八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells學(xué)案 魯教版

1、Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?要點(diǎn)提示1.語(yǔ)言功能:談?wù)撃阋恢弊瞿臣虑槎嗑昧恕?.重點(diǎn)詞匯:inline , skating , marathon , skate , stamp , shell , collect , snow globe , since , for ,be interested in , run out of , by the way , a pair of , go native , three and a half years , do ones best , go together.3.重點(diǎn)句型:Ho

2、w long have you been skating? Ive been skating since nine oclock.When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o clock.Students are skating at the Hilltop School.4語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：構(gòu)成：havehas been+現(xiàn)在分詞。意義：表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能仍然在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了一會(huì)兒。如下圖所示： 它的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用for或since引起，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行多久了。對(duì)for或si

3、nce引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用howlong提問(wèn)。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因此，只要有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，就不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，只表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行。例：He is skating now現(xiàn)在他正在滑冰。He has been skating for an hour他一直滑了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。基礎(chǔ)卷(20分鐘)一、用since或for填空1. The child has been crying _ her mother left.答案:since2. We have been playing tennis_five years.答案:f

4、or3. The girl skated _ two hours.答案:for4. It has been raining _ a whole day.答案:for5. We have known each other_ we were children.答案:since表示一段延續(xù)的時(shí)間常用since或for，since后接一個(gè)時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)”，而for后接時(shí)間的“段”。例如本大題1題：從這孩子?jì)寢尅半x開(kāi)”起，這孩子一直在哭。孩子的媽媽離開(kāi)的時(shí)間在時(shí)間軸上是一個(gè)點(diǎn)，從這一點(diǎn)起到現(xiàn)在，一直在哭，用since”表示。 2題：我們打網(wǎng)球有五年了。五年是這一段時(shí)間的總數(shù)，所以用“for”來(lái)表示。 二、在

5、欄中找出與欄相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子 ( ) 1. Why do you collect stamps? A. Great.( ) 2. How long have you been studying English? B. Because I like stamps and I can learn a lot from the stamps.3. Our class is going to organize a talent C.Because I have run out of my money. show to raise money for charity.4. How does the food

6、 taste? D. About two years.5. Why dont you buy one? E. Delicious.答案:BDAEC三、按漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1. I want to _(理發(fā)).答案:have my hair cut解題點(diǎn)撥：have sthdone表示“讓別人做某事”。理發(fā)表示為“讓別人來(lái)剪我的頭發(fā)”，即“have my hair cut”，這里的cut是過(guò)去分詞。又如 I went to have a photo taken。2. We have been skating _(二個(gè)半小時(shí)).答案:for two and a half hours解題點(diǎn)撥：二個(gè)半小

7、時(shí)表示為“two and a half hours”，又如：二年半表示為“two and a half years”，也可寫(xiě)作：“two years and and a half”。3. This is the first present _(我得到的).答案:I(ever)got解題點(diǎn)撥：This is the first present(that) I got為“這就是我得到的第一件禮物”。that是個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾名詞present。that相當(dāng)于present，作I got的賓語(yǔ)，that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允∪?。4 _(多久)did you sleep last nig

8、ht?答案:How long解題點(diǎn)撥：對(duì)一段連續(xù)的時(shí)間提問(wèn)用how long。5. He came here _(募集資金)for charity an hour ago.答案:to raise money解題點(diǎn)撥：raise money意思是“募集資金”，在用come todo sth結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)請(qǐng)不要忘掉了to。四、單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. _have you been skating? For about an hour.A. When B. Where C. How long答案:C解題點(diǎn)撥：對(duì)一段時(shí)間提問(wèn)用how long( ) 2._ did you start to play tennis

9、? When I was eleven.A. When B. Where C. How long答案:A解題點(diǎn)撥：你什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始打網(wǎng)球的?疑問(wèn)詞用when。( ) 3._do you like collecting shells? Because they are beautiful.A. What B. Who C. Why答案:C解題點(diǎn)撥：回答是because引起的句子，問(wèn)句用疑問(wèn)詞why意為“為什么”。( ) 4. I have a big snow globe _ polar bears in it.A. in B. on C. with答案:C解題點(diǎn)撥：wtth在這里是表示“具有特征

10、”。( ) 5. Edison was _ in science when he was a child.A. interest B. interested C. interesting答案:B解題點(diǎn)撥：be interestcd in表示“對(duì)感興趣”。提高卷(20分鐘)一、根據(jù)句意和首字母完成單詞1. He isnt at school today , p _ he is ill.答案：probably/perhaps2. Pandas like eating b_答案：bamboos3. Our town has greatly changed r_答案：recently4. Can yo

