非謂語動詞全面講解

1、非謂語動詞（一）一、 Done被動性：過去分詞的邏輯主語是分詞動作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是發(fā)出者，兩者構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)或被動意義。完成性： 與句中另一個動作、另一個時間或句子產(chǎn)生的時間相比，分詞的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成。句法功能表語： 許多動詞通過+ed 變成形容詞，其本質(zhì)是過去分詞用作形容詞The boys were astonished.The door remained locked.They seemed worried.定語：劃出下列句子的定語部分The broken glass is still lying on the table.The frightened girl w

2、as trembling when the police arrived.A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices.She was reading a novel written by Dickens.The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop

3、doesnt work well.翻譯：他是被經(jīng)理測試的人員當(dāng)中最優(yōu)秀的員工之一。賓補1、在感官 / 感知動詞后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。We found him greatly changed.2、在使役動詞后： make, have, get, keep, leave等。He made himself understood in spoken English.3、在意愿動詞后： like, need, want, wish等。She came into the sh

4、op with a package saying: I neednt it changed but re-wrapped.翻譯：我回到家，發(fā)現(xiàn)家里被偷了狀語方式和伴隨情況 The teacher went out, followed by some pupils.The old man sat on the chair, lost in thought.翻譯：帶著槍和刀，三個大男人沖出了那房子。條件 Heated to a high temperature, water changes into vapor.如果用白色粉刷 , the house will appear nicer.原因和理由

5、Done in a hurry, Toms exercise was full of mistakes.Wounded badly, he was sent to hospital.由于在在旅途后很疲憊 , they went to bed early.時間 Dismissed by the boss of the hotel, John never got a job.Questioned by the police, the man was very much afraid.讓步Badly wounded in the leg, the soldier refused to withdra

6、w.Protected by 3 fences, Robinson Crusoe still felt unsafe.非被動意義的done非謂結(jié)構(gòu)Be faced with; Be lostBe determined to Be armed with鞏固練習(xí)（一）：用上非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子1. 那個受傷的男人被送去了醫(yī)院 without delay.2. 由于匆匆忙忙地完成， , Toms homework was full of mistakes and errors.3. 我將會把我的房子重新粉刷。4. 今天下午修的那輛車 belongs to one of my friends.5.

7、An old man was collecting 院子里的落葉6. The police were 尋找那個逃跑的男人。7. 他試著讓自己英語口語被別人明白。8. He works and lives in 被綠樹圍饒著的學(xué)校。9. 他感覺自己被抬進一輛車?yán)铩?0. Its very important for you to keep .讓你父母得知你的狀況。 （inform）參考答案：（一）The injured man was sent to hospital Done in a hurryIll have my house repainted.The car repaired this

8、 afternoon the fallen leaves in the yard.searching for the escaped man.He tried to make his broken English understood.a school surrounded by green trees.He felt himself carried into a carriage.your parents informed of your situation. 二、 Doing 動名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的意義：表示動作正在進行、強調(diào)動作的過程，或者主動1. 作主語：可用it 作形式主語Talking

9、 is easier than doing. Learning English well is not an easy work.用it 作形式主語：It is no use crying over spilt (溢出來的) milk.句型：it is no use / good doing sth.2. 作表語，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語 (相當(dāng)于+ing 變成形容詞) 動名詞：對主語說明、解釋。The story is touching. （感人的） His hobby is collecting stamps.3. 作賓語你介意把音樂聲調(diào)低一點嗎？I always practice speaking

10、 English in the morning.用動名詞作賓語的部分動詞： Enjoy， be busy doing， imagine， cant help doing, finish Practice, avoid, miss, keep (on), mind, be worth doing, consider, prevent sb from, quit, devoteto doing翻譯： 自從被女朋友嚴(yán)重警告之后，他停止了吸煙。4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補（動作正在進行或強調(diào)過程）我感覺到火車正慢慢停下來。I see him passing my house every day.5. 作定語：

