動詞-ed形式的用法

1、 V-ed形式的用法過去分詞作定語 I. 基本了解1. V-ed 形式的構(gòu)成V-ed形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化之分。規(guī)則的V-ed形式由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則的V-ed形式情況各異。2. V-ed 形式的意義及物動詞的V-ed形式表示被動和完成，不及物動詞的V-ed形式僅表示完成。自填助記a(n) cup 一個破杯子 the novel 出版了的小說a(n) country 發(fā)達國家 the leaves 落葉Key broken; published; developed; fallen II. V-ed形式作定語時的位置及意義1. 位置單個V-ed形式作定語時要放在被修飾的詞語之

2、前，V-ed形式短語作定語時要放在被修飾的詞語之后。自填助記 He is _(一名退休工人). _(那個丟失的孩子) was found at last. _ (那個在電影院里丟失的孩子) was found at last. We are going to talk about the problem _ (上次會上討論的).Key a retired worker The lost child The child lost in the cinema discussed at the last meeting2. 意義(1) V-ed形式作定語，意義上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。(2) 及物動詞的

3、V-ed形式和邏輯主語（即它所修飾的名詞）之間是被動關(guān)系，強調(diào)動作已完成，可以替換為一個謂語動詞是被動語態(tài)的定語從句。(3) 不及物動詞的V-ed形式和邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系（即只說明邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)和具有的特點等），強調(diào)動作已完成，可以替換為一個謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)的定語從句。自填助記 The house, built a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthquake.= The house, _ a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthquake. There are a lo

4、t of fallen leaves in autumn.= There are a lot of leaves _ in autumn. Key which was built which / that have fallen 高考鏈接1. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm. 2009年北京卷A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow2. The trees in the storm have been moved off the ro

5、ad. 2008年湖南卷A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D to blow down3. It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. 2008年浙江卷A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found4. The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. 2007年上海卷A. to be comp

6、leted B. having been completedC. Completed D. being completed5. “Things never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. 2007年湖南卷A. lost B. Losing C. to lose D. have lost Key 1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A過去分詞作賓語補足語 內(nèi)容簡介：過去分詞作賓補，表示被動或完成意義。過去分詞與賓語之間通常存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 過去分詞作賓補常用于以下四種情況：一、用在感官動詞see, watch, noti

7、ce, find, observe, catch, hear, feel等后面作賓補。如：She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital.她看到那個受傷的男人被抬進了醫(yī)院?！究祭c擊】In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷)A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased【A】【拓展】非謂語動詞用在感官動詞后作賓補的區(qū)別：不定式

8、(不帶to)常表示動作已結(jié)束，強調(diào)動作的全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，強調(diào)當(dāng)時的情景，為部分過程；過去分詞與賓語之間為被動關(guān)系或表示動作已完成?！究祭c擊】After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice him. (2007上海春)A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call 【A】二、用在使役動詞have, make, get, keep, leave等后面作賓補。如：He managed to get the task finished on time. 他設(shè)法

9、按時完成了任務(wù)?！究祭c擊】Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. (2007福建卷)A. improved B. Improving C. to improve D. Improve 【A】【特別提醒】(1) 在“have+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中，充當(dāng)賓補的有do，doing和 done。do表示主動，動作可能發(fā)生；doing表示主動，動作在持續(xù)；have sth. done請別人來做某事或遭遇到某情況。如：The director had

10、her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全國II卷)A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up 【C】(2) 在“make+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中用do或done而不用doing作賓補。如：My parents have always made me about myself, even when I was twelve.(2007江蘇卷)A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good【D】(3)“keep/lea

11、ve+賓語+賓補”，賓補由過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞等充當(dāng)。They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. (2009全國II卷)A. being run B. run C. to run D. running【D】三、用在order, want, wish, expect等表示“希望、要求”的動詞后面作賓補。如：【考例點擊】She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we dont think they would be verypopular. (2007上海春)A. display B. to disp

12、lay C. displaying D. displayed【D】【拓展】此類動詞后跟to do和done作賓補。to do表主動，done表被動。四、在“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”中作賓補。如：The day ended with nothing settled.那一天什么也沒解決就結(jié)束了。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽卷)A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【A】【拓展】在

