2012年職稱英語綜合類閱讀理解新增文章（含練習(xí)解析及譯文）可打印.doc.doc

2012年職稱英語綜合類新增文章閱讀理解1.第一篇：TellingTalesaboutPeople講述關(guān)于人們的故事2.第八篇：TheChangingMiddleClass變化中的中產(chǎn)階級3.第十篇：ALetterfromAlan艾倫的來信4.第十一篇：TheDevelopmentofBallet芭蕾舞的發(fā)展5.第十六篇：TheSahara撒哈拉沙漠6.*第十七篇：EiffelIsanEyeful（2011年教材中為C級文章）引人注目的埃菲爾鐵塔7.*第十八篇：GoalofAmericanEducation（2011年教材中為C級文章）美國教育的目標(biāo)8.*第十九篇：TheFamily家庭9.*第二十篇：TalesoftheTerriblePast講述可怕的過去10.*第二十一篇：SpacinginAnimals（2011年教材中為C級文章）動(dòng)物的空間距離11.*第二十二篇：SomeThingsWeKnowaboutLanguage（2011年教材中為C級文章）我們知道的關(guān)于語言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇：TheOnlyWayIsUp（2011年教材中為C級文章）只好向上13.*第二十四篇：CloneFarm（2011年教材中為C級文章）克隆農(nóng)場14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中為C級文章）收入15.*第二十六篇：SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo看許久以前的世界16.*第二十七篇：ImportanceofServices（2011年教材中為C級文章）服務(wù)業(yè)的重要性17.*第二十八篇：TheNationalParkService（2011年教材中為C級文章）國家公園的服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)18.*第二十九篇：FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends（2011年教材中為C級文章）發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變胖了？這得責(zé)怪朋友們19.*第三十篇：LuckyLordLucan-AliveorDead“幸運(yùn)的”魯肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇：OseolaMcCarty老婦人OseolaMcCarty21.+第三十四篇：ToHaveandHaveNot逃亡22.+第三十五篇：GoingHerOwnWay選擇她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：ATaleofScottishRuralLife（2011年教材中為B級文章）一個(gè)關(guān)于蘇格蘭鄉(xiāng)村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：PopMusicinAfrica非洲的流行音樂25.+第三十八篇：WhySoManyChildren為什么有這么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：EattoLive（2011年教材中為B級文章）為了活著吃飯27.+第四十篇：NarrowEscape（2011年教材中為B級文章）美國疾病預(yù)防新政策28.+第四十七篇：NarrowEscape九死一生第一篇TellingTalesaboutPeopleOneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,isstoriesaboutpeopleslives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiography,memoir,andbiography.Anautobiographyisthestoryofapersonslifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththepersonsearliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce，havewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographies，buttheyareveryclosetoit.Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.Recently，though，thetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeab1ewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelseslife.Inmanysenses，thesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson，notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.詞匯：backdrop/bk,dr?p/n.背景interchangeable/int?t?end?bl/adj.可轉(zhuǎn)換的注釋：1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.就像本杰明富蘭克林和海倫凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。2.Memoirs，strictlyspeaking，areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.嚴(yán)格意義上來講，回憶錄是既注重作者本身的生活經(jīng)歷，也注重其所處的時(shí)代所發(fā)生的事件的自傳性的描述。練習(xí)：1.Thispassageismostlyabout_.A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies，memoirs，andbiographiesB.famousautobiographiesC.whybiographycanbedifficulttowriteD.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs2.HelenKellerwrote_.A.amemoirB.anautobiographyC.aworkoffictionD.abiography3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey_.A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetailstomaketheirbookssellB.constantlycompetewithbiographywritersC.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlightD.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby_.A.definingitB.givinganexampleC.explainingwhyitishardtowriteD.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit5.Diversemeans_.A.abletoswimindeepwaterB.similaroralikeC.variedordifferentD.enjoyingpoetry答案與題解：1.A本題問的是：這篇文章主要是關(guān)于？文章第一句說到最普遍的非小說類文學(xué)作品類型之一就是一些來描述人們生活的故事，這些故事大致分為三類：自傳回憶錄和傳記。然后通篇對這三種類型進(jìn)行了介紹，因此A是正確答案。2.B本題問的是：海倫凱勒謝了什么？