圖書管理系統(tǒng) c++ 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

1、數(shù) 據(jù) 結(jié) 構(gòu)課 程 設(shè) 計(jì) 說 明 書學(xué)生姓名:學(xué) 院:軟件學(xué)院專 業(yè):信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)題 目:圖書管理系統(tǒng)成績(jī)指導(dǎo)教師2011年1月6日1設(shè)計(jì)目的(小標(biāo)題黑體五號(hào)字)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)課程主要介紹最常用的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，闡明各種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，討論其在計(jì)算機(jī)中的存儲(chǔ)表示，以及在其上進(jìn)行各種運(yùn)算時(shí)的實(shí)現(xiàn)算法，并對(duì)算法的效率進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的分析和討論。進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)要達(dá)到以下目的：n 了解并掌握數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法的設(shè)計(jì)方法，具備初步的獨(dú)立分析和設(shè)計(jì)能力；n 初步掌握軟件開發(fā)過程的問題分析、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、程序編碼、測(cè)試等基本方法和技能；n 提高綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)和方法獨(dú)立分析和解決問題的能力；訓(xùn)練用系統(tǒng)的

2、觀點(diǎn)和軟件開發(fā)一般規(guī)范進(jìn)行軟件開發(fā)，培養(yǎng)軟件工作者所應(yīng)具備的科學(xué)的工作方法和作風(fēng)。2設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和要求1)每種書的登記內(nèi)容包括書號(hào)、書名、著作者、現(xiàn)存量和庫存量；2)對(duì)書號(hào)建立索引表（線性表）以提高查找效率；3)系統(tǒng)主要功能如下：*采編入庫：新購(gòu)一種書，確定書號(hào)后，登記到圖書帳目表中，如果表中已有，則只將庫存量增加； *借閱：如果一種書的現(xiàn)存量大于0，則借出一本，登記借閱者的書證號(hào)和歸還期限，改變現(xiàn)存量； *歸還：注銷對(duì)借閱者的登記，改變?cè)摃默F(xiàn)存量。3本設(shè)計(jì)所采用的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)定義圖書鏈表和圖書索引結(jié)構(gòu)struct Book char BookID10;/*圖書編號(hào)*/ char BookName5

3、12;/*書名*/ char Writer512;/*作者*/ int CurrentNumber;/*現(xiàn)存量*/ Book *pNext;/*下一個(gè)圖書信息*/;struct Index char BookID10;/*圖書編號(hào)*/ Index *pNext;/*下一個(gè)索引指針*/;/*借閱信息結(jié)構(gòu)*/struct Borrow char BookID10;/*借閱圖書編號(hào)*/ char BookName512; /*書名*/ unsigned long StuID; /*圖書證號(hào)*/ char ReturnTime512;/*歸還日期*/ Borrow *pNext; /*下一個(gè)借閱信息*

4、/;4功能模塊詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)4.1 詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)思想主函數(shù)main()主函數(shù)通過一個(gè)switch語句實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)功能的選擇。主菜單選擇函數(shù)ShowMainMenu()此函數(shù)包括退出系統(tǒng)，圖書入庫，查詢庫存，查詢借閱和歸還圖書五個(gè)函數(shù)，通過調(diào)用主菜單函數(shù)判斷用戶做出的選擇，從而進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的操作。圖書入庫函數(shù)PutBookInLib()此函數(shù)通過的創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圖書鏈表，達(dá)到對(duì)新進(jìn)書判斷，若在現(xiàn)有的圖書中找到該書，則直接進(jìn)行入庫，并記錄下圖書的數(shù)量，若找完整個(gè)圖書量表也沒找到該書，則要記錄下新進(jìn)圖書的名稱，作者，數(shù)量，并把該書插入到已有數(shù)中，方便下次對(duì)新書的判斷。查詢圖書館庫存函數(shù)QueryBookLib()查詢圖書

