高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作.ppt

1、,高考書(shū)面表達(dá),高考16年來(lái)英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)題 年 代 形 式 內(nèi) 容 1996 根據(jù)表格寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)歷 介紹自己，申請(qǐng)工作 1997 看圖寫(xiě)話(huà) 描述一件交通違章事件 1998 看圖寫(xiě)話(huà) 某中學(xué)參觀(guān)農(nóng)場(chǎng) 1999 看圖寫(xiě)信 用兩幅不同的畫(huà)介紹學(xué)校變化 2000春 書(shū)面通知 以組織者身份通知音樂(lè)周活動(dòng) 2000夏 看圖寫(xiě)話(huà) 報(bào)道一起交通事故 2001 根據(jù)表格寫(xiě)回信 有關(guān)減負(fù)前后的變化 2002 根據(jù)表格給報(bào)社寫(xiě)信 討論公園是否收門(mén)票 2003 看圖寫(xiě)回信 介紹為其所租的房子,高考16年來(lái)英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)題 年 代 形 式 內(nèi) 容 2004 給美國(guó)朋友寫(xiě)信 告知電視臺(tái)舉辦才藝大賽 2005 根據(jù)網(wǎng)上的一則旅游廣

2、告，寫(xiě)電子郵件詢(xún)問(wèn)旅游事宜 2006 根據(jù)兩幅圖的描繪，給英國(guó)朋友寫(xiě)信，介紹你校圖書(shū)館 2007 給外籍教師寫(xiě)信尋求筆友，內(nèi)容是描述理想中的筆友 2008 給美國(guó)圣地哥動(dòng)物園工作人員寫(xiě)信，詢(xún)問(wèn)大熊貓?zhí)K琳和 她母親白 云的情況 2009 回美國(guó)朋友的一封信，介紹改建后前門(mén)大街的情況 2010 給某大學(xué)外籍教師寫(xiě)信，聘請(qǐng)她做英語(yǔ)演講比賽的評(píng)委,16年高考書(shū)面表達(dá)題四大特征 以記敘文、應(yīng)用文為主，形式為寫(xiě)信 看圖7次，表格3次，寫(xiě)信11 次 以第1人稱(chēng)為主，每篇10句左右 以國(guó)內(nèi)生活、主要以學(xué)校生活為背景體現(xiàn)交際性,書(shū)面表達(dá)題的高分特征 書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范 要點(diǎn)完整 語(yǔ)言流暢 中心明確,做好書(shū)面表達(dá)題的四種能

3、力 迅速組織句子，連句成文的能力 連貫敘述及一定的文字判斷和編輯能力 一句多譯、揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短變難為易 變通能力, 一定的想象和綜合概括能力,做好書(shū)面表達(dá)題應(yīng)注意“四個(gè)善于” 1. 要善于選擇運(yùn)用合適句型 2.要善于使用過(guò)渡詞和連接詞 3.要善于使用英文的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) 4.要善于變通，變難為易,做好書(shū)面表達(dá)應(yīng)注意“四個(gè)變化” 1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句型的變化 2. 主語(yǔ)的變化 3. 句子長(zhǎng)度的變化 4. 用詞的變化,做好書(shū)面表達(dá)的 “四個(gè)要決” 熟記基本詞匯和基本句型 熟記英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和過(guò)渡詞 熟記英文名篇名段及表達(dá)技巧 熟記英文的表達(dá)及文化背景,考生錯(cuò)誤的“四大問(wèn)題” 1. 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題，句子不完整、斷句

4、 2. 句子懸垂，主謂不一致 3. 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題 4. 用詞方面的問(wèn)題 詞性錯(cuò)誤 單詞拼寫(xiě) 動(dòng)詞變化 漢式英語(yǔ),寫(xiě)作過(guò)程的“六以、六求” 以審題求切題 以提綱求周密 以過(guò)渡求條理 以常用求保險(xiǎn) 以變化求生動(dòng) 以整潔求印象,指導(dǎo)考生寫(xiě)作要“三結(jié)合” 與日常生活相結(jié)合 與學(xué)過(guò)的句型、詞組、詞匯 相結(jié)合 與交際相結(jié)合,請(qǐng)看高考該題評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)該題最高檔的描述 第五檔（ 很好 ）： （2125）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。有效地使用了語(yǔ)言間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊

5、。完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的 （摘自全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試試題答案匯編。）,關(guān)鍵詞： 要點(diǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯連接 關(guān)鍵句： 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。,一、審題要準(zhǔn)確 二、 句型要變化 三、 詞匯要豐富 四、 條理要清晰 五、 書(shū)寫(xiě)要規(guī)范,中英文的六大差異 1.漢語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)未必是英文中的主語(yǔ) 2. 漢語(yǔ)中無(wú)主語(yǔ)的句子“IT”“YOU”“ONE”等代替 3. 主動(dòng)被動(dòng)在英漢中表現(xiàn)形式不一樣 在漢語(yǔ)中的主動(dòng)形式，在英文中也許是被動(dòng) 在漢語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)形式，在英文中也許是主動(dòng) 4. 漢語(yǔ)無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)及動(dòng)詞變化，英文中卻常見(jiàn)。,5. 用詞差異: 英文多用名詞，中文多用動(dòng)詞。 英文多用介詞，中文多用動(dòng)詞。 6. 結(jié)構(gòu)差異 中文

6、先敘述后表態(tài)，英文先表態(tài)后敘述,唐 詩(shī) 作者 張績(jī),嫁得瞿塘賈， 朝朝誤妾期。 早知潮有信， 嫁與弄潮兒。,譯文,Since I married the merchant of Qutang, He has failed each day to keep his word Had I know how regular the tide is, I might have chosen a river boy. (Translated by Bynner),靜 夜思 床前明月光 疑是地上霜 舉頭望明月 低頭思故鄉(xiāng),Before my bed a pool of light- Can it be h

7、oarfrost on the ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I m drowned.,憫 農(nóng),鋤禾日當(dāng)午, 汗滴禾下土。 誰(shuí)知盤(pán)中餐， 粒粒皆辛苦。,At noon they hoe up weeds; Their sweat drips on the soil. Who knows the rice that needs Is the fruit of hard toil!,Before my bed a pool of light- Can it be hoarfrost on th

8、e ground? Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I m drowned.,新嫁娘 王 建 三日入廚下， 洗手做羹湯。 未諳姑食性， 先遣小姑嘗。,Newly- married Bride Having married for just three days, I went to the kitchen to cook soups. Afraid if it might not suit my mother in laws taste, I let my sister-in-law try it firs

9、t.,檢查修改書(shū)面表達(dá)的 “四個(gè)層次” 語(yǔ)篇層次上的檢查 段落層次上的檢查 句子層次上的檢查 詞匯層次上的檢查,訓(xùn)練書(shū)面表達(dá)要做到“四化” 寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練要經(jīng)?；?寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練要規(guī)范化 寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練要階段化 寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練要多樣化,指導(dǎo)考生寫(xiě)作要“三結(jié)合” 與日常生活相結(jié)合 與學(xué)過(guò)的句型、詞組、詞匯 相結(jié)合 與交際相結(jié)合,下面是一些比較常用的過(guò)渡詞： 1. 表示增加的過(guò)渡詞 also, and, and then, too, in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, again another, above, 2. 表示時(shí)間順序的過(guò)渡詞 now, then, bef

10、ore, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, meanwhile, gradually, first, second, finally, till. 3. 表示空間順序的過(guò)渡詞 near, near to, far, far from, in front of, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, around, behind, on one side.,4.表示表達(dá)的過(guò)渡詞 but, still, ho

11、wever，on the other hand， on the contrary, yet, in spite of , nevertheless 5. 表示比較的過(guò)渡詞 in the same way, similarity, just like just as 6. 表示結(jié)果和原因的過(guò)渡詞 because, since, so, as a result, therefore, then , hence, thus ,as.,7. 說(shuō)明目的的過(guò)渡詞 for this reason, for the purpose, so that, in order to, in order that, s

12、o as to 8.說(shuō)明強(qiáng)調(diào)的過(guò)渡詞 indeed, in fact, surely, without any doubt, to repeat, again, most important 9. 表示解釋說(shuō)明的過(guò)渡詞 in addition, for example ,for instance, further more, in fact, actually 10.表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞 finally, at last, in summary, in brief, to sum up, in conclusion, as has been stated,1997年高考書(shū)面表達(dá) My parent

13、s live in the country, They keep a dog called Ah Fu. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my sister and Ah Fu alone. While they were working, my sister walked to river nearby. Ah Fu followed there. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river. Ah Fu barked and jumped

14、into the water immediately. When my parents heard Ah Fu barking they ran to the river. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister. My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who saved my little sister.,1998年高考書(shū)面表達(dá) Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we

15、met at the school gate and went there together. The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing,

16、 telling jokes or stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it , we had to say goodbye to the workers.,1999年高考書(shū)面表達(dá) Dear Mr. Smith, I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to you something about my school. You are right Quite a few changes have t

17、aken place. On one side of the road there is a new classroom building . On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building -our library. In it there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a

18、lot of trees in and around the school. I hope you come and see for yourself some day. Best wishes, Yours,2000年高考書(shū)面表達(dá) It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a y

19、ellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two

20、 minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li hua,2001年高考書(shū)面表達(dá) Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I do

21、nt know about other, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspap

22、ers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.,2002年高考書(shū)面表達(dá) Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of th

