高中名詞性從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、名詞性從句思維導(dǎo)圖易考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。考查的要點(diǎn)主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用、主語和謂語的語序、雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。具體包括：1考查名詞性從句的連接詞。如：有詞義的連接代詞包括who, whose, whom, what, which；連接副詞有when, where, why, how；從屬連詞有that, whether, if, as if；that無詞義，在從句中不作成分，有時(shí)可省略。2考查名詞性從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。3考查it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況。如： (1)Itbe形容詞(necessary, important,

2、 obvious等)that從句； (2)Itbe過去分詞that從句； (3)Itbe名詞(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)that從句； (4)It不及物動(dòng)詞(appear, happen等)that從句。4考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。如： (1)It is/wasessential/important/naturalthat； (2)It is/was suggested/demanded/wished/desiredthat等。5考查what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語義功能和語法功能。如：whatthe thing that/anything

3、that；whatthe place that；whatthe time that；whatthe person that等。6考查whoever，whatever，whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語義功能和語法功能。七大常考考點(diǎn): 1.that what which; 2.it形式主語、賓語的用法; 3.語序問題; 4.同位語從句和定從的區(qū)別; 5.what whatever 6.ifwhether; 7.虛擬語氣問題; 五、相關(guān)習(xí)題集中練習(xí)一. 相關(guān)概念1. 名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞2. 名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作_,_,表語和_。同位語是對前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通

4、常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任如：3. 名詞性從句：在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹?語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)_來充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫:名詞性從句。二、名詞性從句的種類1. When we will start is not clear. _從句2. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. _從句3. My idea is that we should do it right now. _從句4. I had no idea that you were her friend. _從句三、常見引導(dǎo)詞：1）連接詞

5、：that, whether, if （不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）。從屬連詞that只引導(dǎo)，本身無意義，僅起_作用。（引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可省，但是如果是并列的多個(gè)賓語從句，只能省第_個(gè)）That he likes you is very obvious. 很顯然他喜歡你。2）連接代詞who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。如：Thats why she wanted to leave. 這就是她想離開的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。T

6、ell me which one you like best. 告訴我你最喜歡哪一個(gè)。3）連接副詞where, when, how, why等，有意義，在句中作狀語The question is how we should carry out the plan. 問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么時(shí)候回來在很大程度上要看天氣。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他為什么這樣做將永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)謎4）從屬連詞if, whether（是否）(if只能引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞、形

7、容詞之后的賓語從句)1. _ he said has nothing to do with you.2. _well start tomorrow will be told soon.3. _ he did such a thing satisfied me.4._ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.四四大從句講解1. 主語從句 作句子_語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞_，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等

8、詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起_作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。如：_ he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。It is known to us _ he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。_the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語

9、從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用_數(shù)形式。常用句型如（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（a pity,a shame,a fact,a wonder,an honor, no wonder,a surprise）如：你考試失敗了真是遺憾_（2） It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（clear，important，necessary，probable，possible） It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句(said, reported, thought, hop

10、ed, believed, known)coral reefs-珊瑚礁如:據(jù)報(bào)道，珊瑚礁正遭受破壞。_（4） It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句（seem, happen, appear）如：碰巧那天我出去了。_另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requeste

11、d, proposed, desired, etc.) that練習(xí)題：(1) _ he will come is certain.(2) _she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.(3) _ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(4) _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5) _ she has gone

12、 is not known yet.1. _is known to all, Taiwan is only part of China. 2. It is known to all_ Taiwan is only part of China.3. It was on Sunday _ I met him.1.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 2. His suggestion wa

13、s that we _ another meeting to discuss the question. A hold B would hold C held D holding 單句改錯(cuò)1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when w

14、ill he arrive?翻譯下面句子1) 很顯然你進(jìn)步巨大。_2) 很遺憾你錯(cuò)過了音樂會(huì)。_3) 你打電話時(shí)我碰巧不在家._ 2. 賓語從句 名詞句用作_的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何_，在口語或非正式的文體中常被_，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第_個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me he will go to Shanghai tomorrow and that he will be back in

15、 two days.觀察并思考：賓語從句中的連接詞that在什么情況下不能省略？Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.總結(jié)：_注意：表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議或要求”等詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，不管是在哪一種從句中，常用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可省略。例如：（一堅(jiān)

16、持insist）（二命令command, order）（四建議advise, recommend, suggest, propose）（四要求demand, desire, request, require）以及他們的同根名詞。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出1)My suggestion is that we_(go) to the cinema together.2)His

17、advice that we_(come) here on the dot is very reasonable.3)The order came _ the soldiers _ (destroy） the small village the next morning.2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用_語序。例如：I want to know _ he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你

18、什么。 She always thinks of _ she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give _ needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人她都給予熱情支持 3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。區(qū)別 if 與 whether 1) Whether we will go picnicking depends on whether it will be rainy.2) I have no idea whether he will come to the party

