美國(guó)餐桌禮儀

1、.美國(guó)人的餐桌禮儀AmericanTableManners( 中英對(duì)照 )餐桌禮儀是進(jìn)餐時(shí)的禮節(jié)，也包括怎樣有禮貌地使用餐具。不同的文化有不同的餐桌禮儀。事實(shí)上很多禮節(jié)是從實(shí)際需要而演變來(lái)的，比如把手肘放在餐桌上是屬于不禮貌的行為，因?yàn)榘咽种夥旁谧烂嫔系臅r(shí)候就有把碗、 杯打翻的可能。 然而每一個(gè)家庭或者一些群體有他們自己的餐桌禮儀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 也有他們自己對(duì)于這些禮儀如何嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行程度的規(guī)定。（ Table manners are the rules of etiquette used while eating, which may also include the appropriate use o

2、f utensils. Different cultures observe different rules for table manners. Many table manners evolved out of practicality. For example, it is generally impolite to put elbows on tables, since doing so creates a risk of tipping over bowls and cups. Each family or group sets its own standards for how s

3、trictly these rules are to be enforced）.美國(guó)的餐桌禮儀飯前（ Before dining ）? 餐桌上都不應(yīng)該戴帽子；在白天拜訪別人的時(shí)候女士專用的帽子例外。（ Mens and unisex hats should never be worn at the table. Ladies hats may be worn during the day if visiting others.）? 在正式的宴會(huì)中，男士們須站在自己的座位后面，等女士們都坐下了以后，才能坐下。（Before sitting down to a formal meal, gentl

4、emen stand behind their chairs until the women are seated）.? 在開始吃飯前，主人要做飯前的謝飯禱告，這在美國(guó)的家庭里是很普遍的，客人應(yīng)該加入這個(gè)謝飯的禱告，至少要在禱告的時(shí)候保持安靜以示尊敬。如果被邀請(qǐng)的客人有不同的信仰，主人的謝飯禱告不應(yīng)該包括深?yuàn)W的宗教儀式。（ A prayer or blessing may be customary in some households, and the guests may join in or be respectfully silent. Most prayers are made by

5、the host before the meal is eaten. Hosts should not practice an extended religious ritual in front of invited guests who have different beliefs.）? 一般要等到每一個(gè)人都拿到了食物以后，大家一起開始吃。在別人還沒(méi)有拿到食物以前，不應(yīng)該擅自開始先吃；除非那些還沒(méi)有拿到食物的人士請(qǐng)你不要等候，你才可以先吃。（One does not start eating until everyperson is served or those who have not

6、 been served request that you beginwithout waiting. ）? 餐巾是放在膝蓋上的。在正式的宴會(huì)中，客人要等主人把他（她）的餐巾放到膝蓋上之后，才把自己的餐巾放上。 （Napkins are placed in the lap. At more formal occasions diners will wait to place their napkins on their laps until the host places his or her napkin on his or her lap）? 在正式的宴會(huì)上，食物應(yīng)該同時(shí)送到餐桌上的每一位

7、，但還是要等主人拿起餐具之后客人才能拿起餐具進(jìn)餐。 （At more formal occasions all diners should be served at the same time and will wait until the hostess or host lifts a fork or spoon before beginning）? 如果你不能吃某些食品，在你作客的時(shí)候，（如果主人不是你的親戚，）不應(yīng)要求主人為你另外再增添你要吃的食品。（ Even if one has dietary restrictions, it is inappropriate for non-re

8、latives to request food other than that which is being served by the host at a private function）.進(jìn)餐時(shí)的禮儀：（ General manners while dining ）? 在家庭式的用餐中常常是把一盤菜傳到各位的面前，有時(shí)由主人把菜拿到客人面前，稍微講究一點(diǎn)的會(huì)有傭人把菜呈到客人面前。如果是傳的話，你要按其他盤子傳的同一個(gè)方向把菜傳給下一位。當(dāng)你拿到傳過(guò)來(lái)的菜盤子，你可以從中取菜。在取的時(shí)候，不要取超過(guò)餐桌上人數(shù)比例的量，這樣的話餐桌上的每一個(gè)人都能得到一份。如果你不想吃傳過(guò)來(lái)的菜，那就把它

