如何分析英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)ppt課件

1、句子成分與句子結(jié)構(gòu),1,一、要弄清楚英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們先要弄清楚組成一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分，即句子的成分： 主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語的概念。 1、主語：是一個(gè)句子所要說明的人和事物，是一句的主體。如 I study English中的 I。作主語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句。 2、謂語：它是說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的，如 I study English中的 study.作謂語的有：及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語。,2,(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into

2、the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult., teacher man dictionary To do,3,(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 (10分，10分鐘) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall

3、 The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book t

4、o? A. giveB. did C. whom D. book, B A C C A A,4,3、賓語： 它是表示及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語所作用的對(duì)象的，如 I study English 中的English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中的his spare time.介詞后的名詞或代詞，叫做介詞的賓語，如He went away with no words中的no words.作賓語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句。,5, My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD Peopl

5、e all over the world speak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CD, D D B,6,4、表語： 它是放在連系動(dòng)詞之后表示主語的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、表地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語從句。,7, The old man was feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he worried about Jim?

6、AB C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B CD,DBD,8,5、定語： 它是限定名詞或代詞用的，作定語的有：名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞和定語從句，若是詞則多作前置定語，若是短語或定語從句則只能作后置定語。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.,9, They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What is your given name?A B

7、CD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD,定語 C C A B B D,10,6、狀語： 它是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修飾much,而much 又修飾like。 狀

8、語說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表頻率或程度的副詞應(yīng)位于句中be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間應(yīng)按先小后大的順序。,11,There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B

9、 CD, D A D D,挑出下列句中的狀語,12,7、補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明句中的主語或者賓語的，作補(bǔ)足語的有：名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式和分詞（短語）。如I find it interesting中的interesting.,8、同位語：把一個(gè)名詞（短語）、代詞或從句放在另一名詞或代詞后，用以說明前者的性質(zhì)或情況，這樣的名詞或代詞叫同位語。如We Chinese people ，love peace中的Chinese people是主語We的同位語.,13, She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-

10、room. A B CD He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work.A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D, C C C C,挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語,14,Take a break!,15,二、按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來分，英語的句子有以下三種類型： 1、簡單句：簡單句只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞（或并列謂語動(dòng)詞）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past se

11、ven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,2、并列句：并列句由并列連詞或分號(hào)“；”把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.,16,3、復(fù)合句： 復(fù)合句中含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 從以上并列句和復(fù)合句的例句來看，我們不難看出它們實(shí)際上是由幾個(gè)簡單句通過并列連詞或從屬連詞連接起來的

12、。因此，只要我們掌握了簡單句的幾種基本句型，我們就可以通過在句中尋找起連接作用的連詞來分析復(fù)雜的句子。,17,三、簡單句的五種基本句型： 1、主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語 如： Im not feeling well today. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 連系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, appear, keep, prove, turn out/look, feel, sound, smell, taste/become, grow, get, turn, go, come (true), fall (ill, asleep),18

13、,2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞（或短語）（+狀語） 如： The sun rises in the east. The Opium War（鴉片戰(zhàn)爭） broke out in 1839. 3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞（或短語）+賓語 如： They decided to hold a class meeting. We depend on our parents for food and clothing.,19,4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 如： My father bought me an electronic dictionary. Mr Wang teaches us chemistry.

14、用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有buy, find, bring, give, teach, pass, show, tell, do, leave, get, lend, lose（使失去）, cost(使付出代價(jià)）, offer, promise, sing, write, deny, envy. He denies his wife nothing.,20,5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 如： Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. The boy made his sister cry. Our teacher encoura

15、ged us to work hard. Our headteacher required us not to be late for class,21,. 1)、接名詞作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：call, choose, think, consider, believe, find, make, etc. 2)、接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, notice, let, have, hear, make; ask, tell, order, require, want, advise, persuade, cause, encourage, permit (allow), for

16、bid, teach.不能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：suggest, demand, hope, agree. 3)、接形容詞作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：think, believe, find, feel, consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.,22,以上五種基本句型中的主語、賓語、表語都可擴(kuò)展成相應(yīng)的從句，從而成為復(fù)合句。同時(shí)，復(fù)合句中的主、從句也是由以上五種基本句型組成的。如： What he says doesnt agree with what he does.,Why he came late is that his bike broke d

17、own on the way. It occurred to me that I had much homework to do. He promised me that he would attend the lecture. What has made the city what it is now?,23,另外，句子采用哪一句型，完全取決于謂語動(dòng)詞的用法. 因此，動(dòng)詞的用法是我們平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。如： 1).最近幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。,In the last few years,great changes have taken place in our hometown.,2).昨晚在十字路口發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重的交通事故。,A serious traffic accident happened/occurred/came about at the crossing yesterday evening.,24,3).我突然想到一個(gè)絕妙的主意。,An excellent idea occurred to me.,4).這家餐館昨晚發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。,A fire broke out in the restaurant last night.,5).聽到這個(gè)激動(dòng)人