全新版大學(xué)英語第四冊課件[climbenglish.com攀登英語網(wǎng)].ppt

1、College EnglishBook 4,盧冠東編講QQ:403096966 更多資源訪問：攀登英語網(wǎng) Henan University of Urban Construction,Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,Unit 8,Unit 1,Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of Nature,Text A The Icy Defender,Teaching Plan,Objectives : 1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text ; 2. do a

2、comparison and contrast between Napoleons invasion of Russia and Hitlers invasion of the Soviet Union ; 3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text ; 4. conduct a series of reading ,listening ,speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit .,Man changes

3、 nature in order to live . However ,man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature . When Napoleon and Hitler finally realized their arrogance (傲慢) , it was already too late . When you read this text , please pay attention to the subtitles in the text . Thus youll have a better underst

4、anding of the text structure .(注意標(biāo)題,小標(biāo)題) Then youd better read Parts I (introduction),Clues for reading the text and the main contents,and IV (conclusion) , as they have a close connection . And sum up the main ideas of each part . Next , read Part II and Part III , which are facts about Napoleons m

5、ilitary campaign against Russia and Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union respectively . And sum up the main ideas . Of Part II and Part III . Finally , analyze the similarities and differences between the two invasions in the form of a table . (培養(yǎng)比較相同性,對比差異性的能力),A Comparison-and-Contra

6、st of the Two Invasions :,Analyze the difficult sentences,1. To his surprise ,the Russians refused to stand and fight . (line 20) to his (my) surprise ， 使他（我）驚奇的是 to ones delight ， 說來真使某人高興 to my great relief ，使我大為欣喜的是 (much) to my regret ， 非常抱歉 to ones disappointment , 失望的是 2. Borodino ,112 Kilomet

7、er west of Moscow .(line 32) 莫斯科以西112公里遠(yuǎn) in the east (of) 在的東部 on /to the east of 在的東方,west of 在的西面 lie north and south 橫亙南北 3. By nightfall ,thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians Lay dead or wounded on the battlefield (lines 32-34). 學(xué)習(xí)vi + adj. construction : 有時(shí)一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞后跟一個(gè)形容詞（或名詞）

8、，說明主語的狀態(tài)或特征，作用接近表語，這樣的句子也可以說包含了一個(gè)復(fù)合謂語。 如：He sat silent at the table .他坐在桌旁一言不發(fā)。 （= He sat at the table and he was silent .） A rich old lady lay dead at home that day . (= She lay at home and she was dead that day .),又如： fall ill , stand still , fall asleep ,marry young , etc. He died a martyr (n. 烈士

9、) to his country. 他為國犧牲 .(此為名詞示例),第一課 . Language Study 1. in the case of: as far as . is concerned至于，就來說 Examples: The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms. Formal training will take at least 3 years in the case of interior decoration. 2. stand / get / be in the way: p

10、revent from doing sth.擋道;妨礙 Examples: Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement in teaching methods as the existing exam system is in the way. I dont think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development.,3. raw: cold and wet; no

11、t cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed adj. 陰冷的;生的;未加工的 Examples: The events took place on a raw February morning. This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat. Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption. 4. launch: sta

12、rt; send (sth.) on its course vt.開始;發(fā)射 Examples: Beginning in the early 19608, humans launched probes to explore other planets. On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the worlds first artificial satellite, called Sputnik.,5. campaign: a series of military operations or planned activities wit

13、h a particular aim n.戰(zhàn)役;運(yùn)動(dòng) Examples: Hitlers advisers tried to persuade him to avoid the risks of a winter campaign in the Soviet Union and wait until spring. Some people complained that too much money had been spent on political campaigns. 6. efficient: able to work well or producing a satisfactory

14、 result without wasting time or resources adj.效率 Examples: Remote terminals in the home, connected to data banks, make the home the most efficient place to work in many cases. To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars. 7. conquest: conquering, defeat n.征服,戰(zhàn)勝 Examples: The year

15、 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany. Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple.,8. decisive: producing a definite result or conclusion; having or showing the ability to decide quickly adj.決定性的,果斷的 Examples: Most of the decisive land campaig

16、ns of World War i occurred on the continent of Europe. Lincoln took decisive measures to end slavery. The adoption of the curt is widely viewed as a decisive step toward a single European government. 9. retreat: move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty vi.退卻 Examples: After a fierc

17、e battle, the troops retreated southward. We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue. 10. be / get bogged down: be unable to make progress陷入泥潭;不有前進(jìn) Examples: Most of the tanks were bogged down because of mechanical defects and inexperienced

