2016_2017學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit2BeingaGoodLanguageLearnerPeriodThreeGrammar練習(xí).docx

Period Three Grammar & Writing語(yǔ)法精析如果按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分類，英文句子可分為三個(gè)類別：簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentence)、并列句(CompoundSentence)和復(fù)合句(ComplexSentence)。這里所說(shuō)的結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是指句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間所構(gòu)成的關(guān)系。一、簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentence)簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系。句子可能有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)，也可能有兩個(gè)或更多的謂語(yǔ)，但是句子中的主謂關(guān)系只有一個(gè)。簡(jiǎn)單句還可以有定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等句子成分。例如：Hollywoodisthemostfamousfilmmakingcenterintheworld.好萊塢是世界上最著名的電影制作中心。Hesanganddanced.他既唱歌又跳舞。二、并列句(CompoundSentence)并列句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系是并列的、對(duì)等的。從語(yǔ)法上講，所謂“并列”、“對(duì)等”是指任何一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)都能獨(dú)立地表達(dá)意思，誰(shuí)也不從屬于誰(shuí)。盡管如此，這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)在意思或邏輯上有一定程度的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。否則，它們就可能被分別寫成簡(jiǎn)單句，而沒有必要寫在一起構(gòu)成并列句了。在并列句中，要使兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(或者說(shuō)，分句)連接在一起，就要用并列連詞。并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行對(duì)等(即互不從屬)的分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面幾種：1表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思：but，yet，however，nevertheless。例如：Everythingintheworldisoutsideyoubuthealthbelongstoyourself.一切都是身外之物，只有健康屬于自己。HehaslearnedEnglishforonlyoneyear，yethecancommunicatewithpeopleinEnglish.他才學(xué)一年英文，但已能用它與人交流了。Johnhashisshortcomings；however，thatdoesntmeanheisnotqualifiedforthejob.約翰有缺點(diǎn)，但這不等于說(shuō)他不勝任這份工作。2表示因果關(guān)系：for，so，therefore，hence。例如：Youdbettertakeanumbrellawithyou，foritsgoingtorain.要下雨了，你最好帶把傘。Youareintheright，thereforeweshouldsupportyou.你是對(duì)的，所以我們?cè)撝С帜?。Thetownwasbuiltonthesideofahill，henceitsnamedHillside.這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)建在山旁，所以叫“山旁”。3表示并列關(guān)系and，neither.nor.，notonly.but(also)，both.and.，aswellas。例如：Shecametomyhouseyesterdayevening，andIwenttohers.昨晚她來(lái)我家了，我卻去她家了。Hedoesntknowyouraddress，neither/nordoI.他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。4表示選擇關(guān)系：or，either.or.。例如：Doitthiswayoryoullbeintrouble.你就這么辦，不然你會(huì)有麻煩的。Eitheryoutellhimthetruth，orIdoit.不是你告訴他事實(shí)，就是我來(lái)告訴。三、復(fù)合句(ComplexSentence)復(fù)合句明顯地不同于簡(jiǎn)單句，因?yàn)樗袃蓚€(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。從表面上看，它與并列句相似。其實(shí)不然，后者的幾個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系是并列的、對(duì)等的；而復(fù)合句中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只有一個(gè)是主要的，其他的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)都從屬于那個(gè)主要的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。那個(gè)主要的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱作句子的主句(MainClause)；其他的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱作句子的從句或子句(SubordinateClause)。復(fù)合句里的從句種類較多，引起不同的從句要用不同的從屬連詞。關(guān)于從屬連詞的具體使用將在“從句”的有關(guān)章節(jié)里再作介紹。另外，這里所說(shuō)的“從屬”關(guān)系，是指從句只有和主句在一起才能有意義；從句若從主句那里獨(dú)立出來(lái)就無(wú)法表達(dá)意義了。請(qǐng)看下列句子：Becausetheytalkathomewhilethetelevisionison，manypeoplethinktheycantalkatmoviesaswell.(狀語(yǔ)從句)許多人在家里是邊看電視邊談話，所以他們認(rèn)為在電影院也可以如此。Whetherhecomesornotdoesntmakeanydifferencetome.(主語(yǔ)從句)他來(lái)與不來(lái)對(duì)我都一樣。Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured.(賓語(yǔ)從句)什么是貨幣以及怎樣計(jì)量貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家之間存有分歧。Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.(表語(yǔ)從句)中國(guó)不是它過去的樣子了。Isthereanyproofthatthefoodofplantdiffersfromthatofanimals？(同位語(yǔ)從句)有沒有什么證據(jù)說(shuō)明植物性食品不同于動(dòng)物性食品？Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.(定語(yǔ)從句)她不在剛剛到達(dá)的火車上。即時(shí)跟蹤1用合適的并列連詞合并句子(1)Hereyeswerefilledwithtears.Hedidntnoticeit.Hereyeswerefilledwithtears，buthedidntnoticeit.