現(xiàn)在完成時語法.ppt

1、現(xiàn)在完成時,現(xiàn)在完成時描述的是過去發(fā)生而與現(xiàn)在情況有關的事或狀態(tài),或是從過去某時到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時間中發(fā)生的情況,換言之,現(xiàn)在完成時表現(xiàn)的是從過去到現(xiàn)在的事情,現(xiàn)在完成時的形式,01現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句 主語(I We You,第三人稱復數(shù))+have+過去分詞 主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+has+動詞的過去分詞 例:I have already finished the housework. 我已經(jīng)做完家務了. 例:I have been busy all the day. 我今天一天都很忙.,例:My father has read todays newspaper. 我爸爸已經(jīng)看了今天的報紙了.

2、 例:Mary has just finished the homework which her teacher ordered. 瑪麗剛剛完成老師布置的作業(yè).,02現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句,主語+have/has+not+過去分詞 例:The concert hasnt /has not started yet. 音樂會還沒有開始. 例:They havent/have not gotten to London yet.他們還沒有到達倫敦. 例:I havent graduated from the university yet. 我還沒有完成我的大學學業(yè)呢.,03現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句,Have

3、/Has +主語+過去分詞 例:A:Has the concert started ? 音樂會開始了沒? B:Yes,it has.是的開始了. B:No, it hasnt 不,還沒有開始.,例:A:Have you finished your homework? 你做完功課了沒有? B:Yes, I have.是的我做完了. B:No, I havent 不,我沒做完.,04現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句,現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句分為兩種情況,以下將分別進行介紹: 1 疑問詞做主語時 句型:疑問詞(主語)+have/has+過去分詞+ 例:A:Who has /have bought these a

4、pples? 誰買了這些蘋果? B:Rose/Roses friends has/have bought them.羅斯/羅斯的朋友們買的.,2.疑問詞做主語以外的成份時. 句型:疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+ A: How long have you lived here? B: Ive lived here for nearly 6 years. A: How many times have you been to Spain. B: I have been to Spain five times.,現(xiàn)在完成時的用法,1.概述:,表示 “繼續(xù)”的現(xiàn)在完成時 Toms grand

5、father has worked here for nearly 30 years. He has been sick since last week. Miss Chen has waited for him for the whole day,表示 “經(jīng)驗”的現(xiàn)在完成時 I have visited London twice. Have you ever been to Hawaii ? 表示 “完成”的現(xiàn)在完成時 Susan has just finished her homework. Has he finished his work yet? I have already done

6、 the housework completely.,表示 “結果”的現(xiàn)在完成時 My brother has become a lawyer I have lost my dictionary I have bought a new dictionary.,現(xiàn)在完成時四種用法的時間狀語. 繼續(xù): since ,for ,how long?, all 經(jīng)驗: often , ever , never , before , once , times 等. 完成: already , just , yet 等. 結果: 不需要時間狀語.,2 表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時 肯定句: Li Mings eld

7、er brother has studied in Peking University for five years. 否定句: We havent seen each other all this month. 疑問句: A: How long have you known your boy friend? B: I have known him since he came here six months ago,01 基本用法 表示繼續(xù)意義的現(xiàn)在完成時說明過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也就是說從過去某時開始的動作、狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.此時,往往用和現(xiàn)在有關的表示一段時間的時間狀語.舉例如下:

8、, I began to study English three years ago. 我三年前開始學英語 I still study English now. 我現(xiàn)在仍然在學英語 I have studied English since three years ago.自從三年前我就開始學英語了.,現(xiàn)在完成時這一時態(tài)就是動作在過去發(fā)生,但也一定要和現(xiàn)在有關系,否則就用過去時.如上例1 只表示月日 “三年前我學過英語”與現(xiàn)在沒關系,而如果用了現(xiàn)在完成時,即使不出現(xiàn)時間狀語也表示與現(xiàn)在有關系,即 “現(xiàn)在仍然在學英語”,表示繼續(xù)的動詞 在英語中能用現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動詞比較少,常用的有

9、: Have been to已經(jīng)去過了 Have lived 已經(jīng)住了 Have studied 已經(jīng)學了 Have used已經(jīng)使用了 Have worked已經(jīng)工作了,Have known已經(jīng)認識了 Have stayed 已經(jīng)停留了 Have taught 已經(jīng)教了 Have wanted to 已經(jīng)想要,常用的時間狀語: All this week 整個這一周. Always總是 How long 多長時間 Often 常常 All day 整天 For+時間 多長(時間) Lately 最近,Recently 最近 Since+過去某時 自從 Today 今天 Up to now 直

10、到現(xiàn)在 During the past/last days (years,months) 在過去的/前些日子(年,月),In the past/ last years (months,days) 在過去的年(月,日) These days(months,years) 這些天(月,年) This week(month,year) 這個星期(月,年),For + 時間 For 后面表示時間的可以是具體的數(shù)字,也可以是泛指的時間,如a long time , several days , some time(一些時間) I have lived here for a long time. She h

11、as been busy for five days. He studied in Peking University for 4 years in 1960s.,Since + 表示過去的時間的單詞或句子. Since +表示過去的時間的詞,表示從過去某時開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,此時since 是介詞.常見的時間狀語如下: Since three years ago Since two months ago Since then從那時以來 Since 2005,從2005年以來到現(xiàn)在,Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night. 邁克從

12、昨天/昨晚以來就病了. since+句子(過去時),此過去時的句子相當于 “since+表示過去的時間”只不過用過去時的動詞表示過去的動作或狀態(tài),此時since是連詞.,We have known each other since we were children. 當我們還是孩子的時候,我們就認識了. We have lived here since we moved here in 2001 我們自從2001年搬到這兒來后,一直住在這兒.,Since 引導的從句中的動詞用過去時,而主句原則上是用現(xiàn)在完成時,但it is +時間句型除外. It is ten years since we l

