牛津初中英語語法匯總

1、牛津初中英語語法匯總1.名詞2.代詞3.數(shù)詞4.介詞和介詞短語5.連詞6.形容詞（比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)）7.副詞（比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)）8.冠詞9.動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）10.時(shí)態(tài):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)11.被動(dòng)語態(tài)12.非謂語動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞不定式 13.主從復(fù)合句賓語從句狀語從句（if，unless，although，sothat）定語從句（who，that，which）14.直接引語與間接引語牛津初中英語語法歸納7AUnit1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(is/am/are,do/does)的肯定、否定和疑問形式。例：Myhairislong.Catseatfish.H

2、egoestoschoolonfooteveryday.7AUnit21人稱代詞主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,they.在句中作主語。例：We/I/You/Theyhavelunchatschool.He/She/Itlooksatme.2人稱代詞賓格：me,you,him,her,it,us,them在句中作賓語。例：Theteacheroftenhelpsus/me/him/her/them.7AUnit3時(shí)間介詞at,on,in疑問詞：what,which,who,whose,when,where,why,howsome,any的用法7AUnit4頻率副詞never,sel

3、dom,sometimes,often,usually,alwaysTherebe結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某個(gè)地方客觀存在”。7AUnit5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are+doing表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.7AUnit6can,may表示“允許、可以”。順序副詞：first,then,next,afterwards,finally.7BUnit1方位介詞：infrontof,between,nextto,between,opposite,on基數(shù)詞：one,two,three,four,序數(shù)詞：first,second,third,fourth.7BUnit2howmuch,howmany.表示“多少”，前者跟不

4、可數(shù)名詞，后者跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。名詞所有格:Millieshome,Thetwostudentshomes.形容詞性物主代詞：my,your,his,her,our,their,its名詞性物主代詞：mine,yours,his,her,ours,theirs,its4.定冠詞the的用法:獨(dú)一無二的，前文已提到過的。7BUnit3動(dòng)作介詞：across,along,through,over,to,up,down,round,from一般將來時(shí)：will+動(dòng)詞原形，shall+動(dòng)詞原形（但只能用于we/I第一人稱）is/am/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形7BUnit4一般過去時(shí)的肯定、否定和

5、疑問形式。be動(dòng)詞的過去式：was/weredo（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）的過去式分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩類。7BUnit5用can/could表示“能力”“會(huì)”。IcanspeakEnglish.IcouldswimwhenIwasyoung.用can/could表示“可能”“可能性”。Iamfree.Icanhelpyou.Atthattime,anythingcouldhappen.感嘆句Whatagoodgirl!Whatbadweather!Howniceitis!7BUnit6祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式：Walkthedogat7:00.(Please)dontchasethecat.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shoul

6、d,oughtto&must的用法should(應(yīng)該)/shouldnt(不應(yīng)該)，oughtto(應(yīng)該)/oughtnotto（不應(yīng)該）,must(必須)/mustnt(不可以，不允許)8AUnit11.描述性形容詞，如：short,long,round,interesting,funny,slim,important,beautiful等。2形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)則的bigger/thebiggestmoreimportant/themostimportant不規(guī)則的worse/theworst表示“比較”的句式：as+形容詞+as-“和。一樣”notas/so+形容詞+as“。不如。”

7、8AUnit2比較兩者間的數(shù)量用以下句式：more.than,fewer.than.,lessthan例：Ihavemore/fewerapplesthanyou.(后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞)Ihavemore/lessfreetimethanhe/him.（后跟不可數(shù)名詞）2比較兩者以上間的數(shù)量用themost,thefewest,theleast.例：Amyscoredthemost/fewestpointsofall.Danielhastheleastmoneyofthethree.3用like&alike來比較。例：Myskirtis/lookslikehers.=Myskirtandhersar

8、ealike.4.用詞組thesameas&bedifferentfrom來比較8AUnit31.and,but,or(或者)的用法。2.動(dòng)詞+todo這些動(dòng)詞有：plan,agree,want,decide,choose,hope,learn,prepare等。3反身代詞：myself,yourself,yourselves,ourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves8AUnit4由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句1.用來描述可能出現(xiàn)的情況，主句時(shí)態(tài)用將來時(shí)，如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.2用來描述反復(fù)

9、的、可預(yù)見的情況，主句時(shí)態(tài)用一般時(shí)。如：Iftigersarehungry,theyattackpeople.8AUnit51.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示“將來”。如：Thetrainleavesat9:00.2用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“將來”，如：WeareleavingforShanghaithisevening.3方式副詞：quietly,gently,easily,well往往由形容詞+ly變成副詞，如：quietquietly,easyeasily,possiblepossibly少數(shù)副詞和形容詞同形，如：fast,early,long等。注意：goodwell,nearnearly,hard-har

10、dly8AUnit61.表示原因的連詞：because,as,since.(這些詞放在原因從句之前，主句不能再用so.)2.表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的句式：tell/ask/order/advise/warnsb.(not)todosth.8BUnit1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+PP表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響?？隙ā⒎穸ê鸵蓡栃问匠Ｓ玫囊恍r(shí)間狀語，如：already,ever,for,since,just,never,yet等。for+一段時(shí)間，since+過去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間/用過去式的從句，相對(duì)應(yīng)的主句動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：leave-beaway,die-bedead,borr

