2015高考考點(diǎn) 大綱 復(fù)習(xí)資料 高三語文現(xiàn)代文閱讀技巧.doc.doc

2015年高考語文現(xiàn)代文閱讀理解題答題技巧一.常見題型的答題技巧考點(diǎn)分類具體題型答題技巧篩選信息1.考查文章的線索1.本文的線索是什么？關(guān)鍵看文章標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題往往就是線索；其次看文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞語，這個(gè)詞就是線索。2.概括文章類容2.請用簡潔的語言概括文章的內(nèi)容用“（何時(shí)，何地）誰+干什么+結(jié)果怎樣”的句式答題?；蛴谩笆裁?怎么樣”句式組織語言。3.考查文章的表達(dá)方式的辨析3.本文（文中某段）主要運(yùn)用了哪種表達(dá)方式？識別敘述，描寫，說明，議論，抒情等表達(dá)方式。一般題目設(shè)置在議論句和描寫句上，考試時(shí)從這兩方面去辨別即可。4.考查文章所描寫對象的特征4.簡要概括文中事物的特點(diǎn)（優(yōu)點(diǎn)，作用）答案往往不止一點(diǎn)，需要提取。注意連接詞，如“首先，其次，還，也，此外”等，這些句子往往就是事物的幾點(diǎn)特征，找到一點(diǎn)特征后還要看看下面幾段的相同位置，找到隱含的答題點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括并加工合并，避免遺漏。5.理解文章類題5.提取文中的某句話，然后問為什么，原因是什么。把題干帶入原文，答案一般就在原文語句的附件，可以用文中相關(guān)語句作答，也可以用提取出來的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行加工。審美鑒賞1.分析文章標(biāo)題的作用1.本文的標(biāo)題有何作用1.全文的線索，推動情節(jié)的發(fā)展；2.總結(jié)文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)名主旨（突出）主題；3.形式新穎，吸引讀者；4反映人物情感的變化。（注意，回答不能全部照搬，需要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容靈活套用）2.分析文章重點(diǎn)字詞的作用2.文中加點(diǎn)詞語有何作用（好處，妙處）？1.動詞生動表現(xiàn)人（事）物的特點(diǎn)，（或傳神刻畫了事物的形狀）。表現(xiàn)了人物的心情（性格）。2.形容詞，副詞：生動形象地描摹出某人（事物）的特點(diǎn)，情態(tài)（或描繪出一幅樣的場景），反映了人物的心情。3.賞析文章中的優(yōu)美語句和段落3.（1）文中劃線的句子運(yùn)用了什么修辭手法，有何作用？（對文中的劃線句進(jìn)行賞析；請說劃線句子的表達(dá)效果。（2）某段在文中起何作用。（1）分析詞語的表達(dá)效果（參見上面）；分析修辭+修辭作用每種修辭手法都見其固定的答題套路（2）文章開頭：引出下文；開頭點(diǎn)名故事所描寫（說明，議論）的對象；照應(yīng)文章標(biāo)題；設(shè)置懸念，吸引讀者；為后文的情節(jié)發(fā)展埋下伏筆（做鋪墊），推動情節(jié)的發(fā)展。文章的中間：承上啟下的過渡中用；為后文的情節(jié)發(fā)展埋下伏筆（做鋪墊），推動情節(jié)發(fā)展。文章結(jié)尾：總結(jié)全文；解釋全文主旨；照應(yīng)前文；照應(yīng)文章標(biāo)題；引人深思。注意：并不是每個(gè)答案全部寫上，而是根據(jù)具體情況套用適用的答案。4.分析文中的人物形象4.請分析文中*的形象。（文中的*具體有怎樣的性格特點(diǎn)）從文中檢索關(guān)于人物的語言，動作，心理等的描寫，提取出關(guān)鍵詞來分析人物性格，并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行加工合并。5.分析句子，段落，文章表達(dá)方式的作用5.（1）文中劃線句（某段）運(yùn)用了什么樣的描寫方法，有何作用？（2）文中劃線句（某段）運(yùn)用了什么樣的說明方法，有何作用？（3）文中劃線句（某段）運(yùn)用了什么樣的論證方法，有何作用？（1）首先分析屬于何種描寫手法，然后分析其作用：人物描寫：表現(xiàn)了人物*的特點(diǎn)，突出人物的*性格（心理，品質(zhì)）；環(huán)境描寫：烘托出了一種*的氣氛，表達(dá)了*人物怎樣的思想感情（心理）。（2）見固定的答題套路（3）見固定的答題套路6.分析文章的表現(xiàn)手法和寫作技巧。6.文章運(yùn)用了何種表現(xiàn)手法，有何作用。（分析本文的寫作技巧）表現(xiàn)手法：對比，象征，伏筆，照應(yīng)等。每種表現(xiàn)手法都有其固定的答題套路。深層含義1.分析文章標(biāo)題的深層含義1.分析本文標(biāo)題的含義首先找出標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞語，先回答它字面上的意思，即其本意。然后聯(lián)系文章的主旨，說出這個(gè)詞語的寓意，便可得出其深層含義。2.分析重點(diǎn)字詞的深層含義2.說說你對加點(diǎn)詞語含義的理解首先找到詞語在原文中的位置，然后弄清上下句具體的語境，弄清這個(gè)詞語所包含的寓意，即可得出答案。3.分析文章重點(diǎn)句子的深層含義3.說說你對文中畫線句含義的理解理解句子含義一般有兩種解答方法：（1）將句子所表達(dá)的意思和具體語境或文章的主旨聯(lián)系起來，然后用淺顯的語言表述（2）解釋這個(gè)句子為什么這么說，這么說的原因是什么4.聯(lián)系生活實(shí)踐，對文中的主旨，觀點(diǎn)，作者的情感發(fā)表見解，或提出看法，建議等延伸拓展題。4.聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際，談?wù)勀阕x完本文后的啟示。（談?wù)勀銓ξ恼碌睦斫猓┲灰项}干要求，聯(lián)系文章內(nèi)容主旨，有具體的事例說明，用淺顯的語言表述合理，語言流暢即可?！