語(yǔ)氣是表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度.ppt

1、語(yǔ)氣是表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，是一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣有三種：,1 陳述語(yǔ)氣（the Indicative Mood）用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。,日本東鄰中國(guó)。,Japan lies on the east of China.,魚兒離不開水。,The fish is not alive without water.,2 祈使語(yǔ)氣（the Imperative Mood）用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。,不要著急。,Dont be worry.,3 虛語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣（the Subjunctive Mood）表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議

2、、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法,一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法。,條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起來(lái)。,Oil floats if you pour it on water.,假若明年我有錢，我就去日本。,If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.,非真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的， 句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,1 表示跟現(xiàn)

3、在事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were），構(gòu)成If I （we, you, he, they）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的形式；主句的謂語(yǔ)用would（第二、三人稱）/should（第一人稱）/might/could動(dòng)詞原形。,要是我是你，我就會(huì)對(duì)他說(shuō)實(shí)話。,If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth.,如果他有時(shí)間，他就會(huì)（可能）和你去。,If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.,要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了。,If my broth

4、er were here, everything would be all right.,2 與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用had過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成If I (we, you, he, they)had過(guò)去分詞的形式；主句的謂語(yǔ)用should（第一人稱）/would（第二、三人稱）/could/might have 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。,如果你仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)， 這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。,If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.,昨晚如果有時(shí)間，我就會(huì)來(lái)看你的。,If I had time last night, I sh

5、ould have come to see you.,假如受過(guò)良好的教育，他就不會(huì)表現(xiàn)成那樣。,He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.,假如我的表不停，我就會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。,If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.,3 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用If I (we, you, he, they) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句謂語(yǔ)用should（第一人稱）/would（第二、三人稱）/could

6、/ might 動(dòng)詞原形。,假如他來(lái)了， 我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看見我， 就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,假如我們爬上山頂，我們能有一個(gè)好的視野嗎？,If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?,4 If從句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它們放在句首，與主語(yǔ)顛倒形成倒裝，但動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式不可以與主語(yǔ)倒裝。,如果他在，他會(huì)來(lái)幫

7、助我們。,Were he here, he would come to help us.,假如你剛才在這里，你就會(huì)遇見她。,Had you been here just now, you would have met her.,假如我明天看見他，我就會(huì)告訴他關(guān)于這一切。,Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.,假如你按照我說(shuō)的去做，你就會(huì)成功。,Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.,5 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)

8、綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。,如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，他現(xiàn)在已到家了。,If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.,假如我不忙，我家會(huì)來(lái)了。,If I were not busy, I would have come.,假如你接受了我的意見，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好的多。,You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.,6 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞由with, without, but for等。,What would you do with a

9、million dollars?=if you had a million dollars,We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (if we hadnt got your help) But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.,7 含蓄條件句 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段代替條件句。,I was ill that day. Otherwi

10、se, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）,A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定語(yǔ)從句）,Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨(dú)

11、立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）,二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法,1 在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)?lái)的主觀愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。,（1）表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）。,我希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。,I wish I knew the answer to the question.,但愿北京全年是秋天。,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.,她希望仍和祖母住在一起。,She wishes she were still living with her gra

12、ndmother.,（2）表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had過(guò)去分詞”。,我后悔不該花那么多錢。,I wish I hadnt spent so much money.,他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。,He wishes he had not lost the chance.,（3）表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望：從句動(dòng)詞形式為“would動(dòng)詞原形”。,注意：主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主要不能相同，因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語(yǔ)的態(tài)度或意愿（非動(dòng)物名詞除外）。,但愿雨能停止。,I wish it would stop raining.,但愿你立刻來(lái)。,I wish you would c

13、ome soon.,2 在一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）,兩個(gè)命令（order, command）,三個(gè)建議（ suggest, advice, propose）,四個(gè)要求（ ask,demand request, require）等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。,我建議馬上動(dòng)身。,I suggest that we (should) set off at once.,學(xué)生們堅(jiān)持要多上英語(yǔ)課。,The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.,3 在主語(yǔ)woul

14、d (had) rather that 賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式。,我倒希望他們和我一起去。,I would rather they went with me.,三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法。,主語(yǔ)從句是Its necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) that時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)的虛擬形式用 （should）原形動(dòng)詞或shouldhave過(guò)去分詞來(lái)表示。,高中學(xué)生掌握一門外語(yǔ)很有必要。,It is necessary that a high school student

15、 should master a foreign language.,很遺憾他居然沒(méi)有在。,It is a pity that he should be absent today.,我們說(shuō)話要有禮貌，這是很重要的。,It is important that we should speak politely.,注意：有些過(guò)去分詞可以當(dāng)形容詞使用，在主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常見的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested,required等。,四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的用法。,在suggestion, proposal, order, plan,

16、idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其構(gòu)成是“should動(dòng)詞原形”。,My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.,We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.,五、在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式常用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略），表示“現(xiàn)在該”,我們?cè)撟吡恕?It is time we l

17、eft.,六、 if only表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是就好了”，相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)wish。,要是今天是星期天就好了。,If only it were Sunday today.,要是他幽默點(diǎn)就好了。,If only he had a sense of humor.,七、由as if(as though) 或even though(even though) 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）或“had過(guò)去分詞”。,他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我式陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 條件句中。,If it were not for the rain, the crops would die