Visual_C_數(shù)據(jù)綁定技術(shù)[1]

1、Visual C#中的數(shù)據(jù)綁定Visual C自身沒有類庫，和其他的.Net開發(fā)語言一樣，Visual C#調(diào)用的類庫是.Net框架中的一個共有的類庫-.Net FrameWork SDK。ADO.NET是.Net FrameWork SDK提供給.Net開發(fā)語言進行數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)的一個系列類庫的集合。在ADO.NET中雖然提供了大量的用于數(shù)據(jù)庫連接、數(shù)據(jù)處理的類庫，但卻沒有提供類 似DbText組件、DbList組件、DbLable組件、DbCombox組件等。要想把數(shù)據(jù)記錄以ComBox、ListBox等形式顯示處理，使 用數(shù)據(jù)綁定技術(shù)是最為方便、最為直接的方法。所謂數(shù)據(jù)綁定技術(shù)就是把已經(jīng)打開

2、的數(shù)據(jù)集中某個或者某些字段綁定到組件的某些屬性上面的一種技術(shù)。說的具體 些，就是把已經(jīng)打開數(shù)據(jù)的某個或者某些字段綁定到Text組件、ListBox組件、ComBox等組件上的能夠顯示數(shù)據(jù)的屬性上面。當(dāng)對組件完成數(shù)據(jù)綁 定后，其顯示字段的內(nèi)容將隨著數(shù)據(jù)記錄指針的變化而變化。這樣程序員就可以定制數(shù)據(jù)顯示方式和內(nèi)容，從而為以后的數(shù)據(jù)處理作好準(zhǔn)備。所以說數(shù)據(jù)綁定是 Visual C進行數(shù)據(jù)庫方面編程的基礎(chǔ)和最為重要的第一步。只有掌握了數(shù)據(jù)綁定方法，才可以十分方便對已經(jīng)打開的數(shù)據(jù)集中的記錄進行瀏覽、刪除、插入等具體的數(shù)據(jù) 操作、處理。 (下載源碼就到源碼網(wǎng):）數(shù)據(jù)綁定根據(jù)不

3、同組件可以分為二種，一種是簡單型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定，另外一種就是復(fù)雜型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定。所謂簡單型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定就是綁定后組 件顯示出來的字段只是單個記錄，這種綁定一般使用在顯示單個值的組件上，譬如：TextBox組件和Label組件。而復(fù)雜型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定就是綁定后的組件 顯示出來的字段是多個記錄，這種綁定一般使用在顯示多個值的組件上，譬如：ComBox組件、ListBox組件等。本文就是來詳細介紹如何用 Visual C實現(xiàn)這二種綁定。在數(shù)據(jù)庫的選擇上，為了使內(nèi)容更加全面，采用了當(dāng)下比較流行的二種數(shù)據(jù)庫，一種是本地數(shù)據(jù)庫Acess 2000，另外一種是遠程數(shù)據(jù)庫Sql Server 2000。一、本文程序設(shè)計和

4、運行的軟件環(huán)境（1）微軟公司視窗2000服務(wù)器版（2）.Net FrameWork SDK Beta 2（3）MADC 2.6（Microsoft Acess Data Component）以上版本二、程序中使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)字典（1）本地數(shù)據(jù)庫Access 2000的數(shù)據(jù)庫的名稱為db.mdb，在這個數(shù)據(jù)庫中定義了一張表person。這張表的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)如下表：字段名稱字段類型字段意思id數(shù)字序號xm文本姓名xb文本性別nl文本年齡zip文本郵政編碼（2）遠程數(shù)據(jù)庫Sql Server 2000的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器名稱為Server1,數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱為Data1，登陸的ID為sa，口令為空，在數(shù)據(jù)庫也定義

5、了一張person表，數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)如上表。三、數(shù)據(jù)綁定一般步驟（一）無論是簡單型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定，還是復(fù)雜型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定，要實現(xiàn)綁定的第一步就是就是要連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，得到可以操作的DataSet。下面二段代碼是分別連接Access 2000和Sql Server 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫，并獲得DataSet。 (下載源碼就到源碼網(wǎng):）（1）連接Access 2000，得到DataSet：/創(chuàng)建一個 OleDbConnection string strCon = Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source = db.mdb ; OleD