梆B(yǎng)套殺”吳莫愁式快速提分三部曲：養(yǎng)眼，高頻考點(diǎn)、答案詞，應(yīng)試技巧及其關(guān)聯(lián)暗示點(diǎn)的串聯(lián)與并聯(lián)密碼套用，建模套用做題，模擬題與真題整體答題三點(diǎn)式套用法則秒殺，5秒秒殺答案，無瑕疵迅捷提分（滿分）VIP體系2014吳軍高考英語“三天三夜”迅捷提分秘術(shù)完形填空DNA解密藝考生、體考生的救命稻草！突破130分，快速提高30分的錦囊妙計(jì)！速度與激情，2014年吳軍高分英語有重大突破!甄教案，真高分！完形思路“瘋狂”創(chuàng)新范本，“無人牽引解決方案”全面落實(shí)!2011年的高分密碼，2012年的高頻答案詞，2013年的秒殺秘術(shù)，完成了迅捷提分的通路，大家通過記住600-800個(gè)高頻單詞就完成了3天提分的夢想!但有些同學(xué)，雖然記住了單詞，到完形整篇文章做題時(shí)，不會運(yùn)用，甚至可能遇到2-3個(gè)高頻答案詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，而自己又不會翻譯，這時(shí)提分的幅度就會大打折扣！今天吳軍老師總結(jié)了139個(gè)暗示點(diǎn)（600-800個(gè)單詞的語境串聯(lián)與并聯(lián)），將20年內(nèi)高考真題或模擬題內(nèi)全部高頻詞匯進(jìn)行了匯總，通過語境串聯(lián)及并聯(lián)的方式，徹底解決了您“記不住單詞”，尤其是“不會運(yùn)用”的問題，讓各種答題技巧，高頻考點(diǎn)，單詞記憶法及生硬的高頻答案詞不再受寵!以后媽媽再也不用擔(dān)心你的學(xué)習(xí)了,soeasy!左手拿著“吳軍高分英語”打火機(jī)，右手拿著高考真題及模擬題，哪里不會點(diǎn)哪里,.!名師吳軍暗示點(diǎn)1相同的、類似的/不同的（答案解析詳見購買的自學(xué)教案，此處省略）samesimilardifferent/various/separate/alone/apart/notbut/change(able)difference/similarity（betweenand）/avarietyof/arangeof-2013江蘇卷Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus36chasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell37.Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone.Ihadmytruckand$56.36.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.naturally37.A.offB.apartC.overD.out2013浙江卷Ilovehowpeole37seemsodifferent,butendupbeingso38.ThemostvaluabelessonIgainfromstudyinginFrancewasntjusttorespecttheFrenchpeople39torespectallpeople,foryournextbestfriendcouldbejustacontinentaway.38.A.generousB.independentC.similarD.distant2012上海卷Thedegreeof_60betweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.60.A.similarityB.friendshipC.cooperationD.contact2013江蘇卷Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan45aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina46AmericanDreamnottheoneofindividualachievementbutof47.46.A.wildB.realC.differentD.remote【2013新課標(biāo)II卷】Itrunsinthe33.Michaelsfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.MichaelGreenbergfeelsthe34.Apairofglovesmaybea35thing,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.34.A.honorB.painC.sameD.cold2013四川卷Butsheisso23thatsheneverletsanyoneputherdown.“Youshouldnt24whatpeoplesayaboutwhatyoulooklikebecausewerenotdifferentfromanyoneelse,Holly,”she25me.“Andyoudontneedtowearascarfbecauseyoulookgreat26it!”ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIcouldspeaktosomeonewhodbeenthroughsomething27.Soweekslater,atmy13thbirthdayparty,28byherbravery,Igaveupmyscarfandshowedoffmyscars.Itfeltamazingnothavingto29awaybehindmyscarf.27.A.similarB.strangeC.hardD.important2005重慶卷Hiddenpassengerstravelinginships,trams,orevencarscanbeaterribletroubleespeciallywhentheyareinsects.Asforthis,thereisagreat_36_betweenhumanbeingsandinsects.36.A.connectionB.differenceC.communicationD.similarity2000北京春季卷Icanreadandwriteaswellasanyoneelsemyage,andIcanthinkbetter.Thatsprobablyarealbig_24_betweenthefreeschoolandregularschool?theamountof_25_.24.A.problemB.chanceC.differenceD.change名師吳軍暗示點(diǎn)2（答案解析詳見購買的自學(xué)教案，此處省略）結(jié)論性動詞:show/suggest/find/prove/decide/see結(jié)論性情態(tài)動詞:can/could結(jié)論性時(shí)態(tài)及從句連接詞：完成時(shí),過去時(shí),how，why及轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,though,however。結(jié)論性形容詞或副詞:(1).so/therefore/accordingly/asaresult/finally（eventually最后)/satisfied/proud看到can和wantto一般要填because,so或if。另sothat(can)搭配！Imwashingadogshurtleg.Iworkcarefully,becauseIwanttomakesureIdontdoanythingtohurthim.Iwishtheycouldunderstandthatwerejusttryingtohelpthem.Theyaskedifhewantedtogohome.ButBozosaidno.sothefishermenwishedBozowellandlefthimaloneagain-justashisfatherhadeighty-fouryearsbefore.Itcanalsoinfluencethewaywebehavewithourfamilies.sohowdowedealwithourproblems?Therearemanywaysandhereisoneofthem.(2).Sure(ly)/certain(ly)/ofcourse/indeed/actual(ly)=infact,really,truly(3).obvious=clear=apparent明顯的/obviously=clearly=apparently(4).surprised/amazed/surprising(ly)=amazing(ly),shocked,astonished震驚的Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishers，andobviously，fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.Imnotsurprisedthathebecameawriter.Evenasachildhehadaclearimagination.-2013重慶卷Sincethen,Joestarted45.Thoughhenevermadeittothetop,hismathteacherwasalways46andcuriousaboutthechange:WhyhadthatstormydaychangedJoe?46.A.worriedB.amazedC.friendlyD.cautious2013安徽卷Learninganewlanguageisnever_53_.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion,youllmakeprogress.Andyoullbe_54_bythepositivereactionofsomepeoplewhenyousayjustafewwordsin_55_ownlanguage.Goodluck!54.A.blamedB.amazedC.interruptedD.informed【2013廣東A卷】Numbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea1innumber.Humanbeingsarebornwiththisability.2，experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare,too.Forexample,manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnot3.However,ifyouremovetwo,thebird4leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe5betweentwoandthree.Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabirds6numbersense.Amanwastryingtotakeaphotoofacrow(烏鴉)thathadanestinatower,butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot7untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan8.Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed,buttheydidnot9thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft,too.Theexperimentwas10withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere11.Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere12abletofoolthecrow.2.A.ImportantlyB.SurprisinglyC.DisappointedlyD.Fortunately6.A.amazingB.annoyingC.satisfyingD.disturbing12.A.graduallyB.luckilyC.strangelyD.finally2013浙江卷IleftFrancewithmany34,sowhenpeopleaskmewhatmyfavoritepartofthetripwas,theyarealways35tohearmetalkaboutmyBrazilianfriendPaoloandthescoresofweekdaysinclass,weeknightsonthetown,andweekends36Franceweenjoyedtogether.35.A.surprisedB.disturbedC.embarrassedD.concerned2013山東卷EverytimeIcameintoherroom,shewasso48becauseshethoughtIwasherdaughter.Herrealdaughternever49her,soItookherplace.Sheletme50thatmakingothersfeelgoodmakemefeelgood,too,whenshedied,Iwas51,butIwasverygratefultoher.50.A.explainB.guessC.declareD.see2013湖南卷Iranto_43_behindabigtreeinouryardatonce.Afterawhile,Iwas_44_thegirlshadpassedby.Idashedtothefrontdoorandbangedonitloudly.44.A.sureB.proudC.eagerD.curious2012湖北卷Happyasachild,Igotonthebicycleandheadedoutontothestreets.Aftersometime,I37attheotherendofthetown.Iwas38thatthissimplevehiclecouldletme39longdistancesinafairlyshorttime.Buthow40didIreallygo?38.A.amazedB.amusedC.confusedD.concerned2012北京卷IbelieveIstayedinastateofpleasantdisbelief_43_Iwashalfwaythroughrehearsals(排練)onmyfirstday.Ineveractually_44_togetthejob.Afterbeingofferedtheposition,Iwascompletely_45_.Iremembershakingwithexcitement.45.A.motivatedB.relaxedC.convincedD.astonished2012廣東卷However,somepeoplearguethatrulesmaybe_14_,havingobservedthatruleschangeallthetime,andthatsomeschoolshavesomeregulationsandothershavedifferentonessowhoisto_15_whatisright?15.A.predictB.explainC.decideD.consider2011湖北卷Jasminanevergotthechancetodoit,”saysMaja,now32,“soI34thatsomedayIddoitforher.34.A.pretendedB.decidedC.perfectedD.agreed2001全國卷RussianscientistsaidthattheAbominableSnowmanwas_14_andwasaremaininglinkwiththeprehistorichumans.But,_15_,noevidencehasever_16_beenproduced.16.A.rightlyB.actuallyC.normallyD.particularly2003安徽春季卷Hewenttotheclerkto_14_histicket.Theclerklookedattheticketwith_15_.“Why,sir,butyourflightwasatnineoclockinthemorning,and_16_itiseightintheevening.”15.A.astonishmentB.patienceC.respectD.delight2003全國卷IplayedaracquetballgameagainstmycousinEdlastweek.Itwasoneofthemost_1_andtiringgamesIveeverhad.WhenEdfirstphonedand_2_weplay,Ilaughedquietly,figuringonan_3_victory.1.A.encouragingB.hopelessC.surprisingD.regular2004上海卷Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycrammingforanexamination,_62_itmayresultinapassinggrade,isnota_63_waytolearnaschoolcourse.63.A.convenientB.demandingC.satisfactoryD.swift2002全國卷Heburstoutlaughingandsaid,“Why,youfool,heusedhis_17_andaskedforthem.Ivebeen_18_thatonallmycustomerstoday,butIknew_19_Idcatchyou.”Whyisthat?”Iasked.19.A.forsureB.atonceC.infactD.rightnow1998全國卷Itseemedthattherewas_13_suitableworkforhim.Sohe_14_tojointhearmy.Mrs.Fantwasso_15_aboutthisthatshetoldthe_16_toallherneighbours.14.A.beganB.promisedC.managedD.decided1997全國卷Just_18_,Toddsawtheheadlightscomingathimandacarpulledinfor_19_.Thereitwas,awhiteFord.Hesawthe_20_,LJR1939.