9、遞給下一位，但是千萬(wàn)不要解釋你為什么不吃或者作什么評(píng)論。如果是有人把菜盤子端給你， 他會(huì)問(wèn)你是否需要， 你可以簡(jiǎn)單地回答“是的， 請(qǐng)給一些”或者“謝謝，我不需要” 。（ When a dish is offered from a serving dish a(.k.a. family style), as is the traditional manner, the food may be passed around or served by a host or staff. If passed, you should pass on the serving dish to the next

10、person in the same direction as the other dishes are being passed. Place the serving dish on your left, take some, and pass to the person next to you. You should consider how much is on the serving dish and not take more than a proportional amount so that everyone may have some. If you do not care f

11、or any of the dish, pass it to the next person without comment. If being served by a single person, the server should request if the guest would like any of the dish. The guest may say Yes, please, or No, thank you）.? 當(dāng)為進(jìn)餐人士服務(wù)的時(shí)候，上菜都是從進(jìn)餐者的左邊放到他（她）的前面；而撤盤子的時(shí)候，都是從進(jìn)餐者的右邊拿走。但是對(duì)于飲料，可以從左右的任何一方呈上和撤離。（ When

12、 serving, serve from the left and pick-up the dish from the right. Beverages, however, are to be both served as well as removed from the right-hand side）? 在喝湯的時(shí)候，用湯匙由靠近你的一處開始，向遠(yuǎn)離你的方向打湯。不要把整個(gè)湯匙放入嘴里來(lái)喝湯，而是在湯匙的邊上喝湯。如果湯碗里只剩一點(diǎn)兒湯了，你可以用不拿湯匙的手把湯碗靠近你的一邊略略提起，這將使你比較容易把余下的湯流入你的湯匙。（ Dip your soup spoon awayfrom y

13、ou into the soup. Eat soup noiselessly, from the side of the spoon. When there is a small amount left, you may lift the front end of the dish slightly with your free hand to enable collection of more soup with your spoon）.? 如果光用叉子把食物叉起來(lái)有困難的話，可以用一小片面包或者餐刀幫忙；但是千萬(wàn)不要直接用手。 （If you are having difficulty g

14、etting food onto your fork, use a small piece of bread or your knife to assist. Never use your fingers or thumb）? 按美國(guó)人的習(xí)慣，你不一定要吃餐桌上所有的菜，而且到最后你盤子里的菜沒(méi)有吃完，也不是不禮貌的。不要詢問(wèn)別人為什么不吃某個(gè)菜，或者詢問(wèn)別人為什么不把菜吃完（ It is acceptable in the United States not to accept all offerings, and to not finish all the food on your pla

15、te. No one should ask why another doesnt want any of a dish or why he has not finished a?serving）。不要對(duì)餐桌上的菜進(jìn)行批評(píng)，也不應(yīng)該對(duì)菜的分量多少進(jìn)行品頭論足。（ There should be no negative comments about the food nor of the offerings available）吃東西的時(shí)候要閉上嘴。不要在吃東西的時(shí)候發(fā)出聲音，嘴里有食物的時(shí)候也不要講話； 在吃的時(shí)候也不該有不應(yīng)有的噪聲發(fā)出來(lái)。（Chew withyour mouth closed

16、. Do not slurp, talk with food in your mouth, or make loudor unusual noises while eating）? 當(dāng)你需要離開餐桌的時(shí)候，只要說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”或者“對(duì)不起，我得離開一下”就可以了。不要詳細(xì)解釋為什么要離開的原因，更不要說(shuō)“我要上廁所了”之類的話語(yǔ)。（ Say Excuse me, or Excuse me. Ill be right?back, before leaving the table. Do not state that you are going to therestroom）不要大聲說(shuō)話，好像非要全桌

17、的人都必須聽你似的；要讓其他人也有說(shuō)話的機(jī)會(huì)。（ Do not talk excessively loudly. Give others equal opportunitiesfor conversation）千萬(wàn)不要在餐桌上擤鼻子或者吐痰。如果你必須做這些，你得先離開餐桌，在隱秘的地方進(jìn)行。（Refrain from blowing your nose at the table. Excuseyourself from the table if you must do so）.? 在餐桌上不該打飽嗝兒、咳嗽、打哈欠和打噴嚏之類。萬(wàn)一你做了，趕快向大家表示歉意，說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”。（Burping,