6、bConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ; string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ; file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ; myConn.Open ( ) ; file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集 OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ; file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表 myCommand

7、.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ; file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnection myConn.Close ( ) ;（2）連接Sql Server 2000，得到DataSet：/ 設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)連接字符串，此字符串的意思是打開Sql server數(shù)據(jù)庫， 服務(wù)器名稱為server1,數(shù)據(jù)庫為data1 string strCon = Provider = SQLOLEDB.1 ; Persist Security Info = False ; User ID = sa ; Initial Catalog = data1 ; Data Source = server1

8、 ; OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ; myConn.Open ( ) ; string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ; file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ; file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集 OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ; file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表 my

9、Command.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ; file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnection myConn.Close ( ) ;（二）根據(jù)不同組件，采用不同的數(shù)據(jù)綁定： 對于簡單型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定，數(shù)據(jù)綁定的方法其實比較簡單，在得到數(shù)據(jù)集以后，一般是通過把數(shù)據(jù)集中 的某個字段綁定到組件的顯示屬性上面，譬如TextBox組件和Label組件，是綁定到Text屬性。對于復(fù)雜型的數(shù)據(jù)綁定一般是通過設(shè)定其某些屬 性值來實現(xiàn)綁定的。這些下面將會具體介紹。四、簡單型組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定： （1）TextBox組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定： 通過下列語句就可以把數(shù)據(jù)集（即為：myDataSet）的某

10、個字段綁定到TextBox組件的“Text”屬性上面了：textBox1.DataBindings.Add ( Text , myDataSet , person.xm ) ;注釋：此時綁定是Access 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫中person表的xm字段。 由此可以得到綁定TextBox組件的源程序代碼（TextBox01.cs），下列代碼操作的數(shù)據(jù)庫是Access 2000，如下：public class Form1 : Form private TextBox textBox1 ; private Button button1 ; private System.Data.DataSet myDat

11、aSet ; private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ; public Form1 ( ) file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集 GetConnect ( ) ; InitializeComponent ( ) ; file:/清除程序中使用過的資源 protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing ) if ( disposing ) if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ; base.Dispose ( di

12、sposing ) ; private void GetConnect ( ) file:/創(chuàng)建一個 OleDbConnection string strCon = Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source = db.mdb ; OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ; string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ; file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ; myConn.Open

13、 ( ) ; file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集 OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ; file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表 myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ; file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnection myConn.Close ( ) ; private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) textBox1.Dat

14、aBindings.Add ( Text , myDataSet , person.xm ) ; static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ; 得到TextBox組件對本地數(shù)據(jù)庫中的字段進行數(shù)據(jù)綁定的程序后，可以方便的得到對遠程數(shù)據(jù)庫中的某些字段進行數(shù)據(jù)綁定的源程序代碼（TextBox02.cs），具體如下：public class Form1 : Form private TextBox textBox1 ; private Button button1 ; private System.Data.DataSet myDat

15、aSet ; private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ; public Form1 ( ) file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集 GetConnect ( ) ; InitializeComponent ( ) ; file:/清除程序中使用過的資源 protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing ) if ( disposing ) if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ; base.Dispose ( di

16、sposing ) ; private void GetConnect ( ) / 設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)連接字符串，此字符串的意思是打開Sql server數(shù)據(jù)庫，服務(wù)器名稱為server1,數(shù)據(jù)庫為data1 string strCon = Provider = SQLOLEDB.1 ; Persist Security Info = False ; User ID = sa ; Initial Catalog = data1 ; Data Source = server1 ; OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ; myCon

17、n.Open ( ) ; string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ; file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ; file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集 OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ; file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表 myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ; file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnection myC

18、onn.Close ( ) ; private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) textBox1.DataBindings.Add ( Text , myDataSet , person.xm ) ; static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ; （2）Label組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定： 在掌握了TextBox組件數(shù)據(jù)綁定以后，可以十分方便的得到Label組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定方法，因為這二者實現(xiàn)的方法實在是太相似了。下列語句是把得到數(shù)據(jù)集的xm字段綁定到La