11、u d _ what he looks like?答案：describe5. Please t_ the soup and see if it has enough salt.答案：taste二、用所給詞的正確形式填空1. The football match _(go) for fifteen minutes.答案：has been going解題點(diǎn)撥：足球賽進(jìn)行了15分鐘，表示動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在以前的一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行，共計(jì)15分鐘。用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2. My hobby is _(collect) all kinds of stones(石頭).答案：collecting/to colle

12、ct解題點(diǎn)撥：本題is后面接表語(yǔ)，可用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，也可用不定式短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。3. How long has your mother _(teach) math at this school?答案：been teaching/taught解題點(diǎn)撥：參看本大題第1題的點(diǎn)拔。另外，這里也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，即have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。4. If Alice _ (come) back ,please give it to her.答案：comes解題點(diǎn)撥：if 引起了一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，要填comes。5. Would you like to vis

13、it the Summer Palace if the rain _(stop) tomorrow?答案：stops解題點(diǎn)撥：參看本大題第4題的點(diǎn)撥。三、將下列句子按邏輯意義重新排列A. When did you start to do that?B. Its difficult to say. When I was young ,my parents bought some for me as presents.Some of them are lost. But some are still kept by me.C. Id like to collect toy animals , li

14、ke toy bears , dogs , sharks and so on.D. Nothing. What about you?E. What would you like to collect?1._2._ 3._4._5._答案：EDCAB四、組詞成句1. I , I , was , have been , since , skating , ten years old.答案：I have been skating since I was ten years old.2. how , has , he , long been , swimming?答案：How long has he

15、been swimming?3. extra , needs , son , my , English , lessons.答案：My son needs extra English lessons.4. you , are , in , in , writing , interested , English?答案：Are you interested in writing in English?5. friends , food , order , eat , share , to , to , not separately.答案：Friends order food to share, n

16、ot to eat separately.綜合訓(xùn)練卷（70分鐘，滿分100 分)一、單項(xiàng)選擇（每小題2分 ，共30分)( )1. This kind of illness is _ these days.A. many B. much C. most D. common答案：D解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)句意選D。( )2. Ive_here all afternoon.A. sat B. sit C. sitting D. been sitting答案：D( )3. He has been_for his credit card for an hour.A. looks B. looked. C. loo

17、king D. to look答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：23用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示直到現(xiàn)在一直干某事。( ) 4. Mike learns a lot about internet , and_.A. I dont ,either B. so do I C. so am I D. I am ,too答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：so+助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞behave+主語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)與前一句的行為一樣。本句意為“Mike學(xué)到了許多關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的知識(shí)，我也是”。前一句的動(dòng)詞用learns(行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，所以so后用助動(dòng)詞do表示替代。如果主語(yǔ)換成she，則要寫(xiě)成so does she。( ) 5. Do you kno

18、w if _back next week? If he_ back ,please let me know.A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comesC. he will come , comes D. will he come , will come答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：本題第一句是if引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)橹骶涫且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可以用需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)，因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是next week，所以要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是關(guān)聯(lián)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，因此只有C足正確的。第二句if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句“如果”，在這種從句中，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)的

19、動(dòng)作。C也是正確的。所以答案選C。( ) 6. Every day I spend two hours my homework.A. finishing to do B. finishing doingC. to finish to do D. to finish doing答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：spend常用spend+時(shí)間金錢(qián)on sth表示“在某方面花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間金錢(qián)”或用spend+時(shí)間全錢(qián)+(in)doing sth.表示“做某事花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間金錢(qián)”。( ) 7. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A

20、. is B. was C. has been D. will be答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：一般情況下，主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。但當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理時(shí)，則從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。( ) 8. My mom says_I have to stop , because we have run out of room to store them.A. that B. where C. if D. what答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)句意；本句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞選that。( ) 9. He has been watching English movies about two months.A. si

21、nce B. for C. in D. during答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：“大約兩個(gè)月”是表示一段時(shí)間的總數(shù)，用介詞for，參見(jiàn)本單元基礎(chǔ)卷第一題的解題點(diǎn)撥。( ) 10. My aunt arrived here _ a warm spring morning.A. in B. at C. on D. by答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：表示“在具體某一天的早上”要用介詞on。( ) 11. Hurry up ,_ you ll be late for class.A. but B. or C. and D.if答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：用“or”，表示“否則”。( ) 12. It s time for suppe

22、r now. Lets_it.A. stop having B. stop to haveC. to stop to have D. stopping to have答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：stopt to do sth表示“停下來(lái)去做另一件事”，stop doing sth表示“停止正在做的事”，let sbdo sth，表示“讓某人做某事”。( ) 13. There are many tall green trees on _ side of the street.A. either B. both C. all D. every答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：both，all后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞(“hothand