5、館庫存,查詢不改變數(shù)據(jù),故傳入指針即可。顯示圖書的編號(hào)、名稱、作者、現(xiàn)有量以及庫存量借閱圖書函數(shù)BorrowBook()此函數(shù)通過讀者的圖書證號(hào)對(duì)讀者鏈表從頭至尾進(jìn)行查找，若找到讀者，則顯示讀者圖書證號(hào)以及姓名，然后利用for循環(huán)和指針，對(duì)讀者所借圖書進(jìn)行查找并顯示。若找不到讀者，顯示讀者標(biāo)號(hào)不存在，按任意鍵回到查找菜單選擇函數(shù)界面。借閱圖書函數(shù)BorrowBook()此函數(shù)需要讀者輸入的圖書證號(hào)，根據(jù)讀者輸入的要借的圖書編號(hào)，再利用while循環(huán)遍歷是否存在該書，若該書不存在，則顯示此書不存在，若該書存在，再利用if判斷是否還有現(xiàn)存，若無現(xiàn)存，在提示此書已借完，若還有現(xiàn)存，提示借書成功，根據(jù)

6、庫函數(shù) time.h自動(dòng)登記歸還日期。查詢借閱函數(shù)QueryBorrow（）此函數(shù)通過while循環(huán)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)所有已借出圖書的遍歷，并輸出所有已借出圖書的信息。歸還圖書函數(shù)ReturnBook()此函數(shù)也是以用圖書鏈表和讀者鏈表對(duì)讀者還書進(jìn)行操作，根據(jù)讀者輸入的圖書證號(hào)，利用while循環(huán)對(duì)讀者鏈表進(jìn)行遍歷，查找是否存在該讀者，若讀者不存在，則提示該讀者的圖書證號(hào)不存在，若讀者存在，根據(jù)讀者輸入的要還的圖書編號(hào)，再利用while循環(huán)遍歷是否存在該書，若該書不存在，則顯示此書編號(hào)不存在，若該書存在，則利用for循環(huán)把讀者的圖書鏈表中要還書后面的書向前移一個(gè)單位，覆蓋掉鏈表中該書的信息，并把讀者的借書

7、量減一，把圖書的現(xiàn)存量加一。4.2 核心代碼#include #include #include #include #ifndef _DATA_STRUCT_H_#define _DATA_STRUCT_H_#endif/*_DATA_STRUCT_H_*/*圖書結(jié)構(gòu)*/struct Book char BookID10;/*圖書編號(hào)*/ char BookName512;/*書名*/ char Writer512;/*作者*/ int CurrentNumber;/*現(xiàn)存量*/ Book *pNext;/*下一個(gè)圖書信息*/;/*圖書索引結(jié)構(gòu)*/struct Index char BookI

8、D10;/*圖書編號(hào)*/ Index *pNext;/*下一個(gè)索引指針*/;/*借閱信息結(jié)構(gòu)*/struct Borrow char BookID10; /*借閱圖書編號(hào)*/ char BookName512; /*書名*/ unsigned long StuID; /*圖書證號(hào)*/ char ReturnTime512;/*歸還日期*/ Borrow *pNext; /*下一個(gè)借閱信息*/;/*獲取輸入字符串*/void GetInput(char *pInOutStr,int StrLen,bool OnlyGetNumber = false);/*顯示主菜單 并返回選擇*/int Sho

9、wMainMenu();/*圖書入庫操作,傳入?yún)?shù)為圖書列表頭指針的指針和索引信息的頭指針的指針,因?yàn)樵诖撕瘮?shù)內(nèi)部可能會(huì)改變頭指針的值*/void PutBookInLib(Book *pHead,Index *pIndex);/*查詢圖書館庫存,查詢不改變數(shù)據(jù),故傳入指針即可*/void QueryBookLib(Book *pHead);/*借閱圖書*/void BorrowBook(Borrow *pBorrow,Book *pHead);/*查詢借閱*/void QueryBorrow(Borrow *pBorrow);/*歸還圖書*/void ReturnBook(Borrow *p

10、Borrow,Book *pHead);/*釋放圖書鏈表及索引鏈表及借閱信息鏈表*/void DeleteBookList(Book *pHead);void DeleteIndexList(Index *pIndex);void DeleteBorrowList(Borrow *pBorrow);int main() /*圖書列表頭指針*/ Book *pBookHead = NULL; /*圖書索引頭指針*/ Index *pIndexHead = NULL; /*借閱信息頭指針*/ Borrow *pBorrowHead = NULL; /*用來保存當(dāng)前用戶的輸入*/ int Choos

