中英合作水資源需求管理項目【最新精品】.doc

專業(yè)好文檔UK/ChinaWaterResourcesDemandManagementAssistanceProject中英合作水資源需求管理項目WRDMAPGlossaryofTerms:ChineseandEnglish術(shù)語匯編（中英對照）（初版）WaterResourcesDemandManagementAssistanceProject水資源需求管理援助項目WRDMAPGlossaryofTerms:ChineseandEnglish術(shù)語匯編（中英對照）“Acquirenewknowledgewhilstthinkingovertheold,andyoumaybecomeateacherofothers.”Confucius“溫故而知新，可以為師矣”孔子Preface前言本術(shù)語表是水資源需求管理項目術(shù)語表的初級版本，是在水資源需求管理項目中匯編而成，該項目是由英國國際發(fā)展部出資、水利部負責(zé)實施的雙邊合作項目。在水行業(yè)發(fā)展項目初期就開始編寫術(shù)語表，隨后在水資源需求管理援助項目（WRDMAP）啟動之前進一步對術(shù)語表進行了修訂和更新。WRDMAP項目決定將目前版本的術(shù)語表印刷成冊，盡管專家們指出它還存在諸多不足之處。在項目起始階段對術(shù)語表盡可能地進行了修正。WRDMAP項目計劃在2006年底重新印制術(shù)語表，在第二版中將納入來自相關(guān)各方的修改意見和建議。Thisdraft/preliminaryversionoftheWaterResourcesDemandManagementProjectGlossaryhasbeenassembledundertheWaterResourcesDemandManagementProjectfundedbyDFIDandcarriedoutbyMWR.TheGlossary專業(yè)好文檔wasstartedduringtheearlierWaterSectorDevelopmentProjectandwassubsequentlyfurtherdevelopedduringtheperiodpriortothecommencementofWRDMAP.IthasbeendecidedtoprintthisversiondespitethefactthatWRDMAPexpertshaveidentifiedmanyshortcomingsinthedocument.ThesehavebeencorrectedtotheextentpossibleduringtheInceptionPhaseoftheProject.However,itisintendedtoreprintanimprovedsecondeditionattheendof2006incorporatingcommentsandmodifications,suggestionsreceived.本術(shù)語表的編寫目的是為項目人員提供水資源管理方面的常用術(shù)語、短語以及技術(shù)、機構(gòu)縮略語，以便促進項目中方人員與國際專家之間的相互理解和交流溝通。在因?qū)W科、機構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域的不同而常常導(dǎo)致術(shù)語的翻譯出現(xiàn)很大差別的情況下，本術(shù)語表將尤其有助于口、筆譯人員在翻譯工作中使用更加統(tǒng)一的中英術(shù)語。ThepurposeofthisdocumentistoprovideinEnglishandChinesecommonlyusedwaterresourcesmanagementtermsandphrasesandtechnicalandagencyabbreviationsforthebenefitoffacilitatingbetterunderstandingandcommunicationamongstandbetweenChinesecounterpartsandinternationalpersonnelworkingontheProject.Thisdocumentisintendedtobeparticularlyusefulinassistinginterpretersandtranslatorsincarryingouttheirimportantrolebyusingmoreuniformterminologyinbothlanguageswhereoftentermscanbeinterpretedortranslatedverydifferentlydependingupondiscipline,agency,orgeographicarea.本術(shù)語表不是開創(chuàng)性的，不是不可更改的，也不是一本水資源管理術(shù)語詞典。給予“定義”的目的是按照詞典編纂慣例為常用術(shù)語或短語提供一種“描述性”的解釋。本術(shù)語表并不是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)詞典的“規(guī)定性”解釋方式精確定義的。為此，對于一些術(shù)語和短語，對其在其他學(xué)科、機構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域可能常見的用法或者替換詞進行了解釋。同時，還應(yīng)當(dāng)指出的是不是所有的英文術(shù)語都按照字母順序排列，為了方便起見，有的術(shù)語排列在近似詞或者與主題相關(guān)的詞后面。Thisdocumentisneithertheseminalnordefinitiveglossarynordictionaryofwatermanagementtermsandphrases.Theobjectiveofthe“definition”istoprovidea“descriptive”explanationofthetermorphrasebasedonlexicographicalpracticeofcurrentusage.Itisnotaglossaryofprecisedefinitionsbasedontraditionaldictionarypracticeof“prescriptive”explanation.Forthisreason,withsometermsandphases,thereisanexplanationofitsapplicationoralternativewordsthatmaybecommonlyencounteredinotherdisciplines,agenciesorgeographicareas.Itshouldalsobenotedthatnotallentriesareinalphabeticalorderbutsometimesmoreconvenientlylocatednexttosimilarwordsorsubjectmatterissues.