設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè).PPT

我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、問題及未來發(fā)展方向 Status，problems and development direction of protected horticulture in China,目 錄 Outline,一、我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r Status of protected horticulture in China 二、我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝存在的問題 Main problems of protected horticulture in China 三、我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝的未來發(fā)展方向 Development direction choice of protected horticulture in China,一、我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r Status of protected horticulture in China,2005年全國(guó)園藝設(shè)施面積250余萬公頃，其中大型連棟溫室1500公頃左右，日光溫室60余萬公頃，日光溫室占北方地區(qū)整個(gè)溫室和大棚面積的80%左右。 In 2005, protected horticulture area reached 2.5 million ha ，among them, multi-span greenhouse 1500ha, solar greenhouse 0.6 million ha. Solar greenhouse area is about 80% of total horticultural facilities area in North of China,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,1.設(shè)施園藝的生產(chǎn)狀況 Production basis of protected horticulture,以設(shè)施蔬菜為主、占設(shè)施總面積95%以上，但近年來設(shè)施果樹和花卉、以及設(shè)施養(yǎng)殖業(yè)也在快速發(fā)展。 Protected vegetable area is more than 95% of total protected horticulture. In the recent year, protected fruit tree and flower, and facilities feeding also see a rapid development 設(shè)施蔬菜總產(chǎn)值超過2000億元。 Total output value of protected vegetable exceeds 200 billion ,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,(1)設(shè)施蔬菜的生產(chǎn)狀況 Protected vegetable production,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,（2）設(shè)施食用菌的生產(chǎn)狀況,占世界總產(chǎn)65 生產(chǎn)大?。焊＝ā⒄憬⒑幽?設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,Mushroom prodution in protected horticulture,（3）設(shè)施西、甜瓜的生產(chǎn)狀況 Watermelon and melon prodution in protected horticulture,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,我國(guó)98年設(shè)施西甜瓜 14.6萬ha(無籽西瓜 4.7萬ha), 占設(shè)施總面積9.1%。98年人均西瓜31kg,人均甜瓜2.8kg。同期世界西瓜面積265萬ha,甜瓜面積100 萬ha。 In 1998, the protected area of watermelon and melon is 0.146 million ha, which is only 9.1 % of total protected horticulture. Per capita watermelon yield is only 31kg, and melon 2.8kg. But the area of watermelon and melon is 2.65 and 1 million ha, respectively, in all the world duing the same time.,2004年設(shè)施西甜瓜 60.28 萬ha(設(shè)施甜瓜面積7萬多ha)，占設(shè)施總面積18.6%，占西甜瓜總面積30.4% In 2004, the protected area of watermelon and melon reached 0.6028 million ha, which is 18.6 % of total protected horticulture and 30.4 % of total area of watermelon and melon,（4）設(shè)施果樹的生產(chǎn)狀況 Protected fruit tree production,果樹設(shè)施面積占設(shè)施總面積的2.3%，草莓62%，葡萄18%，桃17%，其他3%.,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,日光溫室果樹,（5）設(shè)施花卉的生產(chǎn)狀況 Flower production in protected horticulture,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,2004年設(shè)施花卉面積占設(shè)施總面積的0.9% 。占花卉總面積4.68%. In 2004, the area of flower production in protected horticulture is only 0.9 % and 4.68%. of total protected horticulture and total flower production area, respectively. 2005年全國(guó)花卉種植面積81萬公頃，花卉銷售額503.3億元，出口額1.54億美元。 In 2005, the area of flower production in protected horticulture is 0.81 million ha, sales amout reached 50330 million ￥ and export amout 154 million ,目前全國(guó)有花卉市場(chǎng)2500多個(gè)，花店2萬多家，種植面積3公頃或年?duì)I業(yè)額500萬元以上的企業(yè)達(dá)8300多家，花農(nóng)125萬多戶，花卉從業(yè)人員440多萬 In China, there are more than 25oo flower markets, more than 20000 flower shops and more than 8300 corporations with plant area more than 3 ha or per turnover more than 5000 thosand ￥. There are more than 1250 thousand flower famers and more than 4400 thousand practitioner.,Cyclamen（仙客來）,盆花栽培,鮮切花生產(chǎn),2.設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的研究基礎(chǔ) 2.Research basis of protected horticulture,“六五”以來我國(guó)注意加強(qiáng)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)高效節(jié)能栽培技術(shù)研究。 