《英語專八聽力技巧》PPT課件.ppt

1、TEM 8 Listening comprehension,General Introduction,Course Plan,First time: pronunciation and some exercise Second time: note-taking skills and mini-lecture Third time: conversation or interview Fourth time: News report and a model test Fifth time: test strategies There are some exercises followed ev

2、ery lecture.,TEM8 LISTENING,PRONUNCIATION,STAIRCASE INTONATION,Do not speak word by word! Connect words to form sound groups Use staircase intonation A noun would start a new staircase when we want to emphasize this information。,What is staircase intonation?,Nouns are always on the top of the stairc

3、ases. Pronouns are always on the bottom of the staircases along with a stress of a verb. In a statement, nouns would be at the same height as the pronouns, while in a question, nouns would take a more important place than other words. In emotional or rhetorical questions, nouns are always on the top

4、 of the staircase with a rising intonation.,Spellings and numbers,For abbreviation, the last letter should not be reduced but stressed. -IBM For word spellings, the last letter also should be stressed. - Wilson For numbers area code: 0086 zip code: 410082 date: 4/1/08 phone number: 0800-799-490,Dist

5、inctive sounds,The vowel sounds “A” in stressed closed syllables would sound like / in American accent. I cant dance, but you can. Lets listen and read:,“O” in a stressed closed syllable would sound like / in American accent. Its very hot here. Lets listen and read:,The schwa / A mid-central neutral

6、 vowel, typically occurring in unstressed syllables, as the final vowel of English sofa. Also called indeterminate vowel. We have to talk through our teeth from far back in our throat when speaking in American accent instead of moving our lips much. Lets listen and read:,The L sound,The difference a

7、mong T/D plosive, N nasal, and L lateral. Read after the recording. Final L with schwa Many final Ls Final L practice Lets listen and read:,The American T,At the top of a staircase, T is pronounced T. In the middle of a staircase, it is pronounced as D. At the bottom of a staircase, it isnt pronounc

8、ed at all. T is held before N in tain and ten endings. T is silent after N with lax vowels.,Word connection rules,Consonant vowel Consonant consonant Vowel vowel T,D,S or Z + Y T+Y=CH D+Y=J S+Y=SH Z+Y =ZH LETS PRACTICE!,Common reduction,Unstressed pronouns H and TH sounds in unstressed pronouns are

9、often dropped. Tag endings With a query, the intonation rises. With confirmation, the intonation drops. Reducing articles Squeezed out syllables,Commonly reduced sounds,There are a lot of commonly reduced sounds in American accent. While youre listening to the following parts of the recording and re

10、peat. To/at/it/for/from/in/an/and/or/are/your/one/the/a/of/can/had/would/was/what/some Most of the vowels like/,/a:/,etc. would be reduced into /,Tem8 listening,Note-taking skills & Mini-Lecture,Short Form Strategy Trainingntk-g(sht) - note-taking (short form),Short form note-taking methods The foll

11、owing are five most frequently used ways of shorthand writing. sylb syllable cnsnt(-vwl) consonants (no vowels) end-g endings symb symbols stnd abbr standard abbreviations,Try out all the different ways carefully to get an idea of short form notes. Keep in mind that you should develop a short form w

12、riting system of your own.,常用的符號,+ : many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. +(+2) more +3 most : little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. ：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念：superior to，sur

13、pass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc.表示低概念：inferior to，etc.,= 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示對手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示在.之間：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc. 表示無敵概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大約概念：about/around

14、，or so， approximately, etc. / 表示否定，消除等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. -ism：m socialism Sm -tion：n standardization (標準化)stdn,-cian 簡 簡寫為o 例如：techniciantecho -ing 簡寫為g 例如：marketing (市場營銷) MKTg -ed 簡寫為d 例如：acceptedacptd -able/ible/ble 簡寫為bl 例如：available avbl -ment 簡寫為mt 例如：amendmentamdmt -ize 簡寫為z 例如：rec

15、ognize regz -ful 簡寫為fl 例如：meaningful mnfl,Mini-Lecture and gap-filling,要求先聽一篇900-1000個單詞左右的講座，約7-8分鐘，邊聽邊做筆記，講座完了之后整理筆記兩分鐘，然后發(fā)答卷，用十分鐘的時間完成10個空格的填空任務。 講座的內(nèi)容很廣泛，但是學術性比較強，使用的語言比較規(guī)范，雖然會出現(xiàn)一些專有名詞和術語，但是一般不會影響理解。 講座的整體結構很分明，邏輯性強，信息詞連接詞出現(xiàn)頻繁，一旦掌握了邏輯思路，就比較容易提高做題的正確率。,?？嫉念}型和解決方法,細節(jié)題：常常出現(xiàn)在舉例、解決方法等細節(jié)性的題中。 要點題：一般是講

