2020年英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí)專題-主謂一致講解和練習(xí)(包含答案)

1、2020英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí)專題-主謂一致講解一、主謂一致的含義 “主謂一致”指的是句子的主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上的一致關(guān)系，也就是說，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的形式和內(nèi)容。二、主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：語(yǔ)法一致，就近一致和意義一致。（一）、語(yǔ)法一致：主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式; 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。1. 由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)：（1）這部分主語(yǔ)表示的是兩個(gè)人或兩件不同的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

2、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： My brother and I have both seen that film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.（2）這部分主語(yǔ)表示具有兩個(gè)身份或性質(zhì)的同一個(gè)人或一個(gè)完整的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí) and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。例： The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life. Law and order has been established. One more knife and fork is needed.Br

3、ead and butter is our daily food.（3）這部分主語(yǔ)前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例句： Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. No sound and no voice is heard. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.2. 動(dòng)名詞，不定式，主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句： Reading is a great pleasure in life. To live mean

4、s to create. That we need more time is obvious. What is needed is food and medicine.3. 表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，被視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句： Three thousand miles is a long distance. Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is enough for him.4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, somet

5、hing, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句： Is anybody going to tell him the news ? Someone wants to see you.Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 5.倒裝句中的語(yǔ)法一致Two pictures _ on the wall, which attract many people.On the wall _ two pictures, which attract many people

6、.Their teacher _ among the students, who is in her thirties.Among the students _ their teacher, who is in her thirties.（二）就近原則1、由連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和離它最近的哪個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。例句：. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand. Not only his family but also he

7、 likes Chaplins movies. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。例句：. There arent any letters in the mail for you today. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.3、名

8、詞后面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語(yǔ)共同做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這些短語(yǔ)前面的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致。例句：. All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in

9、 this work.（三）意義一致1. 代詞none, neither, all的不可數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式由它們指的內(nèi)容決定例句：（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）Is there any milk in the fridge? No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.2. 集合名詞group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party

10、, crew等名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果看成其中各成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.His family _very large. His family _music lovers.注意：集合名詞cattle, clothes, people, the police表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)數(shù)。people 民族（可數(shù)名詞，peoples)3. 限定詞短語(yǔ)all of; none of; a lot of; 以及分

11、數(shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of .修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由of 后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。例句：（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.（2）I dont think any of us wants to work tomorrow.（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.4、代詞作主語(yǔ)Neither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _ big. ( A. is B.

12、are )Neither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )Neither of the rabbits _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )（neither + 單數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； noneneither of +可數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；none of+不可數(shù)名詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)） 1）.None of these people _ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was 2）Neither of them _ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D

13、. is used to be3）.Neither of us _ (was/were) ready when the party began.4）. None of them _ (has/have) watched the talk show.5、主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞deer, sheep, fish魚,series系列, species物種, means手段, works工廠, aircraft飛行器, ect.時(shí)，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come int

14、o effect.6、theadj.,表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等the+ adj.,表示某個(gè)人或一類抽象的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如the beautiful, the good等。如，1 The old _ taken good care of in our society.2 The rich _ for the decision but the poor are against it.3 The wounded _ a young boy.4 The beautiful _not always the sam

15、e as the good. 5 The new_ sure to replace the old.1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中。同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí)，遇到這樣的題時(shí)，要牢記主謂一致的三個(gè)基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關(guān)鍵的主語(yǔ)部分。同時(shí)還要考慮句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。2. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致。 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was

16、the only one of the boys who was late for class.練習(xí)：一請(qǐng)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。1. Three years _ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_ (be) really a long time. 2. _ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3. My family _ (be) the largest one in our village. Besid

17、es, my family _ (be) all party members.4. The whole class _ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.5. The news _ (be) very exciting.6. To learn one or two foreign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.7. The last and most difficult lesson _ (be) Lesson 14.8. I, who _ your friend, will try

18、my best to help you.9. The scientist and engineer _ (have) invented a new machine. 10. Alice，together with her friends，_ (be) punished for having broken the school rules. 11. Every girl and every boy _ (have) the right to join the club. 12. _ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?Neith

19、er she nor I_(be).13. Ancient and modern history _ (be) the subjects we are studying.14. Many a scientist _ (have) devoted their lives to science.15. The old _ (be) respected in our country.二選擇題：1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare C.am Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persua

20、de my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare C.am Dhave4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare C.am Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas B

21、were Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book alreadyAhas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _

22、in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 11. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have of

23、fered12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. was not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 13. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were14. E-mail, as well as

24、 telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A . is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 15. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are16 No one but her parents _ it.A. know B. knows C.is knowing D. are knowing17. On the wall_ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 18. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 19. There _ a lot of milk in