形式，作主語時候謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 Linguistics is a branch of study on human language. 5.有些名詞形式上是

28、復數(shù)，意義上是單數(shù)，根據(jù)意義一致原則動詞用單數(shù) The chaos was stopped by the police The news is a great encouragement to us A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend. 6.用and 連接的成份表示一個單一概念時候，動詞謂語用單數(shù)形式 Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man 二、謂語用復數(shù)情況 1. 由and， both

29、and， 連接的并列主語，和both ，a few， many ，several 等修飾語后面謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。 Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college. 2.集體名詞police， public， militia， cattle ，class ，youth后常用復數(shù)形式的動詞 The Chinese people are brave and hardworking The cattle are grazing in the sunshine 3.當表示民族的詞與冠詞合用當主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式

30、The Japanese were once very aggressive 4.某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類人，做主語時候，謂語動詞用復數(shù) The rich are not always selfish 5.不可數(shù)名詞作主語，其前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞修飾時，謂語動詞用復數(shù) Three million tons of coal were exported that year 三、謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可以用復數(shù)的情況 1. 就近一致原則 這種情況下，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)取決于最靠近該動詞的主語的單復數(shù)，存在這種情況的主要由以下幾種可能： 1） 由連詞 eitheror； neitherno

31、r； whether or；not onlybut （also） ；or 等連接的并列主語 Neither money nor fame has influence on me Not only you but also he is wrong 2） 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語一致 Blocking the open-sided porch， framed by the enveloping fog， stands a tall grave-faced policeman. Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surr

32、ounded by tall trees. Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair， there has been improvement in the facili 2. 主語帶有（together/along）with， such as， accompanied by， as well as， no less than， except， besides， with， combined with， in addition to ， including， together with 等

33、等附加成分，謂語的數(shù)不受附加成分的影響仍然與主語保持一致 Professor Taylor ， with six of his students ，is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations. The president of the college， together with the deans， is planning a conference for the purpose of lay

34、ing down certain regulations. （1981年考研題） 3.關(guān)系代詞做主語的定語從句中，謂語的數(shù)要與先行詞一致。如： Despite much research， there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. （1996年考研題） There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for， but which do not bring a

35、 return in money to the community. （1990年考研題） 4.一些表示數(shù)量的短語與名詞連用時候，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)，名詞是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，反之就用單數(shù)。這些短語包括：a lot of /lots of； plenty of/heaps of； half of； two-third （three-fourth） of； eighty（ten， twenty） percent； part of； rest of ； none of 等等 Two-thirds of people present are women Lots of damage was

36、 caused by the fire 5.集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語表示的意思和數(shù)，當表示整體時候，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)，當強調(diào)集體中的個體時候，謂語動詞就用復數(shù)。這些集體名詞如：army， audience， band ，government ，group ，flock， police， public ，staff ，team ，troop. Crowd， firm， family 等等 The family is the basic unit of our society The family were watching the TV The audience was enor

37、mous The audience were greatly moved at the words 6.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語與謂語的數(shù)： 第一組： a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用復數(shù) a number of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用復數(shù) the majority of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用復數(shù) 第二組； the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) each/every + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) neither/either of + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) one and a half + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) 第三組； more than one

38、 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) many a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù) 第四組； the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one third of plenty of the rest of 謂語的數(shù)與of 后面的名詞一致 第五組； （n）either（n）or。 not only but also not but 謂語的數(shù)與主語的第二部分（即（n）or/ but also/ but引導的后面部分）一致。 注意比較： More students than one have been referred to More than one

39、 student is going to buy this book虛1.中文：我要是你，我不會那么做。 (誤)I shouldnt do that if I was you. (正)I shouldnt do that if I were you.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，必須were.) 2.中文：要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里，他會告訴我該做什么。 (誤)If my father were here now， he will tell me what to do. (正)If my father were here now， he would tell me what to do

40、.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動詞只能用would，might等過去時。) 3.中文：要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就會給她打電話了。 (誤)If I knew her telephone number， I would have called her. (正)If I had known her telephone number， I would have called her.(表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞要用過去完成時。) 4.中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會來。 (誤)If it had not rained yesterday， he might come.