11、ow-keep,buyhave,come-behere,join-bein/beamemberof等。如：Hehasleftalready.Hehasbeenawayfortwohours.8BUnit21.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的。2.肯定、否定和疑問形式.3.while和when在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中的用法：進(jìn)行時(shí)+while+進(jìn)行時(shí)過去式，while+進(jìn)行時(shí)=when+過去式，進(jìn)行時(shí)例：IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyfatherwaswatchingTV.Thebellrangwhilehewasreadingbooks.Whenth

12、ebellrang,hewasreadingbooks.(以上這兩句主從句前后可以互換)8BUnit3被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+PP時(shí)態(tài)變化都只改變be的各種形式肯定、否定和疑問形式不是所有的動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)形式，如感覺動(dòng)詞:feel,smell,look,taste,sound和happen,takeplace等。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如:Thisshirtsellswell.（詳細(xì)見課件復(fù)習(xí)）8BUnit4because,becauseof,so的用法。because+從句，becauseof+短語(but:whatyousaid),兩者后都跟原因。so后跟結(jié)果的從句。同一句子中，不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)beca

13、use/becauseof和so.2hope&wish的用法hope所希望的是有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，但wish所希望的是現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。如：Ihopeyoucancometomyparty.IwishIwerethePresident.3.主語hopetodosth.,主語hope其他人做某事，要跟從句。wish可用來向某人祝福，如：Iwishyouahappynewyear!8BUnit5賓語從句(陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句)usedto&beusedto的用法usedtodo意思為：過去常常，過去曾。如：Heusedtobeateacher.Heusedtogetupearly.beused

14、todoing/sth.意思為：習(xí)慣于做某事，如：Heisusedtothebadweather.Heisusedtogettingupearly.8BUnit6三個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Its+形容詞+that從句，如：Itisnecessarythatwehelptheelderly.Its+形容詞+todosth.，如ItsusefultolearnEnglishwell.Its+形容詞+forsb(not).todosth.，如：Itsnecessaryforustoprotecttheenvironment.9AUnit11.句式：Itis+形容詞（性格）+ofsb.+(not)todosth.

15、如：Itskindofyoutohelpme.2.句式：主語+be+形容詞+enough+todosth.如：Theyarepatientenoughtowaitformefor2hours.3.句子的不同成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語。9AUnit2固定結(jié)構(gòu)：wouldratherthan寧愿。也不愿。如：Onsucharainyday,Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.固定結(jié)構(gòu)：preferto寧愿。不愿。，比起。更喜歡。如：Ipreferredtoblue.Onsucharainyday,Ipreferstayingathometogoingout

16、.不定代詞：someone/somebody,anyone/anybody,noone/nobodysomething,anything,nothing,none作主語時(shí)為單數(shù)，形容詞后置。9AUnit31.疑問詞+todo如：Idontknowhowtodoit./whattodo.Wehaventdecidedwhentohavethemeeting.2句子種類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。3賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Wefindhimagoodboy/good.4.5種句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語+謂語Millieisreading.主語+謂語+賓語Millieisreadingabook.主語+謂語+表語M

17、illieishere.主語+謂語間接賓語直接賓語Wegavehimabook.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)WecallhimTom.9AUnit41.介詞短語：between.and.,from.to.2.連詞：before,after,until/notuntil3.連詞：while&asWhile+進(jìn)行時(shí)，進(jìn)行時(shí)while/as+進(jìn)行時(shí)，非進(jìn)行時(shí)（短暫性動(dòng)詞）As+非進(jìn)行時(shí)（短暫性動(dòng)詞），非進(jìn)行時(shí)（短暫性動(dòng)詞）9AUnit51過去完成時(shí)had+PP(過去分詞)2用should,oughtto,hadbetter,haveto,must表示建議。否定形式：oughtnottohadbettern

18、ot,donthaveto/neednt3.用whynot,whydontyou,perhaps來表示建議，要放在句首。9AUnit61易混淆的單詞：bring/take,hear/listen,see/look/watch,come/go2有時(shí)態(tài)變化的間接引語。時(shí)間狀語的變化（P103）疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要注意疑問語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序、句尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。9BUnit11.用can/could,may/might來表示允許。四單詞正式語氣遞增。2.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。3If/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。9BUnit21由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。2inordertodo&asaresult3.

19、needtodo,need有時(shí)態(tài)變化，否定形式要用助動(dòng)詞do.does,did牛津初中英語不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞匯總現(xiàn)在式（動(dòng)詞原形）過去式過去分詞am,iswasbeenarewerebeenbecomebecamebecomebeginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokenbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburned/burntburned/burntbuyboughtboughtcancould-catchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutdigdugd

20、ugdo,doesdiddonedrawdrewdrawndreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflownforgetforgotforgottenforgiveforgaveforgivengetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhas,havehadhadhearheardheardhidehidhiddenhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtkeepkeptkeptknowknewknownlaylaidlaidlearnlearned/learntlearned/learntleaveleftleft