23、e students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance free will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will

24、 do harm to the appearance of a city. On the other hand,40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Yours truly, Li Hua,2003年書(shū)面表達(dá)分析 Dear Bob, Im so glad to learn

25、 that you re coming in September. Ive found a place for you. Its a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from J

26、ianxin Chineses School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, its only one stop. Do you think youd like it? If not., I can try and find another place. Just let me know. Yours Li Hua,2004 Dear Peter, I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners T

27、alent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you have learned Chinese. If you would like to try, youll have to go to the TV station

28、 to sign up before the end of July. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. Yours Li Hua, Last weekend, I helped my grandparents prepare their trip to Beidaihe. On Saturday morning, together with my grandparents, I searched the Internet for the train schedule, the w

29、eather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information. In the afternoon, I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue. After dinner, I packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map

30、. The next morning, I went to the station to see them off. Waving goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.,Help sb. Do sth. the train schedule Prepare the trip The train station Search internet for On the platform Manage to do a long queue Buy sth. For s

31、b. Hotel information Pack sth. Into together with See sb. Off such as Wave goodbye to sb. Feel happy for wish sb. a sth.,2010北京開(kāi)放作文 In the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree. Unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine.

32、 The picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions, faced with difficulties, they never gave up but try their best to find the way out. Life can be hard. But if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does.,close

33、to Writing to Invite sb. to be/to some place. Start at Last for Deliver ones speech Accept an invitation It is convenient Have any question Look forward to,2010 廣州基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作（ 要求5句寫(xiě)完規(guī)定內(nèi)容） The Chinese government has decided that smoking be banned in indoor public places all over the country. This decision ,

34、 which will be carried out from January1,2011, aims to bring a complete smoke-free indoor environment. In order to achieve this goal, no-smoking sign will be put up in all indoor public places. Statistics show that China has approximate 350,000,000 smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 are w

35、oman. Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, causing 100,000 deaths a year.,2010 全國(guó)卷1 Dear Ms. Smith, Im Li Hua, Chair of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School, which is close to your university. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech to be hold in our

36、school on June 15. It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours”. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient. Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. I am looking forward to yo

37、ur reply.,要善于使用過(guò)渡詞和連接詞 先讓我們看一看上海某年的高考題： 根據(jù)提示情景用英文寫(xiě)出一段80-100詞的通順 恰當(dāng)?shù)亩涛?，不必根?jù)中文逐句翻譯。 我們學(xué)校歷史悠久，它的學(xué)生中不少已成為各 自領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家，近年來(lái)我們的學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大 的變化，我們?yōu)樽约旱膶W(xué)校感到自豪。,1.We take pride in our school. 2. To begin with, ours is a school with a long history which was set up fifty year ago. 3. So far hundreds of thousands of stud

38、ents have graduated from it. 4. And then a great number of them are experts in various fields. 5. Then in recent years great changes have taken place there. 6. For example, a new lab and a new library have been built with modern equipment and new books. 7. In addition more trees and flowers are bein

39、g planted in the school garden. 8. Seeing such an excellent school, one cant help feeling proud of it.,這篇短文較好地使用了“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”的表達(dá)方式，如在主題句We take pride in our school 之后，使用“啟”To begin with 來(lái)引導(dǎo)擴(kuò)展句，接著使用so far 和and then 作“承”之后又用“Then”和“In addition”作“轉(zhuǎn)”最后，用“seeing such”作“合”。上下連接自然。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”的表達(dá)方式:,1.有關(guān)

40、 “啟”的常用詞語(yǔ)：用于引導(dǎo)主題句， 或用于主題句的后面，引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句 first(ly)第一 at first 最初 first of all 首先，第一 in the first place 首先，第一 at present 現(xiàn)在,in the beginning 起初 to begin with 首先，第一 to start with 首先，第一 for one thing 首先 (常與for another 連用)（其次） on the one hand 一方面 (常與on the other hand 連用)（另一方面）,now 現(xiàn)在 currently 目前 lately 最近

41、 recently 最近 in general 一般來(lái)說(shuō) generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō),2.有關(guān) “承”的常用詞語(yǔ)：用于承接主題句，或第一個(gè) （或前一個(gè)）擴(kuò)展句。 second(ly)第二；第二點(diǎn) third (ly)第三；第三點(diǎn) also/too并且；又，也 besides (this)此外 in addition此外,in addition to除之外 furthermore 而且,此外 moreover而且,此外 what is more而且,此外 for another 其次 for example 例如,for instance 例如 as an example 例