13、eft. 自從我們離開已經(jīng)有十年了.,how long表示多長時間,多久. 回答 “how long +have/has +主語+過去分詞”這樣的現(xiàn)在完成時的問句時,常用for和since的句子.但和 “for+時間”一樣,how long 不僅用于完成時還可用于其他時態(tài).,A: How long have you worked in this factory ? 你在這個工廠工作多長時間了? B: Ive worked in this factory for 3 years. 我已經(jīng)在這個工廠工作三年了. B: Ive worked in this factory since I gradu

14、ated from university. 自從我大學畢業(yè)后,我就在這個工廠工作了.,How long did you study Chinese last year? 去年你學了多長時間的漢語. “when?” 疑問句不可以用現(xiàn)在完成時,因為 “when”疑問句是用來詢問時間的,而現(xiàn)在完成時則不談動作的時間. (正)when did you visited Beijing? (誤)when have you visited Beijing?,all +時間 All day(一整天),all this morning(今天一整個早上,)all week(一整個星期)等時間狀語除了和現(xiàn)在完成時連

15、用外,變可和其他時態(tài)連用. Nacy has had a stomachache all day. 南希胃疼了一天. Before liberation the peasants worked all day, but they got little.,其他: always,often ,these days (months), recently /lately ,so far, up to now ,till/ untill now , in the last few years. Always (總是), often (常常) ， these days(months)(這幾天,這幾個月)這

16、幾個詞和詞組都是既可以和完成時連用,也可以和其他的時態(tài)連用.,Recently/lately(最近,近來),表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間,所以常常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用. So far/up to now(到目前為止), till/untill now(到現(xiàn)在),皆和現(xiàn)在密切關聯(lián),所以往往用現(xiàn)在完成時. In the last /past few years.(在過去的幾年中) 這樣的時間狀語,一般用于現(xiàn)在完成時(也可用于過去時),Weve always/ often seen him jog in the morning. 我們經(jīng)?？吹剿颗?Nancy hasnt gone to school rec

17、ently/lately. 南希最近/近來沒有去上學. Three students have been rescued so far . 截止到目前,已有三句學生獲救. We have learned about 2,000 words in the pas few years.,表示經(jīng)驗的現(xiàn)在完成時,肯定句: I have seen the film three times. 否定句: Ive never seen the film. 疑問句: Have you ever been to UK? 01 基本用法: 表示經(jīng)驗的現(xiàn)在完成時,說明從過去起到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗,即從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷或

18、做過的事情.說明如下:,1.過去時: Helen read the novel three years ago and she read the novel again and again. (海倫在三年前曾看過這問小說,后來又看了幾遍.) 2.現(xiàn)在時: Now Helen knows the novel(or: Now Helen remembers the novel)現(xiàn)在海倫知道/記得這問小說了.,3.現(xiàn)在完成時: Helen has read the novel three times. 這問小說海倫看過三次. 用了現(xiàn)在完成時,就表示動作是過去做的,但對于此事或此物當事人現(xiàn)在還有印象,

19、還記得住.所以表示經(jīng)驗的現(xiàn)在完成時時,有時不用時間狀語也可以. Oh ,you are talking about that novel, Its wonderful. Ive read it .,現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去經(jīng)歷過的事情，做過的事情。海倫過去看過三次這部小說，這三次都是過去做過的事情。用現(xiàn)在完成時，就表示過去的這個經(jīng)歷和現(xiàn)在有關系，即暗指現(xiàn)在海倫還記得它，或都這部小說給她印象很深等。所以這個句子包含兩句的意思。,如果只用過去時,那么就表示過去和現(xiàn)在沒有關系，只是陳述了 “過去看過這部小說”這個客觀事實。 02 常用的時間狀語 表示經(jīng)驗的現(xiàn)在完成時，常和下列時間狀語連用：,置于句中的時間

20、狀語（副詞）：often,ever,never,ever 用于疑問句中，never用于否定句中。這些副詞在句中的位置是固定的，要放在助動詞have/has的后面，過去分詞的前面，如下：,主語+have/has+副詞+過去分詞+ We have often read Beijing Youth Daily. 我們經(jīng)常閱讀北京青年。 A：Have you ever seen a UFO? B: Yes, I have. B: No, I havent,I have never drunk pop.我從不喝汽水。 The boy has never finished reading the whol

21、e book since I taught him. 自從我教這個小男孩以來，他從來沒讀完過一本書。,Never 用于否定句中，表示語氣強烈 放在句末的時間狀語：表頻度的副詞，before,yet She has read the poem three times. 她已經(jīng)讀了這首詩三遍了。 I have taught English in this school before. 我以前曾在這個學校教英語,放在句首，常用來對時間提問的疑問詞 How often, how many times. How often/How many times+have/has+主語+過去分詞.? 用于詢問頻率

22、、次數(shù)的場合,A: How often have you seen the film? B: Only once/twice a month. A: How many times have you been to that country? B: Many times.,03 have/has been的用法 由have/has 與be 動詞的過去分詞構成的 “have/has been.”表達的意思比較復雜，要注意根據(jù)上下文及句子情景去正確使用它。其用法以圖表說明如下：,have been to I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾去過頤和園兩次（經(jīng)驗） I have been to the museum to see the exhibition . 我到博物館看展覽了。（完成）,Have/has been to 用于“經(jīng)驗”，表示“曾去過”時，常和