23、”后可以接單數(shù)名詞)；either，every后均可接單數(shù)名詞，但either指“兩者中任一個(gè)”；every指“每一個(gè)”，表示三者以上。( ) 14Must I go with them tomorrow? No , you_A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：mustnt表示“決不允許”；shouldnt表示“不應(yīng)該”；neednt表示“不必”；cant表示“不能、不會(huì)、不許”。根據(jù)句意選C。( ) 15. Ill do my_ to help him finish the work.A. good B. well C. best

24、D. better答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：do ones best表示“盡力”。二、選用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(每空1分，共10分)start , leave , have , bring , spend , play , laugh , make , good , interest1. Bill _ to play with computers at the age of 13.He_with computers for around one and a half years.答案：started, has been playing解題點(diǎn)撥：13歲時(shí)開(kāi)始玩電腦。start用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，他玩電腦已經(jīng)玩

25、了一年半了。play用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行葉。2. His father is very _ in playing bridge.答案：interested解題點(diǎn)撥：be mterestcd in表示“對(duì)某事感興趣”。3. He said he was sure he could make him_.答案： laugh解題點(diǎn)撥：用“make sbdo sth”句型，意為“迫使某人做某事”。4. In a few days hell _for London.答案：leave解題點(diǎn)撥：will后接動(dòng)詞原形，leave for表示“動(dòng)身去(某地)”。5. He _ half an hour on his h

26、omework at home every day.答案：spends解題點(diǎn)撥：spend+時(shí)間+on sth表示“在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間”，本題時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是every day，所以用spends。6. She isn t so _ at math as you are.答案：good解題點(diǎn)撥：A is not asso+形容詞+as B表示“A不如B”。例如：He is not as/so tall as his brother為“他沒(méi)有他兄弟高”。be good at sth為“善長(zhǎng)某事、在某方面成績(jī)好?！崩篠he is good at dancing表示“她很會(huì)跳舞”。7. Did you f

27、inish _ the kite yesterday? I want _ a look.答案：making, to have解題點(diǎn)撥：finish doing sth表示“做完某事”，want to do sth表示“想要做某事”。8. In England your food _ to you on your own plate.答案：is brought解題點(diǎn)撥：本句中，ford是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“被拿來(lái)”。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為be+過(guò)去分詞，be可以根據(jù)需要變各種時(shí)態(tài)。三、根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容填入所缺的句子（每空2分，共10分）A: 1 B: I was writing a lett

28、er at seven last night.A: 2 B: No. I didnt watch TV. 3 A: I read a piece of news. A lot of children and old persons died in the countries in AfricaB: 4 A: Because they haven t got enough food or medicine.B: The people in other countries should help them.A: 5 I saw a group of Chinese medical workers

29、were working there.1._ 2._3._ 4._5._1.答案：What were you doing at seven yesterday evening?解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)答句：昨晚7點(diǎn)，我正在寫(xiě)信。確定問(wèn)句為“昨晚7點(diǎn)鐘你正在干什么?”。2. 答案：Did you watch TV?解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)答句：No，I didnt watch TV確定這里應(yīng)是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，內(nèi)容為“你看過(guò)電視嗎?”。3. 答案：What did you see on TV?解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)前句：我沒(méi)有看電視，和答句：我看到。應(yīng)該是問(wèn)“你在電視上看到什么了?”。4. 答案：Why? / Why did

30、 it happen?解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)答句“Because”，知應(yīng)該是問(wèn)“為什么?”。5. 答案：Yes. / You re right.解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)上句：“其他國(guó)家的人們應(yīng)該幫助他們”。確定這里應(yīng)是一句應(yīng)答。四、完形填空（每小題2分，共20分) (2003 年黑龍江省模擬題) The United States , Great Britain took the war (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)) on Iraq (伊拉克) in late March , 2003. 1 over twenty days , American soldiers were in Baghdad , the 2 of Iraq.

31、They ended the government (政府)of Saddam. 3 Iraqis died in the war. Saddam is 4 . No one knows 5 hes dead or alive. In some parts of the city there was no light because of the war. Some oil wells (油井)were set on fire. Now the Iraqis need food ,water and 6 . Many soldiers and people who were hurt in t

32、he war need hospital care. People also need 7 to find their family members. After the war , some Iraqis broke into Saddam s palace , government buildings , and stores. They 8 many things from Iraqis Museums. Other Iraqis are angry that the U. S. soldiers didnt stop the robbers (搶劫者). So far there is

33、 9 no government of Iraqis. The reason for American soldiers taking the war is that they are 10 weapons of mess destruction (在規(guī)模殺傷性武器). But by June 6 , they hadnt found any at all.( ) 1. A. In B. After C. By D. During答案：B( ) 2. A. city B. town C. capital D. village答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)句意：美英在2003年3月下旬發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)伊拉克的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