42、如 as another example 再如 namely 即, 就是 then 然后 of course 當(dāng)然,in other words換句話(huà)說(shuō) in particular 特別,尤其 in the same way 同樣地 after that此后 afterwards此后,after a few days 幾天以后 after a while過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 from now on 從此 later后來(lái) just as正如,similarly 同樣地 meanwhile同時(shí) at the same time同時(shí) by this time 此時(shí) soon 不久 consequently結(jié)果

43、,3.有關(guān)“轉(zhuǎn)”的常用詞語(yǔ):用來(lái)表示不同或相反的情況 after all 畢竟 but但是 yet仍,然而 however然而 nevertheless盡管,如此,though 盡管如此 although 雖然 despite 盡管 in spite of 盡管 on the contrary 相反地 unlike 與不同,on the other hand 另一方面 all the same 但是 unfortunately 不幸地 still 仍然 in fact事實(shí)上 as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上,4. 有關(guān)“合”的常用詞語(yǔ)：用于小結(jié)段落中上文 的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)最后一個(gè)擴(kuò)展

44、句或引導(dǎo)結(jié)尾句 表示段落的結(jié)束。 finally最后 in brief簡(jiǎn)言之 in conclusion總之 in short簡(jiǎn)言之,briefly簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō) above all最重要地 as a result結(jié)果 for this reason所以 as has been noted 如前所述 as I have said如我所述,at last 終于 at length最后，終于 eventually最終 accordingly 于是 indeed的確 surely無(wú)疑,清楚地表達(dá)需要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,Using the same way to start sentences indicates

45、a weakness in sentence construction,We set out in the morning. Li Ming was carrying a compass. He also had a tent in his backpack. I carried a lot of things too. I had a flashlight in my backpack. I also carried some food and clothing. We climbed a hill on the way. We swam across a river then. We fo

46、und a piece of wood. We put our backpacks on it. We pushed the wood across the river. We got into a forest. We lost our way there. Li Ming took out the compass. We found the right direction then. We arrived at the campsite late.,Early in the morning, we set out. Li Ming was carrying a compass and a

47、tent in his backpack, and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food and clothing. On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river. As we got int

48、o a forest, we lost our way. Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass. By the time we arrived at the campsite, it had already been dark. Li Ming then put up the tent, and I made fire and started cooking.,應(yīng)該在整篇文章中避免使用單一的一兩個(gè)句型，要靈活運(yùn)用各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，靈活使用十二種句式，長(zhǎng)短句要交錯(cuò)使用，這樣才能使文章有聲有色。試比較以下兩種表達(dá)，體驗(yàn)高級(jí)句式的妙

49、處，學(xué)會(huì)使用高級(jí)句式。,1、改變時(shí)態(tài)：例：The bell is ringing.(一般)There goes the bell.(高級(jí)) 2、改變語(yǔ)態(tài)：例：People suggest that the conference be put off(一般).It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級(jí)) 3、使用不定式：例：He is so kind that he can help others(一般).He is so kind as to help me.(高級(jí)).,4、使用過(guò)去分詞：例：（）She walked out of t

50、he lab and many students followed her . (一般)Followed by many students , she walked out of the lab.(高級(jí)) (2)Once it is seen , it can never be forgotten .(一般)Once seen , it can never be forgotten .(高級(jí)),5、使用V+ing形式：例：(1)When he arrives, please give me an E-mail. (一般)On arriving/his arrival, please give

51、me an E-mail.(高級(jí)) （）If the weather permits , Ill come tomorrow.(一般)Ill come tomorrow , weather permitting (高級(jí)) 6、使用名詞性從句：例：(1)It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up .(一般)The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.（高級(jí)） （2）I happened to met him .（一般）It happened that I had met him.,

52、7、使用定語(yǔ)從句：例：The girl is highly spoken of . Her composition was well written (一般)The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of .(高級(jí)) . 8、使用狀語(yǔ)從句：例：（1）I wont believe what he says . （一般）No matter what he says , I wont believe. (高級(jí)),（2）If you come back before six oclock, you can go out .

53、 （一般）You can go out on condition that (provided that )you come back before six oclock.(高級(jí)) (3)If she doesnt agree, what shall we do ? （一般）Supposing that she doesnt agree , what shall we do ? (高級(jí)),9. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：例：The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the effort of the capital.(一般)But f

54、or the efforts of the captain , the ship would have sunk with all on board.(高級(jí)) 10. 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：例：Regular radio broadcasts began in 1920.(一般)It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began. (高級(jí)),11. 使用倒裝句：例：Though Im weak , Ill make the effort.(一般)Weak as I am , Ill make the effort.(高級(jí)) 12. 使用并列句：例：If you go through the gate , youll find the entrance to Bear Country.(一般)Go through the gate , and youll find the entrance to the Bear Country. (高級(jí)),一天夜里正在家睡覺(jué)，忽然聽(tīng)到根據(jù)以下圖