“WhatshouldIdo?”Toddhadtomakeaquick_21_.“Yes,sir?”Todd_22_whilemakinguphismindforsure.21.A.decisionB.callC.movementD.remark1994全國卷Nowhewas_8_hecoulddo_9_onlyabalancingpole.Philippewalkedhiswayacross,a_10_of131feet.8.A.sureB.uncertainC.gladD.nervous1992全國卷In1964,aRussianscientistsaidthattheAbominableSnowmanwas_14_andwasaremaininglinkwiththeprehistorichumans.But,_15_,noevidencehasever_16_beenproduced.16.A.rightlyB.actuallyC.normallyD.particularly名師吳軍瞻前顧后點(diǎn)破法一正向、負(fù)向和中性及方向邏輯！1.方向:fallinlovewith（下）；hithittheroof（上）；Thewindhadpickedup.（起=上）。Inordertomaketheworkeasier,Iclimbedoverthewindowandstood_47_thewindow.47.A.insideB.byC.outsideD.beside方向暗示關(guān)鍵詞over：結(jié)束；正上方；越過（eg：overcome克服=getover）；翻轉(zhuǎn)（eg：Joekicked踢thechairover。Joe把椅子踢翻）。我越過（over）窗戶，所以應(yīng)該是站在窗戶外面，故用outside。2.正負(fù):正:積極的，肯定的（excited,improve,progress等）；負(fù)：祁使句，否定句，否定詞，絕對詞（becareful!Hedidntgo.never,seldom,no,nothing,little,few；always,only,all,any,every,thewhole,must,completely等.）2013江西卷DianeRaywascompletelyself-centeredandveryspoilt.Herparentsgaveher36shewanted,knowingthatshewouldthrowatempertantrum(耍小孩脾氣)iftheydidnot.Shewouldscreamandkickand37onthefloordrummingherheels.Herparentsalways38.38.A.setoutB.setinC.gaveinD.gaveout38C。她一耍小孩脾氣，她的父母總是屈服、讓步（gavein）。setout開始，出發(fā)；setin以為背景；gaveout分發(fā)，用完。2011浙江卷Heledme35thecrowdedshopandtoabenchwithalargeprofessionalkaraokeboxonit.Heplacedhislargehand36onhistreasureandsaid.“Ihave800karaokesongsinhere.Youcantakeyour37andIllrecordthemforyou.Thatshouldgetyoustarted.”36.A.UnhappilyB.lovinglyC.pitifullyD.gratefully36.感情色彩法，此法多用于解決形容詞或副詞。下文出現(xiàn)treasure財(cái)寶，是正面詞匯，B和D是正面積極的，但店主對自己的寶物應(yīng)該是愛不釋手，心愛地觸摸，故選B.lovingly。2010全國卷Herepliedthatshe46knewwhohewas,thatshehadnotbeenableto47himforfiveyearsnow.Iwas48andaskedhim,”Andyou49goeverymorning,eventhoughshedoesntknowwhoyouare?”46.A.sofarB.neitherC.nolongerD.already46.結(jié)合后文，49空那句話給出了很好的對應(yīng)。neither表示否定2者。C.nolonger。2010江西卷Butthen,something_51_happened.Thecarbeganchanging.First,itscolor_52_fromblacktosilvery-grey.Then,thewheelsbegandisappearing,butthecarcontinuedtomoveforward,_53_justabovetheground.52.AdevelopedBappearedCspreadDfaded52.A發(fā)展,B出現(xiàn),C傳播,D褪色。從black變成了silvery-grey,就是由黑變灰,選D。3.邏輯（關(guān)系）上面我們提到了方向的正負(fù)及中性，每個(gè)詞匯也可分作+、-、0（中性，用0表示）。在完形填空里面，最終的內(nèi)容都是正面的，積極的（因?yàn)槲覀兪亲鎳幕ǘ?在中國的應(yīng)試教育里面是不允許有負(fù)向消極的詞匯，想必這個(gè)您懂）。關(guān)于邏輯，舉一個(gè)例子（.ofcourse.but.）。一個(gè)女孩要和她男朋友分手了，于是按照中國含蓄的習(xí)慣來說都是說.其實(shí)呢，你很好啦，對我也挺好的。（這是男孩倍夸得心花怒放，嘿嘿），這時(shí)女孩說了，但是你太丑了（這是男孩的心沉入了谷底，心情糟糕透了），女孩見狀，忙說，其實(shí)你還是可以找到更好的啦，沒事的啦。套用上面的詞組(+)ofcourse(-)but(+)。Youarefriendly,ofcourseyouareugly,butIbelieveyoucanfindabetterone.于是我們可以了解到正負(fù)向的用處，而在完形填空中，描述主人公的一切都應(yīng)該是正向的。區(qū)別了正負(fù)向，我們可