19、bel組件的“Text”屬性上：label1.DataBindings.Add ( Text , myDataSet , person.xm ) ;注釋：此時綁定是Access 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫中person表的xm字段。由此可以得到Label組件數(shù)據(jù)綁定的源程序代碼（Label01.cs），本代碼操作數(shù)據(jù)庫是Access 2000：public class Form1 : Form private Label label1 ; private Button button1 ; private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet ; private System.Comp

20、onentModel.Container components = null ; public Form1 ( ) file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集 GetConnect ( ) ; InitializeComponent ( ) ; file:/清除程序中使用過的資源 protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing ) if ( disposing ) if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ; base.Dispose ( disposing ) ; private void G

21、etConnect ( ) file:/創(chuàng)建一個 OleDbConnection string strCon = Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source = db.mdb ; OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ; string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ; file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ; myConn.Open ( ) ; file:/用 OleDbDataAd

22、apter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集 OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ; file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表 myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ; file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnection myConn.Close ( ) ; private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) label1.DataBindings.Add ( Text , myDat

23、aSet , person.xm ) ; static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ; 得到了Label組件對Access 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)綁定的程序代碼，改換一下程序中數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，就可以得到Label組件對Sql Server 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)綁定的源程序代碼（Label02.cs），具體如下：public class Form1 : Form private Label label1 ; private Button button1 ; private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet ; pr

24、ivate System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ; public Form1 ( ) file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集 GetConnect ( ) ; InitializeComponent ( ) ; file:/清除程序中使用過的資源 protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing ) if ( disposing ) if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ; base.Dispose ( disposing )

25、 ; private void GetConnect ( ) / 設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)連接字符串，此字符串的意思是打開Sql server數(shù)據(jù)庫，服務(wù)器名稱為server1,數(shù)據(jù)庫為data1 string strCon = Provider = SQLOLEDB.1 ; Persist Security Info = False ; User ID = sa ; Initial Catalog = data1 ; Data Source = server1 ; OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ; myConn.Open (

26、) ; string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ; file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ; file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集 OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ; file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表 myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ; file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnection myConn.Close

27、 ( ) ; private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e ) label1.DataBindings.Add ( Text , myDataSet , person.xm ) ; static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ; 五、復(fù)雜型組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定：在上面的介紹中，了解到對復(fù)雜型組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定是通過設(shè)定組件的某些屬性來完成數(shù)據(jù)綁定的。首先來介紹一下ComboBox組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定。(下載源碼就到源碼網(wǎng):）（1）.C

28、omboBox組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定：在得到數(shù)據(jù)集后，只有設(shè)定好ComboBox組件的的三個屬性就可以完成數(shù)據(jù)綁定了，這三個屬性是：DisplayMember、 ValueMember。其中DataSource是要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)集，DisplayMember是ComboBox組件顯示的字段， ValueMember是實際使用值。具體如下：ComboBox1.DataSource = myDataSet ;ComboBox1.DisplayMember = person.xm ;ComboBox1.ValueMember = person.xm ;注釋：此時綁定是Access 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫中person表

29、的xm字段。由此可以得到ComboBox組件數(shù)據(jù)綁定的源程序代碼（Combo01.cs），本代碼操作數(shù)據(jù)庫是Access 2000：public class Form1 : Formprivate ComboBox ComboBox1 ;private Button button1 ;private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet ;private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ;public Form1 ( )file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集GetConnect ( ) ;Initializ

30、eComponent ( ) ;file:/清除程序中使用過的資源protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing )if ( disposing )if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ;base.Dispose ( disposing ) ;private void GetConnect ( )file:/創(chuàng)建一個 OleDbConnectionstring strCon = Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source = db.

31、mdb ;OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ;string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ;file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSetmyDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ;myConn.Open ( ) ;file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ;file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表myComman

32、d.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ;file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnectionmyConn.Close ( ) ;private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )ComboBox1.DataSource = myDataSet ;ComboBox1.DisplayMember = person.xm ;ComboBox1.ValueMember = person.xm ;static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ;

33、得到了ComboBox組件對本地數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)綁定程序，也就十分方便的得到ComboBox組件綁定Sql Server 2000源程序代碼（Combox02.cs）具體如下：public class Form1 : Formprivate ComboBox ComboBox1 ;private Button button1 ;private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet ;private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ;public Form1 ( )file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集GetCo