18、 crews. The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.,11. engage: begin fighting with sb.; (cause to) take part in or do etc. v.與交戰(zhàn);使從事;占有(時(shí)間,精力等) Examples: The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immedi

19、ately. I have no time to engage in gossip. We failed to engage any active support for our project. engage (sh.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth. Examples: They are currently engaged in lengthy wade negotiations. The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation. 12. be faced with: have t

20、o deal with面臨;要對付 Examples: The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books. I am faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the boys family.,13. crucial very important (followed by to) adj.至關(guān)重要的 Examples: Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final ga

21、me. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery. 14. take a gamble: take a risk冒險(xiǎn) Examples: The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off. I think shes taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks. 15. press on / ahead: continue doing sth. in

22、 a determined way (used in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.)(不顧困難)繼續(xù)前進(jìn) Examples: Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.,16. occupation: the seizure and control of a country or areas; (ones) trade, profession, or

23、 business. n.占領(lǐng);職業(yè) Examples: During the Japanese occupation of China, millions of innocent Chinese people we killed by Japanese soldiers. Many schools have struggled to meet the educational requirements of new technology- based occupations. 17. bide ones time: wait patiently for a chance等待時(shí)機(jī) Example

24、s: His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies. He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship. 18. minus: below zero; made less by; negative, slightly lower than the mark stated prep.零下;減; adj.負(fù)的，稍低 Examples: Tomorrows temperature will be as low

25、as minus ten degrees centigrade. 20 minus 10 is 10, I got B minus in the final examination.,19. drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously緩慢費(fèi)力地走;拖延 Examples: These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year. How much longer is the meeting going to drag on? 20

26、. stroke: any of a series of repeated movements; single successful or effective action or occurrence; blow n.一次;一回;一下;一擊 Examples: I saw a chance of solving all my problems at a stroke. He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer. He won a car in the lottery last week. Thats Iris first stroke o

27、f good luck. 21. at the cost of: with the loss of以為代價(jià) Examples: Berhman saved Johnsy at the cost of his own life. The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment. 22. limp: walk with difficulty, esp. when one foot or leg is hurt vi.一瘸一拐地走;跛行 I injured my ankle and had to li

28、mp.,23. weaken: (cause to) become weak or weaker v. (使)虛弱; (使)變?nèi)?Examples: The Asian financial crisis severely weakened some countries. Pneumonia often proves fatal to people with a weakened immune system. 24. alliance: a union or an association formed for mutual benefit, esp. between countries or o

29、rganizations. n.聯(lián)盟 Examples: NATO is considered as the most powerful military alliance in modem history. Japan and Germany made their formal alliance in 1940. 25. invasion: an entering or being entered by an attacking military force n.入侵;侵略 Examples: The country remained free from invasion for 60 ye

30、ars. On Hitlers orders, the invasion of Poland began on September 1, 1939.,26, declaration: formally announcing; a formal announcement (followed by of) n.宣部;宣言 Examples: The opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace. The Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base at P

31、earl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7.1941 without a declaration of war. 27. catch sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise 趁某人不防 Examples: The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard. The manager didnt know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard. 28. instruct: give orders

32、 or directions to (sb,) (used in the patterns: instruct sb, to do sth.; instruct sb. that; instruct sb. with quote); teach (sb.) (used in the pattern: instruct sb. in /on sth.) vt.指示,命令;講授 Examples: The family has instructed solicitors to sue Thomson for compensation. The professor instructed us tha

33、t we bad one month to conduct the project. Go and have a word with her, Ken, Peter instructed. He instructed family members in nursing techniques.,29. render: cause (sb./sth.) to be in a specified condition (same as make) vt.使成為;致使(處于某種狀況) Examples: Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the e

34、arthquake. The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours. He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck. 30. casualty: a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident n.傷亡人員;死傷者 Examples: The precise number of casualties in yesterdays bomb explosion is not kn

35、own. First reports of the traffic accident tell of more than 50 casualties. 31. die from / of: have as the cause of death死于 Examples: Some animals died of starvation in the snow. All the plants were dying from lack of rain.,32. siege: a military operation in which an army tries to capture a town, et

36、c.by stopping the supply of food, etc. to the people inside n.圍困,包圍,圍觀 Examples: We must do everything possible to lift the siege. They are hopeful of bringing the siege to a peaceful conclusion. The city was under siege for six months. 33. bring to a halt: stop completely使停止 Examples: Air traffic i

37、n Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers strike. Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.,34. offensive: aggressive action, attack n.進(jìn)攻adj.進(jìn)攻的,冒犯的,使人不快的 Examples: The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion. In January 1944 a Soviet offensive ra

