語音基礎(chǔ)知識.ppt

1、第一課時,語音基礎(chǔ)知識,1.概念 1音素：音素是語音的最小單位。 2音標(biāo)：記錄音素的符號叫做音標(biāo)。/ /或 3音素的分類：元音和輔音。 4音素的個數(shù)：共48個，元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。,元音和輔音的定義： 發(fā)音時聲帶振動，氣流在通道上不受發(fā)音器官阻礙的音素稱為元音。 發(fā)音時氣流在通道上受到發(fā)音器官阻礙的音素稱為輔音。 發(fā)音時聲帶不振動的輔音稱為清輔音。 發(fā)音聲帶振動的輔音稱為濁輔音。,HAVE A BREAK,3.輔音因素分類,A. 按聲帶是否振動分 清輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ / / /t/ /ts/ /tr/ /h/ 濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z

2、/ / / / /d/ /dz/ /dr/ /r/ /l/ /w/ /j/ /m/ /n/ / B.按發(fā)音方法分 爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 摩擦音 /f/ /v/ / / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ /r/ 破擦音 /t/ /d/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ / 舌邊音 /l/ 半元音 /w/ /j/,4.輔音字母的讀音規(guī)則,b /b/ bag ball bike c /k/ call can /s/ city nice d /d / dad date f /f/ family father g /g/ game get

3、girl /d/ page age cage giraffe h /h/ hat have j /d/ job join k /k/ key kid l /l/ last late,m /m/ many math name n /n/ name nice pen nine p /p/ play pen map pencil r /r/ red ruler read s /s/ sad salad /z/ is his t /t/ table take v /v/ video violin w /w/ want watch x /ks/ six sixteen fox box y /j/ 在詞首

4、 yes year yellow /i/ early friendly /ai/ by try fly z /z/ zoo zebra,1.ch /t/ chair chess 10. tr /tr/ tree try 2.sh / fish wish 11. dr /dr/ dry drive 3.th / three thank 12. ts /ts/ cats hats / / this with 13. ds /dz/ hands cards 4.gh / f / laugh cough 14. wh /h/ who whose 5.ph / f / phone photo /w/ w

5、here why 6.ck / k / clock back 15. wr /r/ write wrong 7.kn / n / know knife 16. qu/kw/ quite quick 8.nk /k/ think ink 17.igh/ai/ high fight 9.ng / sing song,5.輔音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,6.元音字母及字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,ay,ey,oy,uy; aw,ew,ow;ar,er,or,ir,ur 組合 a,e,i,o,u 互組,元音字母與元音字母組合在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音,a /e/(開音節(jié)) age case date wake late /(閉

6、音節(jié)) at bag bat cat mat map /e/（any） any many anything /在w或wh后 want watch what /:/ (在f,ss,th等前) afternoon class father al /:/字母組合 all also ball call ay /e/字母組合 day May play ai /e/字母組合 wait tail nail sail ar /:/字母組合 art card star start smart,e /i:/(開音節(jié)) we be he me she these /e/(閉音節(jié)) bed best desk red

7、 get let pen ea /i:/字母組合 meat eat please cream tea ea /e/字母組合 breakfast head dead ea /字母組合 real really theater ea /e/字母組合 great break breaker ear /字母組合 hear near dear ear /:/字母組合 learn earn early ee /i:/字母組合 green need see er /:/字母組合 her certain certainly,i /a/ (開音節(jié)) ice like nice nine write bike /

8、(閉音節(jié)) big sit little kid list with igh /a/字母組合 high right night light fight ir /:/ 字母組合 girl sir first birthday,u /ju:/(開音節(jié)) student use computer music unit /u:/ (開音節(jié)) June ruler blue glue /(閉音節(jié)) bus but cup drum lunch run fun /(閉音節(jié)) put pull push pushy,o /(開音節(jié)) rose go no so note sofa /(閉音節(jié)) clock

9、not hot dog lot mom /u:/(結(jié)尾時) do two to who oo /u:/字母組合 moon soon cool too zoo oo /字母組合 book look good wool / (在l,m,n,v,th前) colour love come son mother oa /字母組合 goat coat boat coach oy /字母組合 boy toy joy,ow /a/字母組合 how cow now wow /字母組合 yellow window snow low show ore /:/字母組合 more before store our /

10、:/字母組合 your four oor /:/字母組合 floor door poor ou /a/字母組合 found sound around out mountain /u:/字母組合 you group through soup /字母組合 young country one or /:/字母組合 for report short north forty /:/在w后 word world worth worse,2.元音字母與元音字母組合在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音,a / around about again ar/er / answer brother grammar e/i/o /, / April student violin h