(2)Pleasestartearly.Youcangetthereintime.Startearly，andyoucangetthereintime.(3)Shesingswell.Shedancesbeautifully.Notonlydoesshesingwell，butalsoshedancesbeautifully.(4)Youdontlikeit.Yoursisterdoesntlikeit.Neitheryounoryoursisterlikesit.(5)Itismorning.Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.Itismorning，forthebirdsaresinginginthetrees.2完成句子(1)Useyourhead，andyouwillfindaway(你就會(huì)想出辦法來(lái))(2)Ivegotameetingtoattend，soIhavetogo (因此我得走了) now.(3)Heknowssomepeoplewholikeswimming(喜歡游泳)(4)Assoonashegottotheschool(他一到學(xué)校)，hebegantostudy.(5)ThisiswhatIthink(我的想法)，andIshallbegladtobecorrectedifIamwrong.高考鏈接.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有一處錯(cuò)誤)1Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.(2015全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))orand2Infact，Idontliketogoanymore，soImafraidIlllosetheirfriendship.(2015四川，短文改錯(cuò))sobut3Apassengerrealizedhecouldntfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.(2014浙江，短文改錯(cuò))butand4Anditiswisetohaveasmanygoodfriendsthatwecan.(2014大綱全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))thatas5Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷，短文改錯(cuò))duringwhen6Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷，短文改錯(cuò))thatwhich7Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(2013遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))whichwhat8Iwantedtogiveup，andmygrandfathertoldmetowaitalittlelonger.(2013陜西，短文改錯(cuò))andbut.在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~(1個(gè)單詞)1Heisashyman, butheisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.(2015北京，25)2OppositeisSt.PaulsChurch, whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.(2015北京，24)3Standoverthereandyoullbeabletoseeitbetter.(2015天津例題)4Thebooksonthedesk，whosecoversareshiny，areprizesforus.(2015四川，3)5Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.(2015天津，12)6Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother，soplantscanspreadtonewplaces.(2014北京，21)7Givemeachance，andIllgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.(2014天津，1)8Idontreallyliketheauthor，althoughIhavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.(2014山東，2)9Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimesbeforeitfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”(2014安徽，25)10Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhatyoureafraidtodo.(2014福建，34)11IwasgladtomeetJennyagain，butIdidntwanttospendalldaywithher.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，3)12Dontturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprogramsoryoucouldhaveproblems.(2013北京，22)常用句式1Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?2Imgoingtotheconcert.3Idliketogoskatingifitissuitable.4IthinkIcanfinishtheprojectnextyear.5Ihavenoidea.6Itsuptoyou.7Howdoyoudo？Whatcourseswouldyouliketochoosethisterm?8Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.典例展示假設(shè)你是天津晨光中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校將于7月26日接待來(lái)自美國(guó)某中學(xué)的學(xué)生訪問團(tuán)。你受學(xué)校委托，負(fù)責(zé)安排其在津的一日活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，用英語(yǔ)給該團(tuán)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)Smith先生寫一封電子郵件，介紹活動(dòng)計(jì)劃并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由，最后征求對(duì)方意見。1上午與我校學(xué)生座談(話題如校園生活、文化差異等)；2中午與我校學(xué)生共同進(jìn)餐(午餐包括餃子、面條等)；3下午與我校學(xué)生游覽海河。注意：1.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2詞數(shù)100左右；3郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearMr.Smith，IamLiHua，chairmanoftheStudentsUnion，fromChenguangHighSchool.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua聯(lián)想詞匯1訪問payavisitto2委任某人做某事appointsb.todosth.3負(fù)責(zé)，掌管takechargeof4帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地showsb.aroundsp.5給某人一些建議givesb.someadvice佳作背誦DearMr.Smith，IamLiHua，chairmanoftheStudentsUnion，fromChenguangHighSchool.YourstudentsvisitinggroupfromtheUSwillpayavisittoourschoolonJuly26andIwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.Myplanisasfollows：Onthemorningofyourarrival，wewillshowyouaroundourschool.Thenadiscussionwillbeheld，whichmaycoversuchtopicsasschoollife，culturaldifferencesandsoon.Atnoon，wewillhaveagettogetherinourschoolsdininghallandwewillpreparedumplingsandnoodlesasmainfood.Intheafternoon，youtogetherwithsomeofourstudentrepresentativesaregoingtovisittheHaiheRiver.Then，youwillendyourvisit.Whatdoyouthinkoftheplan？