38、ised the long siege of Leningrad. adj. used for or connected with attack; causing sb. to feel upset, or annoyed; very unpleasant Examples: Faced with the invasion, they took immediate offensive action. He made crude jokes that are offensive to women. There is an offensive smell in the room. 35. turn

39、 the tide (against): change what looks like defeat into victory (over)改變局勢,轉(zhuǎn)敗為勝 Examples: The appearance of Joan of Arc turned the tide of war. Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of the war in Europe. 36. thanks to: because of由于,因?yàn)?Examples: Thanks to her financial support, the two childre

40、n in the remote village could go to school. Thanks to their tireless efforts, the performance was a great success.,37. heroic: having the characteristics of a hero; very brave adj.英雄的,英勇的 Examples: The soldier saved the girl at the cost of his own hie. His heroic deeds were appreciated by all the pe

41、ople in the community. He was famed for his heroic deeds during the war. 38. region: area n.地區(qū) Example: In recent years increasing numbers of tourists have visited Antarctica to appreciate the regions majestic scenery and wildlife. 39. reckon: count; consider; think v.計(jì)算;認(rèn)為 Examples: The existence o

42、f the U.S. is reckoned from the Declaration of Independence. Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player. be reckoned with: be taken into consideration Examples: All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose. She is a woman to be reckoned with.,40. toll: the number of people or

43、 animals killed or injured in particular circumstances; money paid for the use of a bridge or road n.傷亡人數(shù);(路,橋)通行費(fèi) 造成損失(傷亡等) Examples: The toll of road deaths and injuries is on the rise. The local government was allowed to charge tolls for the use of the roads. take its / a toll: cause damage, inju

44、ries or deaths (often followed by of/ on) Examples: The famine took a toll of 3,000,000 lives. His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach. High wages have taken their toll on the Swedish economy.,Chinese TransIations of Texts A(Units 18) 參考譯文 第一單元 與自然力量抗?fàn)?課文A 就拿拿破侖和希特勒兩人來說吧，他們所向披靡，便以為自己戰(zhàn) 冰雪衛(wèi)士 奈

45、拉B史密斯 1812年，法國皇帝拿破侖波拿巴率大軍入侵俄羅斯。他準(zhǔn)備好俄羅斯人民會(huì)為保衛(wèi)祖國而奮勇抵抗。 他準(zhǔn)備好在俄羅斯廣袤的國土上要經(jīng)過長途跋涉才能進(jìn)軍首都莫斯科。但他沒有料到在莫斯科他會(huì)遭 遇勁敵俄羅斯陰冷凄苦的寒冬。 1941年，納粹德國元首阿道夫希特勒進(jìn)攻當(dāng)時(shí)被稱作蘇聯(lián)的俄羅斯。希特勒的軍事實(shí)力堪稱無敵。 他的戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器掃除了歐洲絕大部分地區(qū)的抵抗。希特勒希望速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，但是，就像在他之前的拿破侖 一樣，他得到的是痛苦的教訓(xùn)。仍是俄羅斯的冬天助了蘇維埃士兵一臂之力。 拿破侖發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)役 1812年春，拿破侖在俄國邊境屯兵60萬。這些士兵受過良好訓(xùn)練，作戰(zhàn)力強(qiáng)，裝備精良。 這支軍隊(duì)被稱為大軍

46、。拿破侖對馬到成功充滿自信，預(yù)言要在5個(gè)星期內(nèi)攻下俄國。 不久，拿破倉的大軍渡過涅曼河進(jìn)入俄國。拿破侖期盼著的速?zèng)Q速勝遲遲沒有發(fā)生。令 他吃驚的是，俄國人并不奮起抵抗。相反他們一路東撒，沿途焚毀莊稼和民居。大軍緊追 不舍，但它的長驅(qū)直入很快由于糧草運(yùn)輸緩慢而停頓下來。 到了8月，法俄兩軍在斯摩棱斯克交戰(zhàn)，這一戰(zhàn)役中，雙方各有上萬人陣亡?？墒嵌韲?人仍能在自己的國土上繼續(xù)后撤。拿破侖未能取得決定性的勝利。此刻他面臨著一個(gè)重要抉 擇。是繼續(xù)追擊俄國軍隊(duì)，還足把軍隊(duì)駐扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那兒度過將到的冬天? 拿破侖孤注一擲，決定向遠(yuǎn)在448公里之外的莫斯科進(jìn)發(fā)。1 812年9月7日，法俄兩軍在莫斯科以

