現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料chapter2英語詞匯的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)

1、現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English Words英語詞匯的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)n 2.1 Morphemes詞素 /語素/ 形位n 2.2 Classification of Morphemes詞素分類 2.1.1 The Definition of “Morphemes” 詞素的概念Morpheme: The smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language，not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. smallest: n

2、ot divisible into smaller forms meaningful: carry meaning (lexical and grammatical) e.g. denationalization denationalization= de + nation + al + iz + ation A morpheme is a two-facet language unit: sound and meaning A morpheme is not identical with a syllable，either，since the latter has nothing to do

3、 with meaning.Allomorphs語素變體、詞素變體: various shapes or forms of a morpheme do not differ in meaning or function conditioned by position or adjoining sounds Eg. -s bookbooks /-s/ pigpigs /-z/ horse horses /-iz/ Eg. im-，in-，i-perfect, responsible, logical, flexible perfect imperfect responsible irrespon

4、sible logical illogical flexible inflexible Eg. tion，-sion invent invention describe description justify justification modernizemodernization expand expansion decide decision omit omission 2.2 Classification of Morphemes詞素分類l Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes自由詞素與粘著詞素Free morpheme: one that can be

5、uttered alone with meaning A free morpheme is a word.E.g. green, red, write, faithBound morpheme: cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance appear with at least one other morpheme, free or boundE.g. receive re-ceiveQ：自由詞素與粘著詞素如何組詞？E.g. green, greenhouse, greenness, disagreeable, receive, encycl

6、opedia green (free) green-house (free + free) green-ness (free + bound) dis-agree-able (bound + free + bound) re-ceive (bound + bound) en-cyclo-pedia (bound + bound + bound)* A free morpheme is a word.l Roots and Affixes詞根與詞綴Root 詞根: The basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lex

7、ical meaning of the word. 1. Free root (自由詞根):A word consist of one free root (or one morpheme)is a simple word.Free roots provide the English language with a basis for the formation of new words. 2. Bound root（粘著詞根）:roots derived from foreign sources ,esp. from Greek and Latin, belong to the class

8、of bound morphemes, such as tian and cieve Eg.1)work, workable, worker, worked, working (free)2) contain, detain, retaintain= tenere (L) = to hold (bound)3) conceive, deceive, receiveceive= capere (L) = to take (bound)4) revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vividvit, viv = life / to live (bound) Vital

9、: necessary in order to stay alive -al: pertaining to = have a connection with vital = having a connection with lifeVivacious: adj. apprec. full of life and high spirits; lively -ous: full of vivacous = full of life (energy)Vivid: producing sharp clear pictures in the mind; lifelike -id: having a ce

10、rtain quality vivid = having a certain quality of lifeAffixes綴: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used when added to another morpheme. 1. Inflectional affixes(屈折詞綴): serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.特點(diǎn)：1.not to form

11、a new word with new lexical meaning 2. having only particular grammatical meaning 3. only to be affixed to words of the same word-class (not to change the word-class) E.g. Plural marker: pens, oxen, feetGenitive case: JamesVerbal endings: works, working, worked, bought, saidComparative and superlati

12、ve degree: slower, slowest 2. Derivational affixes（派生詞綴）:to be added to another morpheme to derive a new word特點(diǎn)：1. to derive a new word 2. having a specific lexical meaning (some also affective meaning) 3. some to be attached to words of different word classes Eg. Having pejorative or derogatory mea

13、ning-ism means“doctrine or point of view ”=socialism Pro-means“on the side of ”=pro-com-munist n Mini-carmean-nessModern-izeSocial-ismPro-communistDe-codeDe-valueWash-ablen mis-mal-absorptionpseudo-democratichire-lingweak-lingchild-ish派生詞綴分類（derivational morphemes）:Prefixes and suffixes1) By linguistic origin: Native affixes Foreign affixes2) By productivity: Productive/living affixes Unproductive/dead affixes Summary 2.Morphological Structure of English Words英語詞匯的形態(tài) 2.1 Morphemes詞素 1.The Definition of “Morphemes” 詞素的概念 2.