11、edNum = -1; while ( true ) ChoosedNum = ShowMainMenu(); switch(ChoosedNum) case 0 :/*退出*/ return 0; break; case 1:/*圖書入庫*/ PutBookInLib(&pBookHead,&pIndexHead); break; case 2:/*查詢庫存*/ QueryBookLib(pBookHead); printf(按回車鍵繼續(xù).); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls); break; case 3:/*借閱圖書*/ QueryBookLib

12、(pBookHead); BorrowBook(&pBorrowHead,pBookHead); break; case 4:/*查詢借閱*/ QueryBorrow(pBorrowHead); printf(按回車鍵繼續(xù).); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls); break; case 5:/*歸還圖書*/ QueryBorrow(pBorrowHead); ReturnBook(&pBorrowHead,pBookHead); break; DeleteBookList(&pBookHead); DeleteIndexList(&pIndexHea

13、d); DeleteBorrowList(&pBorrowHead); fflush(stdin); getchar(); return 0;/*獲取輸入字符串*/void GetInput(char *pInOutStr,int StrLen,bool OnlyGetNumber) memset(pInOutStr,0x0,StrLen); fflush(stdin); int Count = 0; while ( true ) char TmpC = 0; fread(&TmpC,1,1,stdin); if ( 10 = TmpC ) break; if ( OnlyGetNumber

14、& TmpC = 0 & TmpC = 9 ) pInOutStrCount = TmpC; Count+; else pInOutStrCount = TmpC; Count+; /*顯示主菜單 并返回選擇*/int ShowMainMenu() char InPutStr1024; NO_INPUT: printf(nnn); printf(*n); printf(* 圖書管理系統(tǒng) *n); printf(*n); printf(n); printf(請(qǐng)選擇:n); printf(t1.圖書入庫n); printf(t2.查詢庫存n); printf(t3.借閱圖書n); printf(t

15、4.查詢借閱n); printf(t5.歸還圖書n); printf(t0.退出n); printf(n); printf(t輸入 : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024,true); if ( strlen(InPutStr) BookID,InPutStr);system(cls); printf(輸入圖書名稱 : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024); strcpy(pTmpNewBook-BookName,InPutStr); system(cls); printf(n,pTmpNewBook-BookName); printf(圖書作者 : ); Ge

16、tInput(InPutStr,1024); strcpy(pTmpNewBook-Writer,InPutStr); system(cls); printf(n,pTmpNewBook-BookName); printf(作者:%sn,pTmpNewBook-Writer); printf(入庫數(shù)量 : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024,true); pTmpNewBook-CurrentNumber = atoi(InPutStr); if ( pTmpNewBook-CurrentNumber BookName,pTmpNewBook-BookName) = 0 & s

17、trcmp(pWork-Writer,pTmpNewBook-Writer) = 0 ) pWork-CurrentNumber += pTmpNewBook-CurrentNumber; return; pWork = pWork-pNext; pWork = *pHead; while ( pWork-pNext != NULL ) pWork = pWork-pNext; pWork-pNext = pTmpNewBook; Index *pWork2 = *pIndex; while ( pWork2-pNext != NULL ) pWork2 = pWork2-pNext; pWo

18、rk2-pNext = pTmpIndex; system(cls); printf(圖書:n作者:%sn入庫數(shù):%dnn入庫操作成功!(按回車鍵繼續(xù).),pTmpNewBook-BookName,pTmpNewBook-Writer,pTmpNewBook-CurrentNumber); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls);/*釋放圖書鏈表及索引鏈表*/void DeleteBookList(Book *pHead) Book *pWork = *pHead; Book *pNext = pWork; while ( NULL != pWork ) p

19、Next = pWork-pNext; free(pWork); pWork = pNext; void DeleteIndexList(Index *pIndex) Index *pWork = *pIndex; Index *pNext = pWork; while ( NULL != pWork ) pNext = pWork-pNext; free(pWork); pWork = pNext; void DeleteBorrowList(Borrow *pBorrow) Borrow *pWork = *pBorrow; Borrow *pNext = pWork; while ( N

