初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法1) leave 的用法1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地 ”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么時(shí)候離開上海的？2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)” 表示“離開某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什么要離開上海去北京？2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會(huì)”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚？should 有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如：We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 用于表示“ 應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該 ”的概念。常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。 2.用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。3. 用于表示可能性。should 的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅恕?She should be here any moment. 她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。 3) What.? 與 Which.?1. what 與 which 都是疑問(wèn)代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是 what 僅用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)。如：八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法What is your father? 你父親是干什么的？該句相當(dāng)于：What does your father do? What is your fathers job? Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如：-Which is Peter? 哪個(gè)是皮特？-The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。2.What.? 是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which.? 是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：What color do you like best?（所有顏色）你最喜愛什么顏色？Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜愛哪一種顏色？ （有特定的范圍）3. what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些圖片來(lái)自中國(guó)？4) 頻度副詞的位置1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些： always（總是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)候）never（從不）2.頻度副詞的位置：a.放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如：David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如：八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在 7:10 去上學(xué)。c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike. 有時(shí)我步行回家，有時(shí)我騎自行車。3.never 放在句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如：Never have I been there.我從沒到過(guò)那兒。5) every day 與 everyday1. every day 作狀語(yǔ)，譯為“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天 7：10 去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day. 我決定每天讀英語(yǔ)。2. everyday 作定語(yǔ)，譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。Whats your everyday activity? 你的日?；顒?dòng)是什么？6) 什么是助動(dòng)詞1.協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。例如：He doesnt like English. 他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。（doesnt 是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義； like 是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)：a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法b. 表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英國(guó)。c. 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？Did you study English before you came here?你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎？d. 與否定副詞 not 合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：I dont like him. 我不喜歡他。e. 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7) forget doing/to do 與 remember doing/to do1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事 (未做)；forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事 (已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。 (to come 動(dòng)作未做)典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法答案：C。由 the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而 forget doing sth 表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)；remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?8) Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如：easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞。如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。3.for 與 of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用 of，不通則用 for。如：You are nice. (通順，所以應(yīng)用 of)。He is hard. (人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用 for。)9) 對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問(wèn)新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問(wèn)這一題型取消的趨勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問(wèn)。例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens. 提問(wèn)：1. Who has three pens? 2. Which boy has three pens? 3. What does the boy in blue have? 八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法4. How many pens does the boy in blue have? 很顯然，學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度，也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如：句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提問(wèn)：1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday? 5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday? 6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?10) so、such 與不定冠詞的使用1.so 與不定冠詞 a、an 連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如：He is so funny a boy. Jim has so big a house.2.such 與不定冠詞 a、an 連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如：It is such a nice day. That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing 分詞的幾種情況1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在 have fun/problems 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me. 八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Are you good at playing basketball？5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：enjoy doing sth 樂(lè)于做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事feel like doing sth 想要做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事like doing sth 喜歡做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/聽到/ 觀看某人做某事try doing sth 試圖做某事need doing sth 需要做某事prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事miss doing sth 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事12) 英語(yǔ)中的“單數(shù)”1.主語(yǔ)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即可用 “he, she, it”代替的。如：八上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法he,she, it，my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys uncle2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：man（單數(shù)） -men（復(fù)數(shù)） banana （單數(shù)） -bananas（復(fù)數(shù)）3