34、nnect ( ) ;InitializeComponent ( ) ;file:/清除程序中使用過的資源protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing )if ( disposing )if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ;base.Dispose ( disposing ) ;private void GetConnect ( )/ 設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)連接字符串，此字符串的意思是打開Sql server數(shù)據(jù)庫，服務(wù)器名稱為server1,數(shù)據(jù)庫為data1string strCon = P

35、rovider = SQLOLEDB.1 ; Persist Security Info = False ; User ID = sa ; Initial Catalog = data1 ; Data Source = server1 ;OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ;myConn.Open ( ) ;string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ;file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSetmyDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ;file:/用 OleDbDataAdapt

36、er 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ;file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ;file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnectionmyConn.Close ( ) ;private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )ComboBox1.DataSource = myDataSet ;ComboBox1.Disp

37、layMember = person.xm ;ComboBox1.ValueMember = person.xm ;static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 ( ) ) ;（2）ListBox組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定： ListBox組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定和ComboBox組件的數(shù)據(jù)綁定的方法大致相同，也是通過設(shè)定DisplayMember、 ValueMember。其中DataSource這三個屬性來完成的。并且這三個屬性在ListBox組件中代表的意思和ComboBox組件 的意思基本一樣。由此可以得到ListBox組件對本地數(shù)據(jù)庫和遠程數(shù)據(jù)庫進行數(shù)據(jù)

38、綁定的源程序。其中ListBox01.cs是對本地數(shù)據(jù)庫進行數(shù)據(jù)綁 定，ListBox02.cs是對遠程數(shù)據(jù)庫進行數(shù)據(jù)綁定，具體如下：ListBox01.cs源程序代碼節(jié)選：public class Form1 : Formprivate ListBox ListBox1 ;private Button button1 ;private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet ;private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ;public Form1 ( )file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集GetCon

39、nect ( ) ;InitializeComponent ( ) ;file:/清除程序中使用過的資源protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing )if ( disposing )if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ;base.Dispose ( disposing ) ;private void GetConnect ( )file:/創(chuàng)建一個 OleDbConnectionstring strCon = Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0

40、; Data Source = db.mdb ;OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ;string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ;file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSetmyDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ;myConn.Open ( ) ;file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ;file:/把Dataset

41、綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ;file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnectionmyConn.Close ( ) ;private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )ListBox1.DataSource = myDataSet ;ListBox1.DisplayMember = person.xm ;ListBox1.ValueMember = person.xm ;static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( n

42、ew Form1 ( ) ) ;以下代碼是ListBox組件對Sql Server 2000數(shù)據(jù)庫進行數(shù)據(jù)綁定的源程序節(jié)選（ListBox02.cs）：private ListBox ListBox1 ;private Button button1 ;private System.Data.DataSet myDataSet ;private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null ; public Form1 ( )file:/打開數(shù)據(jù)鏈接，得到數(shù)據(jù)集GetConnect ( ) ;InitializeComponent ( ) ;

43、file:/清除程序中使用過的資源protected override void Dispose ( bool disposing )if ( disposing )if ( components != null ) components.Dispose ( ) ;base.Dispose ( disposing ) ;private void GetConnect ( )/ 設(shè)定數(shù)據(jù)連接字符串，此字符串的意思是打開Sql server數(shù)據(jù)庫，服務(wù)器名稱為server1,數(shù)據(jù)庫為data1string strCon = Provider = SQLOLEDB.1 ; Persist Secur

44、ity Info = False ; User ID = sa ; Initial Catalog = data1 ; Data Source = server1 ;OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection ( strCon ) ;myConn.Open ( ) ;string strCom = SELECT * FROM person ;file:/創(chuàng)建一個 DataSetmyDataSet = new DataSet ( ) ;file:/用 OleDbDataAdapter 得到一個數(shù)據(jù)集OleDbDataAdapter myCommand

45、 = new OleDbDataAdapter ( strCom , myConn ) ;file:/把Dataset綁定person數(shù)據(jù)表myCommand.Fill ( myDataSet , person ) ;file:/關(guān)閉此OleDbConnectionmyConn.Close ( ) ;private void button1_Click ( object sender , System.EventArgs e )ListBox1.DataSource = myDataSet ;ListBox1.DisplayMember = person.xm ;ListBox1.ValueMember = person.xm ;static void Main ( ) Application.Run ( new Form1 (