Since 1980, high efficient energy-saving cultivation technology of protected horticulture is being concerned and investigated in China “九五”以來我國(guó)進(jìn)入了現(xiàn)代設(shè)施園藝研究階段。 Since 1995, China has stepped into a new research stage of modern protected horticulture. 20多年來取得近百項(xiàng)國(guó)家級(jí)和省部級(jí)科研成果 About 100 research achievements on protected horticulture have been awarded by the country, province and ministry prizes in the past twenties years.,設(shè)施園藝的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,Status of protected horticulture in China,“六五”以來農(nóng)業(yè)部及科技部所列相關(guān)的主要項(xiàng)目,研制出適應(yīng)我國(guó)南北不同氣候生態(tài)區(qū)的現(xiàn)代連棟溫室及其環(huán)境自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)，突出了適應(yīng)、節(jié)能和低成本。 Develop various types of modern multi-span greenhouses and its environment auto-control systems with the advantage of energy-saving and low cost, suitable to the different climatic ecological zones in South and North, China 推動(dòng)了京鵬等60余家連棟溫室企業(yè)的發(fā)展，使國(guó)外大型連棟溫室自1999年起退出了中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。 Now the number of the multi-span greenhouse enterprises is more than 60, which made the foreign multi-span greenhouse companies withdraw from Chinas market since 1999.,成果1.設(shè)施與環(huán)境工程技術(shù)研究與開發(fā),Study on facilities and environment engineering technology,主要特點(diǎn)：（較進(jìn)口同類溫室） Advantages: compared with foreign 節(jié)能(Energy-saving)42%； 造價(jià)低(reducing cost)41%。 綜合性能接近國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平 Approach to the international level,主要特點(diǎn)：(室外遮陽及通風(fēng)) Advantages: 可使夏季室內(nèi)溫度比室外低3-5 Reduce 3-5 in multi-span greenhouse in summer compared with the outside 抗10級(jí)暴風(fēng) Typhoon resistance,華南型溫室 Huanan-type Greenhouse,華北型溫室 Huabei-type Greenhouse,北京京鵬環(huán)球科技公司設(shè)計(jì)建造 Designed and constructed by Beijing Kingpeng International Hi-Tech Corporation,沈陽北陵蘭花公司自行設(shè)計(jì)建造 Self-designed and constructed by Beiling Orchid company, Shenyang,國(guó)內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)幾種節(jié)能連棟溫室 Several types of energy-saving multi-span greenhouse,研究開發(fā)了溫室環(huán)境自動(dòng)化測(cè)控系統(tǒng),485總線系統(tǒng),硬件 Hardware,Developed auto-control system of multi-span greenhouse,主要包括 mainly including： 研制出我國(guó)新型高效節(jié)能日光溫室遼沈系列日光溫室， Develop new type of high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse-Liaoshen series solar greenhouses 研制出西北集雨型和雙連棟節(jié)能日光溫室 Develop rain-harvesting and double-connected energy-saving solar greenhouse in Northwest, China 研制出日光溫室配套環(huán)境控制設(shè)備，特別是自動(dòng)卷簾系統(tǒng)，每天增加光照時(shí)數(shù)1.5小時(shí)，大幅度減小了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。 Develop auxiliary equipments of environment control of solar greenhouse,Develop high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse and its environment control equipment suitable to North of China,研制出適合“三北”地區(qū)的新型高效節(jié)能日光溫室及其環(huán)境控制配套設(shè)備,主要特點(diǎn) main feature： 采光好(the lighting well):透光率較鞍型溫室提高7%10%; 增溫快保溫好(warming fast, high heat-preserving):冬季室內(nèi)外溫差(Difference in temp. between house and outdoor in winter)=2530 空間大(Space large)：便于空間利用和機(jī)械化作業(yè)；,第二代高效節(jié)能日光溫室遼沈型日光溫室,遼寧莊河示范區(qū) Demonstration zone of Zhuanghe, Liaoning,The second-generation high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse -Type Liaoshen solar greenhouse,主要特點(diǎn) main feature： 環(huán)境：近于遼沈型日光溫室,Environment condition good 環(huán)控：可實(shí)現(xiàn)日光溫室環(huán)境自動(dòng)控制,Environment auto-control 空間大：跨度12 m，高度5.5 m，便于空間利用和機(jī)械化作業(yè)； Space larger,第三代高效節(jié)能日光溫室遼沈型日光溫室,The third-generation high efficient energy-saving solar greenhouse -Type Liaoshen solar greenhouse,主要特點(diǎn) Main feature： 雙連棟日光溫室：提高土地利用率 30%；Increase the utilization ratio 30% of farmland. 