47、西112公里外的鮑羅季諾激戰(zhàn)，夜幕降臨時(shí)，3萬名法國士兵以及4萬4千名俄國士兵或傷或亡，倒在了戰(zhàn)場上。,俄國軍隊(duì)再次撤往安全之處。拿破侖順利進(jìn)入莫斯科，然而，對該市的占領(lǐng)成為毫無意 義的勝利。俄國人棄城而走。法國人進(jìn)城不久，一場熊熊大火燒毀丁整個(gè)城市的三分之二。拿破侖向亞歷山大一世提出停戰(zhàn)，但沙皇深知他可以等待時(shí)機(jī)：“且讓俄羅斯的嚴(yán)冬為我們戰(zhàn)斗吧?！?拿破侖很快意識到，他無法在冬天向遠(yuǎn)在莫斯科的軍隊(duì)供應(yīng)糧草、提供御寒衣物和宿營 之地。1812年10月，他命令大軍撤出莫斯科。 法軍的撤離成為一場噩夢。俄國人出沒于田野與森林，采用打了就跑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)，向法國人 發(fā)起攻擊。剛出莫斯科城，氣溫就降到攝氏零下

48、4度。11月3目降了初雪。困乏的馬匹倒地而死。大炮陷入雪中。裝備只得被用作燃料焚燒。士兵們?nèi)静鏊馈７▏勘现_步行進(jìn)，一路上留下無數(shù)死尸。 正當(dāng)俄羅斯軍隊(duì)集聚兵力之時(shí)，法國人卻不得不逃離俄國，以避免注定的失敗。在別列 茲那河，俄國人焚燒了漲水的河道上的橋粱，差點(diǎn)將后撤的法軍團(tuán)于河邊。僥幸的是，拿破 侖居然突擊造起兩座橋。成千上萬法國士兵得以逃脫，但卻損失了5萬人。渡過別列茲拿河， 潰不成軍的幸存者一瘸一拐地向維爾紐行進(jìn)。 拿破侖發(fā)兵60萬進(jìn)入俄國，只有不到10萬士兵返回。元?dú)獯髠姆▏婈?duì)在歐洲繼續(xù)西撤。不久，英國、奧地利、俄國以及普魯士組成強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)盟，攻擊這些散兵游勇。1814年3月，巴

49、黎被攻占。拿破侖退位去過流放生活，他締造的帝國隨之滅亡。,希特勒的入侵 到1941年初，納粹德國元首阿道夫希特勒已經(jīng)控制了歐洲大部分地區(qū)。希特勒的德意志帝國的東部與蘇聯(lián)毗鄰。1941年6月22曰，希特勒不宣而戰(zhàn)，入侵蘇聯(lián)，發(fā)動(dòng)了歷史上規(guī)模最大的一場陸地戰(zhàn)役。希特勒自信能速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，預(yù)計(jì)這一戰(zhàn)役不會(huì)超過3個(gè)月。他計(jì)劃采用征服了歐洲其余地區(qū)的閃電式戰(zhàn)略。入侵汁劃包含三大目標(biāo)：向列寧格勒與莫斯科進(jìn)攻，并橫掃烏克蘭。 蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人約瑟夫斯大林被打了個(gè)措手不及，他指示全國人民在德國入侵者到來之前 實(shí)行“焦土”政策。農(nóng)場和工廠被焚燒毀壞，或被弄得無法運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在入侵的最初10個(gè)星期內(nèi)，德國人一路東進(jìn)。俄國人傷亡人

50、數(shù)多達(dá)一百多萬。 在北方，德國人包圍了列寧格勒。盡管忍受著極大困苦，列寧格勒的人民絕不投降。列 寧格勒保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)一直持續(xù)到冬季，此時(shí)該市的處境變得危急。由于食品匱乏人們死于饑餓與 疾病。到了1941年和1942年之間的寒冬，幾乎每天有4千人死于饑餓。列寧格勒之圍造成近百萬人死亡。 在俄國中部，希特勒的目標(biāo)是占領(lǐng)莫斯科。由于德國人指望速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，他們沒有準(zhǔn)備過 冬的補(bǔ)給。IO 月來臨，大雨不停?！澳酀魧④姟蓖涎恿说聡碎W電式進(jìn)攻的行動(dòng)。 正當(dāng)希特勒的軍隊(duì)逼近莫斯科時(shí)，寒冷的冬季早早地降臨蘇聯(lián)，那是多年不遇的嚴(yán)寒。氣 溫降到攝氏零下48度。大雪紛飛。對俄國的嚴(yán)寒冬季毫無思想準(zhǔn)備的德國士兵身著單薄的夏裝，