16、座的提綱性內(nèi)容或者框架。 推斷題、歸納總結題：考查理解能力和語言應用能力。一般要根據(jù)筆記和記憶中的細節(jié)內(nèi)容來推出答案。這類型的題只要符合原文含義、語法上正確就OK。,平時訓練方法,聽懂主題 理清邏輯順序，有選擇的記筆記，而不是什么都記。 注意講座的開頭，一般講座都會開門見山指出主題和分幾點做出分析。 決定如何利用草稿紙,提高長時間記憶力 a. 目的性記憶 b. 復述記憶 c. 關鍵詞句記憶,提高記筆記能力 a. 把握講座的結構： 垂直或階梯式，要留空間。 b. 了解出題意圖：一般細節(jié)題會占5分左右；但要注意詞性的轉換、思維角度的轉換,TEM 8 LISTENING COMPREHENSION,

17、INTERVIEW OR CONVERSATION,選材特點,此部分的聽力材料是一篇800-900詞的對話或者訪談，語速在160詞/分鐘。大概6分鐘左右。 在98-08年的專八考試中，有8篇是人物訪談，其他3篇是比較零散的對話。 材料涉及專業(yè)化的知識介紹，語言則趨于口語化。 題目和選項都會在試題冊上寫出，共5題。,?？嫉念}型,受訪者或對話人的身份：抓住細節(jié)，合理分析。 受訪者或對話人的行為：正面詢問題（很少出現(xiàn)）；反面詢問（排除干擾找出答案） 受訪者或對話人的態(tài)度：沒有直接的答案，需要一定的推理分析能力。出現(xiàn)頻率相當高。 注意說話人的語氣，以及體現(xiàn)態(tài)度的詞匯：,calm and quiet/

18、nervous and numb/ timid and confused/ shocked and angry/ uncaring/ strict/ affectionate/ permissive/ amusement/ disbelief/ ecstasy/ delight/ supportive/ negative/ ambiguous/ cautious/ reserved/ prejudiced/ polite/ prudent/ frustration/ haunted/ confident but moody/ successful yet unsatisfied/ anger/

19、 sadness/ help/ no effect/ positive/ neutral/ willing and ready/ mildly eager/ a bit surprised/ very reluctant/ strongly in favor of (against)/ mildly in favor of(against)/,細節(jié)題：一般詢問時間，地點，事件，原因等等。注意不要太浮躁，特別是在題目中有NOT,BUT,EXCEPT/INCORRECT 等詞的時候，一定要排除干擾。 總結題：一般會出現(xiàn)MAIN,CONCLUDE等詞。要注意搞清楚需要總結的是哪一部分的內(nèi)容。 推理題

20、：近年都比較流行。比較難。,常用的應試方法,瀏覽試題，找出重點。 找出題眼，關鍵的信息。 四個選項的不同點,勤于動筆，細聽快記。 試題的設計有時候會不按照訪談的順序，應該在記筆記的同時理解訪談的內(nèi)容。 推理題一般不會直接給出答案，要根據(jù)筆記的內(nèi)容來推斷。,根據(jù)interviewer的問題，追蹤答案。 排除干擾項，剩下正確答案。一定要耐心。 細心找出蛛絲馬跡，引出態(tài)度。注意一些表達情感、觀點的詞匯；以及說話人的語氣。 細聽首尾，總結大意。（特別要注意問題是對全文的總結還是某一部分的總結）,TEM 8 LISTENING COMPREHENSION,NEWS BROADCAST,英語新聞的文體特點

21、,倒金字塔型： 最重要的事實部分一般出現(xiàn)在第一句，包含what/when/ where/ who/how/why這一系列的內(nèi)容；（總括題） 之后會出現(xiàn)對細節(jié)的補充以及事件背景的介紹或者大眾的態(tài)度。（細節(jié)題）,時間順序結構 多用于報道體育比賽，風俗文化，文藝演出和犯罪案件等。（比較少出現(xiàn)） 新聞的事實結果一般會在報道的結尾出現(xiàn)。（總括題） 細節(jié)題很有可能是會出現(xiàn)在整篇。,新聞用語特點,縮略語和小詞 一般常用的縮略語需要記憶。e.g. NATO、WB、WTO等 不常用的縮略語需要聽清楚全稱。e.g. Food and Drug Administration出現(xiàn)一次之后就會用FDA來表示。或者先出現(xiàn)

22、縮略語再是全稱。,地名和建筑物名稱的借用。 the White House/ the Pentagon/ Pyongyang/foggy bottom/Capitol Hill/ Oval Office/ Buckingham/ Whitehall/ Downing Street/ Fleet Street/ Wall Street/ Elysee/ Kermlin/ GOP 使用新詞語 stagflation/ campaignathon/ crib death/ Euromart/ haves and havenots/ competitive products/ the wait-and-