18、 coughing, yawning, orsneezing at the table should be avoided. If you do so, say, Excuse me）.? 坐在餐椅上，不可以沒(méi)精打采、裝聾作啞的樣子，也不可把椅子向后傾斜，翹椅子坐。（ Never slouch or tilt back while seated in your chair）? 不可以玩弄食物或者餐具；更不能拿著餐具手舞足蹈地講話，不能拿餐具指人。（ Do not play with your food or utensils. Never wave or point silverware）?

19、你可以把你手肘以下的部分放在餐桌上，但是不可把手肘放在餐桌上。（ You may rest forearms or hands on the table, but not elbows）? 餐桌上不可使用手機(jī)講話或者收發(fā)短訊，也不該看書和聽隨身聽。只有在早餐的時(shí)候可以看報(bào)。如果有什么緊急的事必須通話，那也必須先向全桌的人打個(gè)招呼，然后離開餐桌才接電話，以免你的講話影響大家。（ Do not talk on your phone or text at the table, or otherwise do something distracting, such as read or listen

20、to a personal music player. Reading at thetable is permitted only at breakfast. If an urgent matter arises, apologize, excuse yourself, and step away from the table so your conversation does not disturb the others）? 如果有些放到嘴里的東西必須拿出來(lái)的話，你必須按照：用什么方式放入嘴的，也用同樣的方式拿出來(lái)。 只有魚刺可以用手拿出來(lái)。（If food must be removed

21、from the mouth for some reason, it should be done using the same method which was used to bring the food to the mouth,i.e. by hand, by fork, etc., with the exception of fish bones, which are removed from the mouth between the fingers）? 在沒(méi)有把你自己盤子里的那一份吃完以前，不可以要更多同樣的菜。（ Before asking for additional hel

22、pings, always finish the serving on yourplate first）.? 在正式宴會(huì)中，男士們?cè)谂窟M(jìn)入和離開餐桌的時(shí)候都應(yīng)該起立。（ Gentlemen should stand when a lady leaves or rejoins the table in formal social settings）使用餐具的禮儀：（ Using utensils ）? 叉子是用來(lái)把塊狀食物送入嘴里的工具。不要直接用手抓著吃?？梢灾苯佑檬值氖澄锸牵好姘?，蘆筍尖，雞翅膀，和比薩餅之類。（The fork is used to convey solid food t

23、o the mouth. Do not use your fingers unless eating foods customarily eaten as such, such as bread, asparagus spears, chicken wings, pizza, etc）? 不可把餐具當(dāng)樂(lè)器來(lái)玩弄。 （Do not make unnecessary noises with utensils）? 美國(guó)式的用叉法是：右手拿刀左手拿叉；右手不拿刀時(shí)，可以用右手拿叉。歐洲式的用叉法是： 永遠(yuǎn)用左手拿叉。（ The fork may be used either in the Americ

24、an style (use the fork in your left hand while cutting; switch to right hand to pick up and eat a piece) or the European Continental style (fork always in left hand).）? 除非餐桌上提供專門放刀的刀架以外，在不用餐刀時(shí)，餐刀應(yīng)該平放在遠(yuǎn)離你的盤子一邊，刀口對(duì)你自己。不可把刀的一頭放在盤子上，另外一頭放在餐桌上。（ Unless a knife stand is provided, the knife should be place

25、d on the edge of your plate when not in use and should face inward）? 當(dāng)你取菜的時(shí)候，用餐具從靠近你一邊的盤子邊緣，向盤子的中心移動(dòng)來(lái)取菜。如果在送上甜點(diǎn)心的時(shí)候沒(méi)有同時(shí)附上餐具，那為甜點(diǎn)心所預(yù)備的餐具一定已經(jīng)預(yù)先放在你的主菜盤子遠(yuǎn)離你的一端。（As courses areserved, use your silverware from the outside moving inward toward the main plate. Dessert utensils are either above the main plate or served with dessert）.宴席結(jié)束時(shí)的禮儀：（At the end of the meal ）