19、.3) The question is whether he will come to the party.4) I dont care whether he will attend the meeting or not.5) He cant decide _whether_ to stay here another day.6) He cant decide whether/if hell stay here another day. 你能歸納出須使用whether的情況嗎？ _,_,_從句用whether _詞賓語用whether whether與_ 連用 _前用whether【高考鏈接】

20、：We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. if B. whether C. where D. that例如：_ there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on _we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4. 注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài) （包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在

21、時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等）例如：I know (that)he _ English every day. 我知道他每天學(xué)英語I know (that)he _ English last term. I know (that) he_ English next year. I know (that)he_ English since 1998. （當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的_時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用_時(shí)態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that

22、Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。6. wish后的賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)在原本的時(shí)態(tài)上退一步，即wish that 過去時(shí)(跟現(xiàn)在相反)would +v. (跟將來相反)had done (跟過去相反)would rather that sb did st

23、h sb had done E.g.: I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A saw B. had seen C would see D has seen 7. 在appreciate, like, dislike, love, hate等后接由if或when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中；在see to注意,務(wù)必,保證, depend on, rely on, count on等后that引導(dǎo)的從句中，從句前常加it作形式賓語。1) I hate_when they talk with their mouth full of food.2) I like _

24、in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 3). You may depend on _ that you parents will help you whenever you need it.譯：走的時(shí)候務(wù)必做到鎖好門。_譯：你可相信，他會(huì)幫你的。_8. 練習(xí)題用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _Ill be free tomorrow. 2. It seemed as if he was indifferent(漠然)_ he could get into a lifeboat. 3. The ques

25、tion is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 時(shí)態(tài)：1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4.I hear

26、 they _ (return) it already. 5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be)翻譯：用賓語從句翻譯下列句子1. 老師曾告訴我們有志者事竟成。_2. 他們都在擔(dān)心是否

27、能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里. _3.我覺得他們按時(shí)完成自己的任務(wù)是很重要的。_4. 我不知道湯姆今天早上為什么沒來。3. 表語從句 在句中作_的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。The fact is_ we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。 That is_ he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。It looks _ it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)

28、主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 表語從句注意事項(xiàng)：1）.在表語從句中，表“是否” 時(shí)，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。2）.一般情況下，“that”不能省。3）. It is /was because . It is /was why. 4）. The reason (why/for)is /was that.5）The reason is because /why4. 同位語從

29、句 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。 The news _we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。I have no idea _ he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。The thought came

30、 to him _Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： 同位語從句一般跟在名詞fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后, 用以_或_前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)詞一般為that，沒有意義，不作任何成分，只起_作用，但不能_。定語從句：對先行詞起修飾限制作用，引導(dǎo)詞不止that，引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定成分，有意義，且tha

31、t / which 在定語從句中如果做賓語，可以省略。E.g.: The news that she passed the exam excited her parents. _從句解釋說明；that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分, 沒有意義，是連接代詞，但是不能省。The news that we know from her excited all of us. _從句修飾限定；that代替先行詞news，是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中有意義，做成分，作賓語，可以省。1. The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. _語從句2. Th

32、e suggestion that he made is of great value. _從句3. The fact that he won the first place cant be denied. _從句4. The fact that he told me excited me. _從句注: 1. 同位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句. I have no idea _ he has gone.I have no idea _ he did it.I have no idea _ he did.5. 區(qū)別what與that觀察并

33、總結(jié): what與that在從句中的句法功能有何不同？What we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to our school is true.總結(jié)：that 只起_作用，無意義，在從句中_任何成分; what 既有_作用，又要在從句中_成分（主語，賓語，表語）( 的東西;物;話;時(shí)間;地點(diǎn);人物;數(shù)目等不同概念)1.After five hours drive, they reached was called the hometown of the goddess.2. The oth

34、er day, my brother drove his car down the street at was a dangerous speed. 3. The village was quite different from it used to be. 4. _the earth is round is known to us all.5. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.1）_ you dont like him is none of my business.

35、A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether6.觀察并總結(jié)what ,which 區(qū)別 -Do you know what Mr. Blacks address is? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of which.總結(jié)：what (什么) / which (表選擇, 哪一個(gè)) I read about it in some books or other, does it matter_ it was? 2) _ he said at the meeting astonish

36、ed everybody present. 7. “whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however”的用法whatever / whoever / whichever可以引導(dǎo)_從句或_從句，他們既在從句中做成分又在主句中作成分，相當(dāng)于anything that, anybody who等，此時(shí)不能與no matter what / who / which互換E.g.: Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. (試體會(huì)本句，不可以變成no

37、 matter who引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論什么/誰/哪個(gè)/何時(shí)/何地/怎樣都”，相當(dāng)于no matter what / who/ which / when / where / how.E.g.: Wherever I went, the dog always followed me. (本句可換成No matter where I went, the dog always followed me. 主從句依然沒有問題)1. _ was sai

38、d here must be kept as a secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3. _ breaks the law will be punished. 4._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. wh-ever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，no matter wh-只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. 8.關(guān)系型 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法1). 表示“的東西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。He saves what he earns. 他賺多少，積蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary. 瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書。2). 表示“的人或的樣子”：He is no longe