13、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關(guān)系，過去分詞表示被動關(guān)系。如： Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷)A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【B】過去分詞作定語、表語 一、過去分詞作定語：1. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.2. People today ten

14、d to choose vegetables grown without chemicals.3. The money raised at the evening will be sent to the earthquake survivors as soon as possible.通過對三個例句的觀察，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)過去分詞作定語的主要知識點：(1)單個的過去分詞作定語一般置于被修飾的名詞之前。如：cooked food, boiled water, fried eggs, a forced smile.過去分詞短語作定語則置于被修飾的名詞之后。如：problems left over by

15、 history, a woman dressed in green.(2) 及物動詞的過去分詞表示“被動”或“被動并結(jié)束了的動作”，如：vegetables grown without chemicals，a repaired car不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示“動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前”或“動作已完成、已結(jié)束”，不表示被動。如：fallen leaves, faded flowers, the risen sun(3) 及物動詞的過去分詞可以擴展為一個謂語動詞是被動語態(tài)的定語從句。如：vegetables grown without chemicals = vegetables which a

16、re grown without chemicals不及物動詞的過去分詞可以擴展為一個謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)的定語從句。如：fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen二、過去分詞作表語:1. The young NBA basketball king James is married.We are excited to hear the good news.2. The window of my room is broken. 我房間的窗戶是壞的。（表主語所處狀態(tài)）The window of my room is broken by my naughty cou

17、sin.我房間的窗戶是被淘氣的表弟打壞的。（表被動）3. Dont be so disappointed.（表主語主觀上覺得失望的心理感受）The result of the exam is disappointing.（表主語客觀上具有令人失望的性質(zhì)特征）通過對這三組例句的觀察，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)過去分詞作表語的主要特征：(1) 過去分詞作表語表示主語所處狀態(tài)或主觀心理感受，相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用。如例句1中的married (已婚的)，excited(激動的)。此類常見詞還有：表狀態(tài)：addicted, broken, gone, lost, seated, absorbed, dressed, s

18、eparated, engaged表主觀心理感受：excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, surprised, frightened(2) 過去分詞作表語還需把握好兩點，即區(qū)分表示“主語所處狀態(tài)”與表示被動語態(tài)的過去分詞；區(qū)分v-ed形容詞表“主觀心理感受”與v-ing形容詞表“客觀上具有的性質(zhì)特征”。三、高考直擊：例1 The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008湖南卷)A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to b

19、low down解析:B。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)題干中 have been moved off the road可知，樹是已被吹倒的，blown down作定語表示動作已發(fā)生，且與被修飾詞The trees是被動關(guān)系。例2 The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.(2007上海卷)A. to be completed B. having been completedC. completed D. being completed解析: C。本題考查非謂語動詞。過去分詞作定語表示被動和

20、已經(jīng)完成的動作。根據(jù)時間狀語 in the 1800s 可判斷出要用過去分詞作定語。不定式的被動式作定語表示將要被做的事?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在被做的事。例3 Please remain ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008遼寧卷)A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated解析: B。本題考查非謂語動詞。remain 在此為系動詞，seated 相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，表示“坐好的”作表語。過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞作狀語應(yīng)注意以下幾點。一、過去分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系(1)

21、過去分詞作狀語表示被動或完成的動作。過去分詞與句子主語之間通常存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快?！靖呖兼溄?】 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 【B】【答題指導(dǎo)】分詞在句子中作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使

22、用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。比較：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city與see之間是被動關(guān)系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we與see之間是主謂關(guān)系)(2) 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動而表主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿著)。由某些

23、動詞后面加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do.湯姆對發(fā)生的一切非常驚訝，以至于不知如何是好?！靖呖兼溄?】 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top ofMount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 【B】二

24、、過去分詞作狀語所表示的意義過去分詞作狀語時表示時間、條件、原因、讓步時可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句；表示方式、結(jié)果和伴隨時可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.隔著一段距離看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken.= The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考鏈接3】 the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷)A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 【D】【高考鏈接4】Michaels new house is like a huge pa