溫室與集雨結(jié)合：夏秋季降雨 170.5mm時(shí)，溫室棚面可集雨 146.6m3，集水效率為 82.3% Rain-harvesting ratio=82.3%,西北集雨型和雙連棟節(jié)能日光溫室,集雨型日光溫室 Rain-harvesting solar greenhouse,雙連棟日光溫室 Double-connected solar greenhouse,甘肅武威示范基地 Demonstration zone of Wuwei,Gansu Province,Northwest type of rain-harvesting and double-connected energy-saving solar greenhouse,獲得國(guó)家授權(quán)實(shí)用新型專利5項(xiàng) Obtain 5 national utility model patents,日光溫室配套環(huán)境控制設(shè)備 Auxiliary environment control equipments of solar greenhouse,通風(fēng)卷膜器,熱風(fēng)爐,復(fù)合保溫被,卷鋪機(jī)構(gòu),卷鋪機(jī)構(gòu),單片機(jī)環(huán)境監(jiān)控,成果2.種苗工程技術(shù)研究與開發(fā) Study & development of seedling engineering technique,專用品種選育取得突破性進(jìn)展 Special varieties breeding for greenhouse cultivation,此外，在茄子、甜瓜、西瓜等方面也選育出一批設(shè)施專用品種,黃瓜新品種 New varieties of cucumber,中農(nóng)19,中農(nóng)9號(hào),YD3密刺型,京研迷你2號(hào),北京102,番茄新品種 New varieties of tomato,北京櫻桃番茄,中雜12號(hào),佳紅5號(hào),京丹5號(hào),ST04,紫龍,京彩黃星2號(hào),京彩紅星2號(hào),班1006,2513甜椒,甜辣椒新品種 New varieties of sweet pepper,甜瓜新品種 New varieties of melon, 研制出日光溫室穴盤育苗產(chǎn)品及技術(shù) Develop plug seedling technique for solar greenhouse,工廠化育苗 Industrial seedling, 篩選出蔬菜抗病嫁接砧木，建立了斷根嫁接新技術(shù),Select vegetable anti-disease graft stock, Established the root-cutting grafted seedling technique,工廠化育苗 Industrial seedling, 研制出黃瓜、西瓜、青椒、番茄和西蘭花等9種蔬菜低成本工廠化育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程。,Develop 9 kinds of vegetable industrial seedling technical regulations with low cost, such as cucumber, watermelon, tomato, sweet pepper and broccoli.,工廠化育苗 Industrial seedling, 研究開發(fā)了蝴蝶蘭、紅掌、大花惠蘭3種名貴花卉組培快繁技術(shù), 提出四季海棠等15種花卉的工廠化育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程。,Develop the technique of tissue culture and rapid propagation for Butterfly orchid, Anthurium and Cymbidium grandiflorum,Establish 15 kinds of flower industrial seedling technical regulations,（1）建立連棟溫室番茄和黃瓜高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)體系，年最高產(chǎn)量分別達(dá)40.7kg/m2、38.3kg/m2，提高60%以上 Establish tomato and cucumber high quality production technical system in multi-span greenhouse, annually the highest yield 40.7kg/m2、38.3kg/m2 respectively, fruit yield is increased by over 60%. （2）研制出日光溫室黃瓜、番茄、辣椒、甜瓜、茄子全季節(jié)節(jié)能高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程；黃瓜和番茄最高產(chǎn)量分別達(dá)31.2kg/m2、33.4kg/m2，提高一倍以上。 Develop energy-saving high quality with high yield production technical regulations of tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, melon, eggplant in solar greenhouse, annual yield of tomato and cucumber reaches 31.2kg/m2、33.4kg/m2 respectively, with an increase of 100% compared with before. （3）建立了溫室番茄“樹式”觀賞栽培模式。中型果單株14000余個(gè),小型果單株25000余個(gè)。 Establish the ornamental cultivation model of tomato “tree”, the number of small fruit and mini fruit of tomato is 14000 and 25000,respectively.,成果3.種植工藝工程技術(shù)研究與示范,Study and demonstration of cultivation technique in greenhouse,大型溫室番茄和黃瓜專家管理系統(tǒng)及高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)安全生產(chǎn),Tomato and cucumber expert management system and high quality cultivation in multi-span greenhouse,Cucumber Expert System,Tomato Expert System,日光溫室黃瓜、番茄、辣椒、甜瓜、茄子全季節(jié)節(jié)能高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)安全生產(chǎn),Tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, melon and eggplant energy-saving high quality cultivation in solar greenhouse,溫室番茄“樹式”觀賞栽培,櫻桃番茄(Mini tomato fruit) 25000,小番茄(Small tomato fruit) 14000,Tomato “tree” ornamental cultivation in greenhouse,（1）通過研究亞適宜環(huán)境下番茄和黃瓜生育及光合障礙機(jī)理，建立溫室番茄和黃瓜逆境障礙防止技術(shù)。,（2）通過番茄落花機(jī)理的研究,研制出提高番茄坐果率和果實(shí)膨大速度的“豐產(chǎn)劑2號(hào)”,在全國(guó)18個(gè)省市自治區(qū)累計(jì)推廣40余萬畝。,成果4.環(huán)境逆境生育障礙控制技術(shù)研究,Study on control technology of environment stress fertility handicap in solar greenhouse,By studying on fertility and photosynthesis handicap mechanism of tomato and cucumber under the sub-optimal environment condition in solar greenhouse. Establish the technology preventing from stress handicap of tomato and cucumber in greenhouse,By studying on tomato flower-drop mechanism. Develop “No2 Fengchanji” to increase fruit setting rate and fruit expanding speed of tomato, now the cumulative extension area is 26000 hm2. covering 18 provinces (cities, autonomous regions ),Patent certificate,（3）通過研究溫室連作障礙發(fā)生原因，建立了增施有機(jī)肥、嫁接栽培和無土栽培等為主體溫室土壤連作障礙綜合治理技術(shù)體系，蔬菜產(chǎn)量提高20%以上。