41、(正)If it had not rained yesterday， he might have come.(表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動詞要用助動詞的過去時might，could等+HAVE+過去分詞。) 5.中文：我不認為我會失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會再努力。 (誤)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I failed， I would try again. (正)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail， I would try again.(表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣

42、中，條件從句的動詞用should加原形動詞。) 6.中文：他要是帶了錢就會買它。 (誤)Did he bring some money with him， he would have bought it. (正)Had he brought some money with him， he would have bought it.(表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動詞要用過去完成時，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。) 7.中文：她要是個男人可能會當選總統(tǒng)。 (誤)Be she a man， she might be elected president. (正)Were she a man，

43、 she might be elected president.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were;若省略if，則將were放在句首。) 8.中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。 (誤)I suggested that the teachers wages could be increased. (正)I suggested that the teachers wages should be increased.(suggest當建議講時，后面的名詞從句的主要動詞要用should加原形動詞，should可以省略。)擬語氣辨析成人高考高起點英語代詞誤用辨析2008年12月17日

44、 14:16 來源：考試大 1.中文：倫敦的夏天比我家鄉(xiāng)的夏天更熱。 (誤)London is much hotter in summer than my hometown. (正)It is much hotter in London in summer than in my hometown.(用it代表氣候，天氣等。) 2.中文：他的書跟我的很不一樣。 (誤)His book is quite different from me. (正)His book is quite different from mine.(mine = my book，應保持比較的雙方性質(zhì)的一致。) 3.中文：我

45、有件重要的事告訴你。 (誤)I have important something to tell you. (正)I have something important to tell you.(修飾something，nothing，anything等不定代詞時，形容詞應放在其后。) 4.中文：每個學生都應該做他自己的功課。 (誤)Every student should do their own homework. (正)Every student should do his own homework.(every student是單數(shù)，其后的代詞也用單數(shù)。) 5.中文：我喜歡收到別人的來信

46、，但不愿意寫信。 (誤)I like to receive letters but do not like to write it. (正)I like to receive letters but do not like to write them.(代詞的人稱與數(shù)應與它代替的名詞相同。) 6.中文：孩子們和他都還沒有吃晚餐。 (誤)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten their supper. (正)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten his supper.(neithernor是對等相關(guān)連

47、詞，nor后面的主語決定后面的謂語動詞及代詞的形式。) 7.中文：布朗太太向她的朋友瑪麗和我打招呼。 (誤)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends， Mary and I. (正)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends， Mary and me.(Mary and me是賓語friends的同位語，因此用賓格形式。) 8.中文：我的兩個姊姊都不在這。 (誤)None of my two sisters is here. (正)Neither of my two sisters is here.(neither用于兩者的否定;n

48、one用于三者以上的否定。) 9.中文：他認識我的兩個姊姊。 (誤)He knows my both sisters. (正)He knows both my sisters.(both用在the，his，my等修飾語之前。) 10.中文：這本書的價格是多少? (誤)How much is the price of the book? (正)What is the price of the book?(對價格提問用what，沒有price一詞時用how much.) 11.中文：我有一本新字典還有幾本舊的。 (誤)I have a new dictionary and several old

49、one. (正)I have a new dictionary and several old ones.(代替前面提到過的可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)要用ones.) 12.中文：安迪，保羅和我共唱一首歌。 (誤)I， Andy and Paul sang a song together. (正)Andy， Paul and I sang a song together.(有多個主語或賓語時，I或me在最后。) 13.中文：他們很了解我們中國人。 (誤)They know our Chinese well. (正)They know us Chinese well.(Chinese為賓語us的同位語。)

50、14.中文：說好英語不容易。 (誤)That is not easy to speak good English. (正)It is not easy to speak good English.(it當形式主語，代替不定式。) 成人高考高起點英語時態(tài)誤用辨析2008年12月17日 14:09 來源：考試大 1.中文：他在許多年前去過歐洲。 (誤)He had been to Europe many years ago. (正)He went to Europe many years ago.(在上下文沒有同過去某時或某個動作相比較而表示過去的意思，不可用過去完成時，而要用一般過去時。) 2.中文：她穿著藍色上衣，看上去很可愛。 (誤)She was wearing a blue dress and was looking very pretty. (正)She was wearing a blue dress and looked very pretty.(表示看上去的look是系動詞，不用進行時。) 3.中文：我去看他們的時候他們在吃晚餐。 (誤)They had supper when I went