情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modelverb.ppt

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（model verbs）,主講：蒯忠山（江蘇省大港中學(xué)） 審稿：楊志平 王明霞（鎮(zhèn)江市教育局教研室）,基本概念,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣，是英語(yǔ)中的一種特殊動(dòng)詞，不可以在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，而是與不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式一起使用，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所談及的動(dòng)作和事物的態(tài)度及看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。,一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,can / could,1) 表示能力。“能、能夠、會(huì)” He could play the piano at the age of 6. 他在六歲時(shí)就會(huì)彈鋼琴了。 A computer cant think for itself. 計(jì)算機(jī)不會(huì)獨(dú)立思考。,The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt,2）表示客觀的可能性 Anybody can make mistakes. 任何人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。 Driving on the snowy roads can be very dangerous. 在積雪的路上開(kāi)車(chē)可能會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)。,It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would,can在否定和疑問(wèn)句中表達(dá)可能性時(shí)，有驚訝、懷疑、不相信之意，這時(shí)can與could沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差異，只是could比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉、客氣。,How can it be true? I cant believe my eyes. 這怎么可能是真的？我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信我的眼睛。 It couldnt be Dad. He wont be back this time of evening. 那不大可能是爸爸，他不會(huì)在晚上這個(gè)時(shí)候回來(lái)。,3）表示許可 You can go with them if you like. 如果你愿意，你可以跟他們一起去。 - Can I have a look at your new design? - Yes, of course you can. 我可以看一下你的新設(shè)計(jì)嗎？ 當(dāng)然可以。,2. may / might,may / might可以表示“許可”“可能性”“祝愿” 1) 表示許可時(shí)，may和might沒(méi)有時(shí)間之分，只是might比may更加委婉，更沒(méi)有把握。,May / Might I trouble you to pass me the book? 能不能麻煩你把那本書(shū)遞給我？ - May I listen to music while doing homework? - No, you mustnt. 做作業(yè)時(shí)我能聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎？ 不，不行。,2）表示可能性 may和might常用來(lái)表示將要發(fā)生或可能正在發(fā)生的可能性。might不是may的過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性小一些。 We may go camping this Saturday. 本周六我們可能去宿營(yíng)。 John is absent. He might be ill. 約翰沒(méi)來(lái)，他可能病了。,- Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? - Sorry, I am not sure, but it _be. A. might B will C. must D. can,3. must,1）表示“必須”“一定要”，指說(shuō)話人的主觀語(yǔ)氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀意志。 You must cut down on smoking. 你必須少抽點(diǎn)煙。 - Must I come back before ten? - Yes, you must. 我必須十點(diǎn)前回來(lái)嗎？ 是的，你必須回來(lái)。,2）表示推論，用在肯定句中表示有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定、準(zhǔn)是”。在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，用can和cant.,You must be kidding. I know you know nothing about it. 你一定在開(kāi)玩笑，我知道你對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。 ( It cant be Mum. She is at work now.) 那肯定不是媽媽?zhuān)F(xiàn)在正在上班。,You _be tired-youve only been working for an hour. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not,3）在疑問(wèn)句中must可用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的愿望，表示“偏要、偏偏”。 Why must you find another job while you have got one? 你已有一份工作，為什么偏偏再找一份？,John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need,4. will / would,1）表示意愿或意志、決心。will指現(xiàn)在, would指過(guò)去。 I will finish my lesson even if I have to stay up all night. 即使我整夜不睡覺(jué)我也一定要把功課做完。 He said he would do anything for her. 他說(shuō)他愿意為她做任何事。,2）用于第二人稱(chēng)表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will語(yǔ)氣委婉、客氣。 Will you come this way? 請(qǐng)這邊走好嗎？ Would you please open the window? 請(qǐng)你打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)好嗎？,3）表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或特性。will表現(xiàn)在, would表過(guò)去，帶有主觀性。 This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without doing anything. 這位老人真奇怪，他常坐著幾個(gè)小時(shí)都不說(shuō)話。,Whenever I was not at home, my child _ watch TV. A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to,5. need,1）表示“需要、必要”時(shí)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 - Need I tell him everything that has happened to his parents? - No, you neednt. / Yes, you must. 我有必要告訴他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎？ 不，沒(méi)有必要。/ 是的。,2）need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后面常跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，其否定式、疑問(wèn)式都要通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。 I need to go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair. 這個(gè)星期天我要去北京參加一個(gè)書(shū)展。,Do I need to leave my telephone number and address? 我需要留下電話號(hào)碼和地址嗎？,6. dare,1）表示“敢、敢于”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中，其過(guò)去式為dared。 You will be punished if you dare break the rule. 如果你敢違反規(guī)定，你會(huì)受到懲罰的。,2）dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，肯定式中其賓語(yǔ)要跟帶to的不定式，而在否定和疑問(wèn)句中的不定式符號(hào)to可要可不要。 The student doesnt dare (to) raise any question in class. 