Canyougivemesomeadviceonhowtomakeyourvisitmoreinterestingandimpressive?Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua.判斷下列句子的類型1WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.簡(jiǎn)單句2TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.復(fù)合句3Thereisachairinthisroom，isntthere？簡(jiǎn)單句4MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.簡(jiǎn)單句5HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.并列句6Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.復(fù)合句7Neitherhashechangedhismind，norwillhedoso.并列句8Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant，isntit？復(fù)合句9Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.簡(jiǎn)單句10BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.簡(jiǎn)單句.完成句子11Whathesaid(他說(shuō)的話) madeusexcited.12Ifyoustudyhard(如果你努力學(xué)習(xí))，youwillmakeprogress.13Englishisimportant，soyoushouldlearnitwell(所以你要學(xué)好)14Hisparentsoftenmadehimdothehousework(讓他做家務(wù))15Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot(他是否會(huì)來(lái)).閱讀理解AIamapersonwhowouldliketospeakEnglishwell.IfyougotoacountrywhereEnglishisthefirstlanguage，Ibelieveyouwilllearnmorequickly，soIchosetocometotheUnitedStateswhereIamtakingESLclassesatauniversitytolearnEnglish.WehavealotofactivitiestopractisespeakingEnglish，andIwasimpressedbyoneactivitywhichwascalled“ElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident.”Whentheteachergaveusthetask，Ithoughtitwasaverygoodtopicbecauseeveryonehereisinterestedinthistopicnow.IthoughtitwouldbeagoodchanceforustolearnmoreEnglishbecausewewouldhavetoimitate(模仿) boththedialogandgesturesoftheAmericanpresidentialcandidates(候選人) wehaverecentlyseenonTV.Weweredividedintotwogroups；therewerefivestudentsineachgroup.Eachgroupselectedcandidatestorunforpresidentandvicepresident.Theotherstudentsineachgroupsupportedthecandidates.Allofushadtopreparespeeches.Thepresidentandvicepresidentshadtogivecampaign(競(jìng)選) speeches.Theotherstudentsalsohadtoconvincepeopletovotefortheircandidates.Speakinginfrontoftheclassandtryingtopersuadethemtovoteforourteamswasanimportantthingwelearnedfromthisactivity.Wewerelearningtousefutureconditions.Herearesomeexamples: IfIamelected，Iwillfightforbettereducation.Ifsheiselected，shewillgivewomenmoreopportunities.Everyonepreparedtheirworktogether.Wehelpedeachother.Itmademehappy.Inadditiontopreparingourspeeches，wemadecampaignposters，andpracticedcheeringforourcandidates.Onthepresentationday，wewereexcitedandhadgoodluck.Wehadagoodteachertohelpusrelax，andthepresentationswentwell.Wesharedtheexperiencetogether，andtheteachertookpicturesofallofus.Wehadalotoffun.16ThewriterwenttotheUnitedStatesinorderto.AtakepartinanactivityBlearntospeakEnglishCelectagoodpresidentDhaveapleasanttrip答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“.soIchosetocometotheUnitedStateswhereIamtakingESLclassesatauniversitytolearnEnglish.”可知，作者去美國(guó)是為了學(xué)英語(yǔ)。故選B。17“ElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident”isanactivitythatcanhelpthestudents.AtomakemorefriendsBtounderstandeachotherbetterCtogetgoodmarksintheexamsDtoimprovetheirEnglish答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“WehavealotofactivitiestopractisespeakingEnglish，andIwasimpressedbyoneactivitywhichwascalledElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident.”可知，這個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的是提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平。故選D。18Theunderlinedword“convince”(inParagraph4) probablymeans“”AforceBcommandCpersuadeDallow答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該劃線詞所在句中的“peopletovotefortheircandidates”以及后一句“Speakinginfrontoftheclassandtryingtopersuadethemtovoteforourteams.”