51、 一個(gè)個(gè)被凍傷。德國人的坦克掩埋往深深的雪堆中。俄羅斯的冬季阻止了德國人的攻勢。 到1942夏天，希特勒又發(fā)起兩場新的攻勢。往南方，德國人占領(lǐng)了塞瓦斯托波爾。希特勒隨后向東推進(jìn)到斯大林格勒，那是沿伏爾加河綿延48公里的一座大工業(yè)城市。盡管艱苦卓絕，蘇聯(lián)抵抗者拒絕放棄斯大林格勒。,到1942夏天，希特勒又發(fā)起兩場新的攻勢。往南方，德國人占領(lǐng)了塞瓦斯托波爾。希特勒隨后向東推進(jìn)到斯大林格勒，那是沿伏爾加河綿延48公里的一座大工業(yè)城市。盡管艱苦卓絕，蘇聯(lián)抵抗者拒絕放棄斯大林格勒。 1942年11月，俄國人發(fā)起了一場反攻。德國軍隊(duì)在斯大林格勒城內(nèi)外幾乎沒有擋風(fēng)避寒的地方，食品和補(bǔ)給的匱乏更使其元?dú)獯髠?/p>

52、直到1943年1月德國人才放棄圍城。進(jìn)攻斯大林格勒的30萬德國人只剩下9萬忍饑挨餓的士兵。斯大林格勒一戰(zhàn)的失利最終使希特勒時(shí)乖運(yùn)蹇。部分地由于俄羅斯的冬季，德國人走向失敗了。 在1943年與1944年期間，蘇聯(lián)軍隊(duì)將德軍陣線往西逼退。在北方，1944年1月15日， 紅軍發(fā)起突然襲擊，解除了列寧格勒長達(dá)3年之久的圍困。列寧格勒那些英勇無畏的幸存者看著入侵者在兩個(gè)早期內(nèi)全部撤離。到了1944年3月，烏克蘭的農(nóng)村又回到了蘇維埃手中。1944年5月9日，塞瓦斯托波爾從德國人手中被解放出來。至此，俄國人向柏林進(jìn)發(fā)。 就希特勒而言，對蘇聯(lián)的入侵成為一場軍事災(zāi)難。對俄羅斯人民來說，這場入侵帶來了 無法形容的

53、苦難。蘇維埃在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中死亡的人數(shù)幾乎達(dá)到2千3百萬。 俄羅斯的冰雪衛(wèi)士 任何軍事行動(dòng)都必須考慮到自然的因素。拿破侖和希特勒都低估了俄羅斯冬季的嚴(yán)酷。 冰雪和極低的氣溫使兩支侵略軍付出慘重的代價(jià)。對俄羅斯人民而言，嚴(yán)冬是他們的冰雪衛(wèi) 上。,Unit 2 Smart Cars,Text A Smart Cars,Teaching Plan,Objectives : 1. understand the main idea and structure of the text ; 2. learn some techniques in expository writing (definition

54、 , quotes , a mixture of facts and opinions , etc.) ; 3. grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text ; 4. conduct a series of reading , listening , speaking , and writing activities related to the theme of the unit .,Clues for reading the text and the main contents,Some scie

55、ntists and engineers have come up with the idea of a smart car . Whats a smart car and what this “smart car” can do ? See Text Organization Exercise 1 ,fill in the main ideas as soon as you finish studying a part . Facts and opinions are often interwoven (交織) in expository writing , and we must lear

56、n to distinguish them . Please tell sentences that express opinions from factual statements in Part I . (分辨事實(shí)和看法),Another ability - finding out definitions : 弄明定義. Provide definitions for “blind spot” and “global positioning system”, “atomic clock”, “automated driver .” Smart cars are superior to or

57、dinary cars in many ways . What are the features of smart cars as mentioned in the text . Compare these words : sense , pick up , determine , detect .,Analyze the difficult sentences,1. The automobile industry rank as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century . (lines

58、 4-5) 譯：汽車工業(yè)是世紀(jì)最賺錢最有影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一 as among ,在之中（二重介詞-由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成） 如：from under ,from behind ,until after ,in between 等 例：Choose a book from among these . 從這些書中挑一本,2. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet .(lines 43-44). 譯：我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球 上的方位 學(xué)習(xí)“v + it（形式賓語）+ adj.（補(bǔ)語）+ to do （真正賓語）”的用法： 例：We dont consider it possible to set back the clock of history .,Text Analysis,What jumps out first at a browser of this text may be those terms in quotation