20、ULL != pWork ) pNext = pWork-pNext; free(pWork); pWork = pNext; /*查詢圖書館庫存,查詢不改變數(shù)據(jù),故傳入指針即可*/void QueryBookLib(Book *pHead) Book *pWork = pHead; int TotalCount = 0; while ( NULL != pWork ) TotalCount+; pWork = pWork-pNext; system(cls); printf(當(dāng)前庫存共%d種圖書,列表如下:n=n,TotalCount); pWork = pHead; while ( NUL

21、L != pWork ) printf( 書名: 作者:%s 當(dāng)前庫存:%dn,pWork-BookName,pWork-Writer,pWork-CurrentNumber); pWork = pWork-pNext; printf(=n,TotalCount);/*借閱圖書*/void BorrowBook(Borrow *pBorrow,Book *pHead) char InPutStr1024; bool HadTheBook = false; Borrow *pTmpBorrow = (Borrow *)(malloc(sizeof(Borrow); memset(pTmpBorr

22、ow,0x0,sizeof(Borrow); printf(請(qǐng)輸入你想借書的編號(hào) : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024); strcpy(pTmpBorrow-BookID,InPutStr); Book *pWorkBook = pHead; while ( pWorkBook != NULL ) if ( strcmp(pWorkBook-BookID,pTmpBorrow-BookID)=0) HadTheBook = true; break; pWorkBook = pWorkBook-pNext; if ( HadTheBook ) if ( pWorkBook-C

23、urrentNumber 1 ) system(cls); printf(圖書當(dāng)前無庫存,無法借閱!n(按回車鍵繼續(xù).),pWorkBook-BookName); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls); free(pTmpBorrow); return; else system(cls); printf(圖書編號(hào)%s不存在!n(按回車鍵繼續(xù).),pTmpBorrow-BookID); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls); free(pTmpBorrow); return; strcpy(pTmpBorrow-Book

24、Name,pWorkBook-BookName); printf(請(qǐng)輸入借書證號(hào) : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024,true); pTmpBorrow-StuID = atoi(InPutStr); if ( 0 = pTmpBorrow-StuID ) system(cls); printf(借書證號(hào)不存在(借書證號(hào)輸入整數(shù))!n(按回車鍵繼續(xù).); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls); free(pTmpBorrow); return; time_t ltime; struct tm *today; time(<ime);

25、ltime += 60 * 60 * 24 * 30; today = localtime(<ime); sprintf(pTmpBorrow-ReturnTime,%d年%d月%d日, today-tm_year+1900, today-tm_mon+1, today-tm_mday); if ( *pBorrow = NULL ) *pBorrow = pTmpBorrow; else Borrow *pWork = *pBorrow; while ( NULL != pWork-pNext ) pWork = pWork-pNext; pWork-pNext = pTmpBorrow

26、; pWorkBook-CurrentNumber-; system(cls); printf(借書證號(hào):%dn借閱圖書:nn操作成功!(按回車鍵繼續(xù).),pTmpBorrow-StuID,pTmpBorrow-BookName); fflush(stdin); getchar(); system(cls);/*查詢借閱*/void QueryBorrow(Borrow *pBorrow) Borrow *pWork = pBorrow; int TotalCount = 0; while ( NULL != pWork ) TotalCount+; pWork = pWork-pNext;

27、system(cls); printf(當(dāng)前借閱信息共%d條,列表如下:n=n,TotalCount); pWork = pBorrow; while ( NULL != pWork ) printf(借數(shù)證號(hào):%d 借書名: 歸還日期:%sn,pWork-StuID,pWork-BookName,pWork-ReturnTime); pWork = pWork-pNext; printf(=n,TotalCount);/*歸還圖書*/void ReturnBook(Borrow *pBorrow,Book *pHead) char InPutStr1024; Borrow TmpBorrow

28、; bool HasFindBorrwo = false; memset(&TmpBorrow,0x0,sizeof(TmpBorrow); printf(請(qǐng)輸入借書證號(hào) : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024,true); TmpBorrow.StuID = atoi(InPutStr); printf(請(qǐng)輸入所還圖書編號(hào) : ); GetInput(InPutStr,1024); strcpy(TmpBorrow.BookID,InPutStr); Borrow *pWorkBorrow = *pBorrow; Borrow *pDeletePre = NULL; while ( NULL != pWorkBorrow ) if (strcmp(pWorkBorrow-Bo