在課堂上這個(gè)學(xué)生不敢提任何問(wèn)題。,7. shall,1）shall用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。 Shall we put off the sports meet until next week? 我們能否將運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)星期？ Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 先生，亨利正在門(mén)外等著，可以讓他進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？,2）shall用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。 You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. 明天我就會(huì)給你答復(fù)。 Tell Jack he shall get a gift if he is nice. 告訴杰克如果他表現(xiàn)好的話，他就會(huì)得到一份禮物。,3）shall用于第三人稱(chēng)，在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或表示“應(yīng)該、必須”。 Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms. 我們俱樂(lè)部的成員都應(yīng)該穿制服。,- What does the sign over there read? - “No person _ smoke in this area.” Awill Bmay Cshall D. must,It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. must C. should D. shall,- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt,8. should,1）表示義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，往往表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)。 I think todays children should learn to respect their elders. 我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)好好學(xué)習(xí)尊敬長(zhǎng)輩。,I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can,2）表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、憤怒、失望等特殊情感。 Its surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack. 真是奇怪，瑪麗竟然愛(ài)上像杰克這樣的人。,Its terrible. The car _ break down just as we were going on our holiday. A. should B. would C. could D. must,3）表示很大的可能性，譯作“可能”“應(yīng)該”“照理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”。 Its already 10. She promised to come by 10. She should be here at any moment. 已經(jīng)10點(diǎn)了，她答應(yīng)10點(diǎn)前來(lái)的。她隨時(shí)都可能到。,- Shall I go and buy more fruits for the party? - No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _ be enough. A. can B. should C. may D. might,二、常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法比較,can與be able to,can表示“能力”時(shí)，與be able to相當(dāng)，許多場(chǎng)合可以互相替換。但當(dāng)敘述過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力才能完成的事情，只能用was (were) able to.,He could (= was able to) swim when he was six years old. 他六歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳了。（敘述一般的能力）,Even though I had my leg hurt, I _ finish the whole distance. A. could B. had to C. might D. was able to,be able to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。 Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow? 你明天能把講座錄下來(lái)嗎？ Im sorry I havent been able to answer your letter in time. 真對(duì)不起我沒(méi)能及時(shí)給你回信。,2. must與have to,must多表示說(shuō)話人主觀意志，have to多強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀條件。 You must go to bed early every night. 你每晚必須早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)。 I have to go now. My friend is waiting for me downstairs. 現(xiàn)在我得走了，朋友在樓下等我。,3. would與used to,would和used to都可以表示“過(guò)去常?！保玾ould表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)；used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。,He would come to see us on Sundays. 過(guò)去星期天他常常來(lái)看我們。（現(xiàn)在情況如何不明確） Our company used to do business with theirs. 我們公司過(guò)去和他們公司常有業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)有了）,三、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法,must have done,表示對(duì)過(guò)去的一種肯定推測(cè)，意為“肯定” “一定”。僅用于肯定句。 When I called her, there was no answer. She must have been out. 當(dāng)我叫她時(shí)，沒(méi)有回應(yīng)。她肯定出去了。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是潮濕的，昨晚一定下過(guò)雨。,- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. - Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have,He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant,2. may / might have done,表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情把握性不太大的肯定推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于“大概”“可能”。 He may / might have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 他可能在這起車(chē)禍中受了重傷。,- Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. - You it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put,3. should (ought to) have done,在肯定句中表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有發(fā)生但卻應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事；在否定句中表示過(guò)去發(fā)生了本不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事。,You should have come to the lab if you were really serious about your experiment. 如果你真的對(duì)你的實(shí)驗(yàn)負(fù)責(zé)的話，你本該來(lái)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的。 They shouldnt have given him so much money because he asked for. 他們本不應(yīng)該僅僅因?yàn)樗徒o他這么多錢(qián)。,- Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted,4. can (could) have done,用來(lái)對(duì)過(guò)去可能發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。could have done 還可表示本來(lái)可以做但卻沒(méi)有做。,He cant have go