可知，此處指的是說(shuō)服人們來(lái)為他們的候選人投票。故選C。19Bytakingpartin“ElectingaPresidentandaVicePresident”thestudentscanlearn.AhowtousefuturetenseBtheimportanceofwomenCthehistoryofEnglishDwhattohappeninfuture答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“Wewerelearningtousefutureconditions.”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)谶@個(gè)活動(dòng)中能學(xué)會(huì)如何使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。BEachyear，millionsofpeoplegoabroadtowork，study，ortravel.Itsagreatwaytofindoutwhatlifeislikeinanotherpartoftheworld！Youreprobablyhopingtomakenewfriendsandlearnaboutthecultureinyourhostcountry，everythingfromattitudesandbeliefstosocialcustomsandpopularfoods.Butconstantlyhavingtodealwithnewsituationscanbefrustrating，evenstressful.Homesickness，stress，fear，andconfusionareallsymptomsof“cultureshock”.Atfirst，youmayfeellikegettingontheplaneandheadinghome.ItsOKtohavethosefeelings，butthefollowingaresometipstohelpyouhandlethechallengesthatyouwillface.Dontexpecttobeperfect.Youmayfeelfrustratedthatyouhavecultureshock，especiallysinceyouprobablyspentsomuchtimepreparingforyourtrip.Nomatterhowmuchinformationyouread，orhowwellyouspeakthehostlanguage，itisnaturaltofeeloverwhelmedsometimes.Ifyougiveyourselfsometime，thingswillgraduallygeteasier.Haveanopenmind.WhileitscertainlyOKtofeelfrustrationorconfusioninyournewsurroundings，trynottoformanopinionaboutthenewculturetoosoon.Dontthinkofthehostcultureasbetterorworse，justdifferentyoullbemorewillingtotrynewthings.Participate.Thisisobvious，buteverybodyneedstobereminded.Justwatchinglifegoonaroundyouisntgoodenough.Youreallyneedtotrythingsforyourself.Dontworryaboutmakingamistake；peopleinyourhostcountrywillgenerallybeveryunderstandingandwillingtohelpifyouhavequestions.Yourstudyabroadexperienceisauniqueandspecialtimeinyourlife，onethatyoullneverforget.Ifyoufollowoursuggestions，youllbeabletohandleitwell，andhaveawonderfultime.Goodluck!20Whatis“cultureshock”？ASomethingyoufeelsurprisedat.BTheproblemsyouhavewhenyougotoanothercountry.CThefrighteningfeelingsyouhave.DSomethingdifferentfromyourownculture.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一、二段可知。21Whichonedoesntbelongtocultureshock?AHomesickness.BStress.CFear.DIgnorance.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段第一句“Homesickness，stress，fearandconfusionareallsymptomsofcultureshock”得出答案。22Whatshouldyoudowhenyoufeeldepressed?AGobacktoyourownhomeland.BTalktosomeoneaboutyourproblem.CGiveyourselfsometimetogetusedtoit.DStopthinkingofit.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段最后一句“Ifyougiveyourselfsometime，thingswillgraduallygeteasier.”可得知答案。23WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?AItisnaturaltofeeloverwhelmedsometimes.BNoteverythingisperfect.CTrynottoformtheopinionaboutthenewcultureassoonaspossible.DTellothersaboutyourproblems.答案D解析文章第三段提到A、B兩項(xiàng)；文章第四段提到C項(xiàng)；選項(xiàng)D是文章沒提到的。.語(yǔ)法填空Mr.Brownwastiredoflivinginthebigcity24.whereheworked.Hewantedtomovetothecountryandliveinahousefromwhichhecouldgettohisofficeinthecityearlyeveryday.He25.waslooking(look) forahousewhenhesawanadvertisementinanewspaperoneday.Theadvertisementsaidthatasuitablehouseinaquietareawasupforsale26.atareasonableprice，andthehousewaswithinastonesthrowofarailwaystationfromwhichtherewerefrequent27.trains(train) tothebigcity.“Thatsexactly28.whatIneed，”Mr.Brownsaidtohimself.Sohecalledthehouseagencyandarranged(安排) togobytrainthenextday29.tohave(have) alookatthehouse.Thehouseagencymethimatthestationandtheystartedwalking.It30.took(take) thematleast15minutestogettothehouse.Whentheyfinallyarrived，Mr.Brownsaid31.angrily(angry)，“Ierested(interest) tomeetthemanwhothrewthestoneyoumentionedin33.thenewspaper.”.短文改錯(cuò)MyfathergofishingaloneeverySunday.Thismorningwhenweweregotup，itwasfine.Fatherdecidedtogofishing，somotherstoppedhim，saidthatitwasgoingtorainaccordingtotheweatherforecast.Sheaskedhimtoputoffhisraincoat，buthedidnottakeheradvices.Whenhegottotheriver，itwascloud.Soontherainbegantofallheavilyandhewascaughtinit.Aftershegothome，hewaswetthrough.“Didy