34、，20多天后，美軍士兵占領(lǐng)了伊拉克的首都巴格達(dá)。所以，1選After，2選capital。( ) 3. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of答案：D解題點(diǎn)撥：thousands of表示“數(shù)千、幾千”。( ) 4. A. tired B. run C. gone D. forgotten答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：薩達(dá)姆不見(jiàn)了。其中“不見(jiàn)了”用 is gone。( ) 5. A. if B. when C. how D. that答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)句意選“是不是、是否”，沒(méi)有人知道他是死了還是活著。( ) 6. A. spac

35、eships B. flowers C. people D. medicine答案：D解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)常識(shí)，應(yīng)選“醫(yī)藥”，現(xiàn)在伊拉克人需要食物、水和藥品。( ) 7. A. an idea B. a way C. a plane D. a bridge答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：人們也需要一種方法來(lái)找到他們的家庭成員。( ) 8. A. bought B. borrowed C. stole D. brought答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)句意選stole(偷)。其動(dòng)詞原形為steal。( ) 9. A. still B. ever C. yet D. already答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：so far表示“到目前為

36、止”。still表示“仍然”。( ) 10. A. looking at B. looking for C. giving up D. putting down答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：美軍發(fā)動(dòng)這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因是他們?cè)趯ふ掖笠?guī)模殺傷性武器。五、閱讀理解（每小題2分，共20分）(一) Nearly all our food comes from the soil (土地). Some of us eat meat , of course , but animals live on plants. If there were no plants ,we would have no animals and n

37、o meat. So the soil is very necessary for life. The top of the ground is usually covered with grass or other plants. There may be dead leaves and dead plants on the grass. The waste matter(糞)from animals also falls on it. All soil needs food. If we do not give it any , the plants will be weak. Farme

38、rs found that animals waste is the best food for the soil , but chemical fertilizers (化肥) are also very useful. The same crop (莊稼) should not be grown in the same place every year , its better to have a different crop. A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land good.( ) 1.

39、Which of the following is true?A. All our food comes from the soil.B. Most of our food comes from soil.C. None of our food comes from the soil.D. All our food comes from animals.答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：見(jiàn)第一句：Nearly(幾乎)all our food comes from the soil所以只有BMost of our food comes from the soil的意思與原句一樣。( ) 2. What woul

40、d happen first without plants?A. People would have more crops.B. Animals would die.C. There would be more food.D. There would be less soil.答案：B解題點(diǎn)撥：見(jiàn)第一段第三句：If there were no plants，we would have no animals and meat( ) 3. What does the writertell us in the first paragraph(段落)?A. Leaves , plants , gras

41、s and waste live on each other.B. There would be no animals without meat.C. There would be no plants without animals.D. People , animals , plants and soil live on each other答案：D解題點(diǎn)撥：第一段講到：我們及所有的動(dòng)物要依靠土地上的植物才能生存，而落葉、枯死的植物、動(dòng)物的糞便都會(huì)落在土地上。根據(jù)所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D最適合，表示“人、動(dòng)物、植物和土地相互依存”。( ) 4. Which is the best food for

42、 soil in the field?A. Chemical fertilizers. B. Plants and grass.C. Animalswaste. D. Different crops.答案：C解題點(diǎn)撥：見(jiàn)第二段第。二句：Farmers found that animalswaste is the best food on the son( ) 5. Why do we often grow a different crop in the same place every year?A. Because we can keep the soil rich this way.B.

43、Because we dont have enough land.C. Because we want to have a different food.D. Becausewe do this as a habit(習(xí)慣).答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：見(jiàn)第二段最后一句：A change of croppwill keep the land good根據(jù)所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選A。(二) Tom went into the station soon after five o clock in the afternoon. This is a bad time to travel in Ixmdon , bot

44、h by bus and by train , because lots of people go home from work at this hour. He had to join a long queue of people who were waiting for tickets. When at last his turn came , he got the right ticket. By asking several people the way , he also found the right platform(站臺(tái)). It was crowded and he was

45、not able to get on the first train , but he was able to move nearer to the edge of the platform to be ready to get on the next one. When a train came in , Tom was thrown on to the train by the rush of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off before he was able to get his breath (

46、呼吸) out. Since he was not able to see the namesof the stations where the train stopped , he had to count the number of stops so that he knew where to get off. His station was the seventh along the line. When the train reached the seventh station , Tom got off. But he was surprised to see that he had

47、 got off at a station that he had never heard of. A man on the platform told him that he had traveled on a train going in the wrong direction(方向).( ) 6. Why did Tom go to the station?A. To take a train.B. To meet his friends.C. To say goodbye to his friends.D. To go home from work.答案：A解題點(diǎn)撥：從全文看，僅談到他去火車(chē)站乘火車(chē)的過(guò)程，沒(méi)有談到他是去接或送別朋友，也沒(méi)有談到他自己是否是下班回家。因此選A，即“他去火車(chē)站乘火車(chē)”。( ) 7.