現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法及練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，主要有兩個(gè)含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。I have already watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對它不感興趣了）Have you found your lost pen yet?No, I havent found it yet.（我很著急）表示動作或者狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。用于延續(xù)性動詞

2、，常常與so far、for或者since短語連用。since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) /從句，for + 時(shí)間段，如for two months等。二 、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都能表示過去發(fā)生過的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，并且表示這一動作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下去；2）而一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，僅表示過去的動作，且這一動作到說話時(shí)已終止。因此現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示明確的過去時(shí)間如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的狀語連用，并且用when或where對這些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語提問時(shí)，一般只用一般過去時(shí)。三、在“it is first

3、/second.time that.?！被蛟凇癷t/this/that is the +最高級+名詞+that.?！苯Y(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；在“it + be .+since從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，be可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句一般用過去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有 since 或 for 等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的 狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來

4、表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrivebe heredie be dead begin(start)be on come backbe back fallill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) leave be away get upbe up finish be over open be open close be closed borrow keep 或 be on be in 或 be a member of go to schoolbe a student buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold)

5、 begin to studystudy get to know know come to workwork 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)（1）have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have

6、been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于 各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了 （說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與 once , never, several times 等連用，后者則不能。He has been to Beijing.他去過北京（已經(jīng)回來了）He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （還沒有回來）have/has been in 待在某地如：They have been in Beijing.他們呆在北京。（2）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連 用。 如

7、：I havent left here since 1997.自從 1997 年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題一 選擇填空。( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years.(A) died ,dead (B) has died, dead(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died( ) 3. I have _this nice watch for two years. (A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) l

8、end( ) 4.He _his home for ten years.(A)has left (B)left from(C)has been away from (D)was away from( ) 5.He _a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( ) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (C)become a soldier(B)been an army (D)been in the army( )

9、 7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)away二 選擇填空( ) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I _it last night(A) finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A)Havegone, have gone (B)Didgo, went (C)H

10、avebeen , went (D)Didgo, has , been )( ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _her for two years(A) didmeet, havent seen (B)didmeet, dont see (C) havemet, havent seen( ) 4.He _finished his homework yet .( A) didnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have ( )5.Have you _traveled on the banch?Yes, I have. (A)ju

11、st (B)yet C)never (D)ever( )6.Have you finished your homework Not_(A)ever (B)already . (C)yet (D)just .( ) 7 We havent finished our homework，_. (A) already ( (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )8.Have you_ learned English?Yes, Ive _learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever(

12、 ) 9.Have you finished your homework _?Yes, Ive _done that.(A) yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )10.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A ) has just (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have already三 用 since 和 for 填空（一）1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4

13、) _ an hour ago 5) _ she left here 6) _ 4 oclock 8) _ 1999 9) _ 4 hours 10) _ lunch time（二）1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten yea

14、rs _ she left the city.四 單項(xiàng)選擇題( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since（ )2. His father joined the party_ (A)since three years ago (B)in two years time(C)for three years (D)three years ago3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?A. so they B. dont they

15、 C. have they D. havent they4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.A. have been to B. have been inC. have been D. have gone5.- How long _you_ your dictionary?- About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five ye

16、ars. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to China7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing? A. How soon , comes B. How often, gotC. How long , came D. How far, arrived8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑問句）?10. They have been here since 2000 . (對劃線部分提問)_ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(d