,Establish the comprehensive control technology system preventing from the continuous cropping obstacle, including applying organic manure, grafted technique and soilless culture, resulted in an increase ( 20%) of vegetable yield in solar greenhouse.,項(xiàng)目建立了科技示范區(qū)108個(gè)。 Construct 108 Sci-Tech demonstration zones 引進(jìn)園藝品種資源540多份，篩選出優(yōu)良蔬菜品種50多個(gè)，花卉品種30余個(gè)。 Introduce 540 kinds of horticulture variety resource. Select 50 kinds of high quality vegetable varieties and 30 kinds of flower varieties. 制定了21個(gè)日光溫室蔬菜生產(chǎn)技術(shù)地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和11種蔬菜產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Establish 21 kinds of vegetable production technology regulations and 11 kinds of vegetable products standard for solar greenhouse. 建立了23種設(shè)施花卉產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)體系 Establish 23 kinds of protected flower production technology system,成果5.科技示范區(qū)的建設(shè),Construction of the sci-technology demonstration area,獲國(guó)家授權(quán)專利20余項(xiàng) Obtain more than 20 national patents 獲省部級(jí)二等獎(jiǎng)以上成果12項(xiàng)； Over 12 achievements have been awarded the country, province and ministry prizes 發(fā)表核心期刊論文473篇， Publish 473 academic papers 出版相關(guān)著作49部。 Publish 49 works,取得的相關(guān)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)情況,Obtain the intellectual property rights,獲科技獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) Obtain Sci-Tech awards,二、我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝存在的主要問題,Main problems of protected horticulture in China,與國(guó)外比較，在生產(chǎn)效果上主要有以下問題： Main problems in production effect, compared with the advanced countries 勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率較低 Low labor production efficiency 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益下降 Low economic benefit 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不高 Poor product quality 產(chǎn)量低 Low yield,我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝發(fā)展的主要問題,Main problems on protected horticulture development in China,我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝發(fā)展的主要問題,主要原因Main reason： 設(shè)施簡(jiǎn)陋，機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化水平低； Horticultural facilities are relatively simple with the low level of mechanization and auto-control 生育障礙嚴(yán)重，技術(shù)服務(wù)體系不健全； Fertility handicap is serious, technical service system is unsound 專用品種質(zhì)量不高、數(shù)量不足； Shortage of high quality varieties for protected horticulture 缺乏穩(wěn)定且優(yōu)良的生產(chǎn)模式與技術(shù)體系 Shortage of stable production model and technology system,Main problems on protected horticulture development, China,我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝發(fā)展的主要問題,主要根源key reason： 科技成果不能滿足生產(chǎn)需求， Sci-Tech achievements dont meet the production demand 生產(chǎn)者的科技文化素質(zhì)低 Growthers Sci-Tech and culture level is low,Main problems on protected horticulture development, China,三、我國(guó)設(shè)施園藝發(fā)展的方向,Development direction choice of protected horticulture in China,包括Including： 節(jié)約農(nóng)業(yè)資源與降低成本 Saving agricultural resource and low cost 高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)無害化生產(chǎn) High quality with high yield and safety 提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)效率 High labor production efficiency 保護(hù)環(huán)境 The environment friendly and no pollution 滿足特種需求 Meet special demand,1.主要目標(biāo):實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)施園藝現(xiàn)代化 Main Target: Modernization of protected horticulture,發(fā)展適合我國(guó)國(guó)情及不同地區(qū)氣候特點(diǎn)的設(shè)施園藝 Develop protected horticulture suitable for the national condition and different region climate character