專業(yè)好文檔雖然本術(shù)語表的現(xiàn)有內(nèi)容在很多方面都需要“審視”，勿庸置疑，還可以將更多的詞語和短語添加到術(shù)語表中，并對所提供的定義進行修改。如果您對術(shù)語表有任何的意見和建議，包括添加和刪除術(shù)語、修改定義、解釋和譯文、調(diào)整格式和版面等等，請通過電子郵件發(fā)送給WRDMAP項目的管理助理王玥女士（）。Thereareundoubtedlymanymoretermsandphrasesthatcanbeaddedand/orvariationstothedefinitionsprovidedwhilsttheexistingcontentsneedsattentioninmanyareas.Itisrequestedthatanyreaderwhomayhavecommentsorcontributionstothecontentsadding,deletingorcorrectingdefinitionsandexplanations,translations,orformat,pleasesendyourcommentstotheWRDMAPProjectManagementAssistantWangY.AdvisoryTeamLeader,ATL,Beijing,January2006.咨詢專家組長（ATL）2006年1月于北京專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義abstractRemoveorwithdrawwaterfromanysource,eithertemporarilyorpermanentlyqushui取水臨時性或永久性地將水從任何水源移走。abstractionfeePaymenttoagovernmentagency,e.g.waterresourcedepartment,fortherighttoabstractwaterqushuifei取水費為取水的權(quán)利向政府部門（例如水利部門）交納的費用。dischargefeePaymenttoagovernmentagency,e.g.environmentdepartment,fortherighttodischargewastewaterpaiwufei排污費為排放污水的權(quán)利向政府部門（例如環(huán)境部門）交納的費用。feePaymenttogovernmentoragovernmentagencyfortherighttousewater,e.g.abstractwaterordischargewastewater,orforthecostsofissueandadministrationofpermitsorlicensesFei費為用水（例如取水或者排放污水）的權(quán)利或者用水許可證或執(zhí)照的發(fā)放和管理成本向政府或者政府部門交納的費用。chargePriceofwatersupplyorwastewaterdischargepayabletothegovernmentagencyorothercompanyprovidingtheserviceshoufei，shuifei水費,收費應(yīng)當(dāng)向政府機構(gòu)或者其它提供服務(wù)的公司支付的供水或者污水排放價格。abstractionlicenseTheauthorizationgrantedbyawateragencyorotherregulatoryauthorityqushuixuke取水許可由水利機構(gòu)或者其它管理部門所發(fā)放的允許從某個水源取水的授權(quán)證書。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義toallowtheabstractionofwaterfromawatersourceaccountabilityBeinganswerabletoapersonororganizationtoensurethattasksarecarriedoutinaccordancewithspecificinstructionsorlegislation.Thistermisgenerallyusedwhentheaccountablepersonororganizationmaydelegatetheactualexecutionofthetaskstoanotherpersonororganization.Comparewithresponsibility.wenze,wenzezhi問責(zé)，問責(zé)制對某個人或者組織負責(zé)，以保證按照具體的指令或者法規(guī)的要求開展工作。本術(shù)語通常用于應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的個人或者組織可以將工作的具體開展托付給另一個人或者組織的情況。比較責(zé)任。actionplanQualitativedescriptionofasetofactionstobetakeninordertoachieveoneormoreobjectives.Oftenpreparedasinspirationforformulationandplanningofmorespecificprogrammesorprojects.xingdongjihua行動計劃對旨在實現(xiàn)一個或者多個目標(biāo)的一系列行動所做的定性說明。常常是為制訂、籌劃比較具體的計劃或者項目提依據(jù)而準(zhǔn)備的。leakagedetectionMethodstoidentifywaterlossesfromdistributionnetworks,fittingsandhouseholdappliances,e.g.fieldinspections,analysisofnightflowsandwaterpressure,usingshenloujiance滲漏檢測檢查配水管網(wǎng)、設(shè)備和家庭器具水的流失的方法，例如進行現(xiàn)場檢查，分析夜間流量和水壓，利用地音探聽器或者聽音棒探聽。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義geophonesorlisteningsticksleakagecontrolSystematicprogramtominimizeleakagefromwaterdistributionnetworksbyuseofappropriatematerials,pressuretestsofnewpiping,leakagedetectioncampaigns,maintenanceandrepairshenloukongzhi滲漏控制最大限度地減少配水管網(wǎng)滲漏的系統(tǒng)性計劃，包括使用適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?