11、修飾一個名詞或者代詞，可以前置或后置I saw a weeping（哭泣的） girl on my way home.后置: 修飾 something, nothing nobody或those, 較長的定語The boy playing the violin over there will take part in a violin competition(比賽).改成定語從句：There is nothing interesting in his story.6. 作狀語： （伴隨， 原因等）Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.T

12、aking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.翻譯：從山頂上望下去，我們可以欣賞到城里極美的風(fēng)景。非謂語動詞（二）一、 分詞的特殊時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化 主動 被動一般 doing being done完成 having done having been doneHaving done: 非謂語動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前The secretary worked late into the night, _ _ (prepare)a long spe

13、ech for her boss. He was praised for (finish)the work ahead of time. Having heard that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. Being done：被動動作放在介詞后面； 強調(diào)動作正在進行，We must do something to prevent water from （pollute） (surround) by the students, the teacher was answering questions one

14、by one.Having been done: having done & being done 的結(jié)合Having been told many times, he finally understood it.用上述所學(xué)知識寫三個句子：鞏固練習(xí)一：1. Who are these people with banners（橫幅）? -A group _ （call）itself the league（聯(lián)盟） for Peace.2. To their great fear, they found themselves _ （catch）in the heaviest snowfall the

15、y had ever had.3. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ (enter) a good college.4. It rained heavily in the south， (cause )serious flooding in several provinces.5. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. 6. _ （see）from the top of t

16、he tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . 7. Im calling to enquire(咨詢) about the position _ (advertise )in yesterdays China Daily.8. Though_（surprise）to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.9. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade)into buying something the

17、y dont really need 10. Tony was very unhappy for _ (invite)to the party 11. He ran as fast as he could _ (hope) to catch the early bus.12. He spent every minute he could _（practise） spoken English.13. Before going abroad he devoted all he could _（improve） his oral English.14. Not only should you get

18、 used _ ( work) under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. 二、 to do 不定式：主動、表示目的以及將要的動作作主語：1、 按時到達那對我們來說是不可能的。2、 It is very kind of you to help us. 句中真正的主語是：作賓語3、 He managed to escape from the fire.4、 I find it important to learn a foreign language.（it 作形式賓語）5、 我

19、覺得逃脫照顧這位老人的責(zé)任是羞恥的。 to escape the responsibility of taking care of the old man.后接不定式作賓語的部分動詞：hope, expect, pretend, desire, wait, exist, fail, plan, arrange, prepare, learn, choose, manage, want, decide, determine, help, agree, demand, promise, dare, refuse動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同：forget，go on，mean，regret，rem

20、ember，stop，tryRemember to do remember doing Regret to do regret doing Mean to do mean doing In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting作賓補6、 We consider him to be one of the best students in our class.7、 He warned me to be careful in

21、darkness.To do 作賓補的部分動詞want, warn, order, encourage, inspire，urge, allow, expect, ask, advise, persuade, invite, teach, 省略 “to” 的不定式作賓補：在被動句要還原來toMake, have, let, see, observe, hear, help翻譯：那些男孩最后是被看到在河里游泳。作表語8、 His dream is to be a doctor.9、 The question is how to put it into practice.作定語11、 I have

22、 a lot of data to type. (to be typed) 12、 Though living a hard life, I hope to have many books to read.作狀語: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. He came to the school to see his son.He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.We were very excited to hear the news.不定式的特殊時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化 To d

23、o 主動 被動一般時 to do to be done 進行時 to be doing a) 他看起來像是在吃東西。（seem）b) Im sorry to (帶給你那么多麻煩)c) He require to (send) to Tibet. 他要求被派到西藏去。d) 有很多有天賦的演員在那外面等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)。e) 當(dāng)母親叫他做家務(wù)的時候，他總假裝在睡覺。鞏固練習(xí)二：用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯句子1. 我花了兩個多小時做好這份計劃。然而老板卻對它不滿意。2. 雖然對美國了解極少，他仍然下決心去周游一番。3. 我決定教他學(xué)英語，以免他再次在考試時催我?guī)退鞅住?. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)玩好電腦游戲也是有困難的。5. 他是第一個想到