對新管線進行壓力試驗,開展?jié)B漏檢測運動,進行維護和修理等。agencyAnydepartment,statutoryauthority,commissionorsimilarorganizationestablishedbylegislationand/orsubjecttogovernmentcontroljigou,jiguan,bumen機構(gòu)，機關(guān),部門依法成立并且（或者）受政府管轄的任何部門、法定機構(gòu)、委員會或者類似的組織。allocationProcedurestoshareavailablewaterresourcesamongcompetingusersanduses,includingtheresultingdistributionofwatershuifenpei水分配在競爭性用水戶與用途之間分配水資源的過程，包括向用戶配水。aquaticenvironmentThephysical,chemicalorecologicalenvironmentexistingwithinlakes,riversandotherwaterbodiesshuihuanjing水環(huán)境湖泊、河流及其它水體的物理、化學(xué)或者生態(tài)環(huán)境。aquiferAwater-bearingundergroundformationofpermeablerockorsedimentabletohold,transmitandreleasehanshuiceng,xushuiceng含水層，蓄水層由滲透性巖石或者泥沙組成的能夠儲存、傳輸和釋放較多水量的地層。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義significantquantitiesofwatergroundwaterminingWithdrawalofgroundwaterinamountsthatexceedstheaveragerateofrechargeoftheaquiferdixiashuikaicai地下水開采地下水開采量超過了含水層的平均補給速度。assimilativecapacityThecapacityofawaterbodytoreceivewastewaterortoxicmaterialswithoutdetrimentaleffectsandwithoutdamagetotheaquaticenvironmentorhumanswhoconsumethewaternawunengli納污能力水體接納廢水或有毒物質(zhì)而不會帶來有害影響以及給水環(huán)境或者使用該水體的人帶來損害的能力。audit(end-use)Proceduretocheckwhetherwaterisusedaccordingtoplansorpermitsandhavingtheintendedsocial,economicorenvironmentalimpactsshenji(zhongduanyongshui)審計（終端用水）檢查用水是否符合計劃或許可證的規(guī)定、是否產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的社會、經(jīng)濟或者環(huán)境影響的過程。audit(financial)Examinationoffinancialrecordsofanagencyorcompanytodetermineiftherecordsareaccurateandprovidearealisticaccountofthefinancialstatusoftheagencyorcompanyshenji(caiwu)審計（財務(wù)）檢查機構(gòu)或者公司的財務(wù)記錄，以確定記錄是否準(zhǔn)確，是否反映了該機構(gòu)或者公司的實際財務(wù)狀況。audit(water)Asystematicassessmentoftheamountandnatureofshenji(shui)審計（水）對不同終端用戶（居民、商業(yè)或者工業(yè)用戶）用水的數(shù)量和性質(zhì)專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義waterusebydifferentendusers(residential,commercial,orindustrial)inordertoidentifypotentialareasforreduction,conservationorefficiencyimprovementofthewateruse進行系統(tǒng)的評估，以確定在哪些方面還有潛力減少用水、節(jié)水或者提高用水效率。availableresourceThemaximumreliableamountofwaterthatcanbeabstractedfromawatersourcetakingaccountofvariousfactors(probabilityoftheminimumflowinariverorthesafeyieldofaborehole(?)etc)keliyongshuiziyuanliang可利用水資源量從某個水源可以開采的最大可靠水量，由河流最小流量概率或者井孔的可靠產(chǎn)水量決定。availablesupplyThemaximumreliableamountofwaterthatcanbesuppliedbyawatersupplierkegongshuiliang可供水量供水機構(gòu)可提供的最大可靠供水量。average-daydemandAveragedailywaterusefromadistributionsystemasmeasuredbytheannualwaterproductiondividedby365ripingjunxushuiliang日平均需水量以年水產(chǎn)總量除以365得出的配水系統(tǒng)平均日用水量。avoided-costThecoststhatawatersupplycompanyavoidsthroughreductionofwaterconsumptionandwaterlosses,includingbothoperatingandcapitalbimianfeiyong避免費用供水公司通過減少用水和水損避免的費用，包括運行費用和資本費用。專業(yè)好文檔English英文Definition定義pin-yin拼音Chinese中文Definition定義costsbackgroun