第二段第5句話寫到：就像本明杰富蘭克林和海倫凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。因此B是正確答案。3.C本題問的是：自傳作者通常不太客觀，因?yàn)樗麄?？第二段提到：他們給讀者提供了一個(gè)途徑來了解自己比較好的行事風(fēng)格，因此答案是C，他們想展示自己好的一面。4.A本題問的是：本文的作者通過何種方式介紹每種類型的非小說文學(xué)作品？答案是A，通過給每個(gè)類型進(jìn)行定義。5.C本題問的是：diverse的意思是？其漢語意思為“多種多樣的”，因此C正確。第八篇TheChangingMiddleClassTheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However，middleclassisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.1Itismoreofaperception，whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing，moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes，workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem，andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor，buttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility.Inotherwords，theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatonecandetermineonesowneconomicfate.Inaddition，middleclassmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.2Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.News&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatmiddleclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet3.Bothspousesnowworked，asdidsomeofthechildren；longcommutesbecameroutine；theneedforchildcareputstrainson4thefamily；andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.MembersofthemiddlecIasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.詞匯：designation/dezignei?n/n.稱號(hào)commute/k?mju:t/n.上下班路程mobility/m?ubil?ti/n.流動(dòng)性注釋：1.However，middlec1assisnotarealdesignation，nordoesitcarryprivileges.然而，中產(chǎn)階級既不是一個(gè)真實(shí)的稱號(hào)，也不會(huì)帶來特別待遇。2.Inaddition，middle-c1assmoralityembracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility，importanceoffamily，obligationstoothers，andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneslf.另外，中產(chǎn)階級的道德觀包括個(gè)人的責(zé)任感、家庭的重要性、對他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。3.makeendsmeet：收支相抵，維持生活4.putstrainson：帶來壓力練習(xí)：1.Theinformationinthispassagedealswith_.A)anindividualB)asocialandeconomicgroupC)apoliticalorganizationD)government2.Acommonmiddleclassvalueisthat_.A)peopleshouldalwayshavefunB)childrenshouldbeseenandnotheardC)debtisnothingtoworryaboutD)thefamilyisveryimportant3.lntheyearsafterWorldWarII，themiddleclasscouldbedefinedas_.A)overburdenedandindebtB)hardworkingandsuspiciousC)prosperousandoptimisticD)youngandfoolish4.Thephrase“Inotherwordsinthefirstparagraphmeansthatthefollowingstatementis_.A)anexceptiontothepreviousideaB)adenialofthepreviousideaC)arestatementofthepreviousideaD)acontrastingidea5.Thewordcollectivelymeans_.A)asagroupB)hesitatinglyC)unknowinglyD)weakly答案與題解：1.B本題的問題是：本文的信息是關(guān)于？本文通篇講述美國的中產(chǎn)階級，指的是社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)群體，因此選擇B。2.D本題的問題是：一個(gè)普遍的中產(chǎn)階級價(jià)值觀是？本篇第二段最后一句話講到，“中產(chǎn)階級的道德觀包括個(gè)人的責(zé)任感、家庭的重要性、對他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不包括在內(nèi)，因此正確答案是D。3.C本題的問題是：在二戰(zhàn)之后的幾年，中產(chǎn)階級可以被定義為，本篇第一段提到了當(dāng)時(shí)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷增長并且人們生活水平有了提高，因此選擇C選項(xiàng)，繁榮并且樂觀。4.C本題的問題是：第一段中的lnotherwords這個(gè)短語與下列說法一致的是，Inotherwords漢語意思是換句話來說，因此正確答案是C。5.A本題的問題是：單詞collectively的漢語意思是“相同地”，選擇A。I第十篇ALetterfromAlanIhavelearntofaplantobuildthreehundredhousesonthelandcalledParsonsPlacebythefootballground.Fewpeopleknowaboutthisnewplantoincreasethesizeofourtown.Forme，ParsonsPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelax-thesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.Itsveryquietbecausetherearefewhousesorroadsnearby.Ithinkthatlosingthisareawillbeterriblebecausewehavenoothersimilarfacilitiesintheneighbourhood.Iamalsoagainstthisplanbecauseitwillcausetrafficproblems.Howwillthepeoplefromthenewhousestraveltowork?Themotorwayandtherailwaystationareontheothersideoftown.Therefore，thesepeoplewillhavetodrivethroughthetowncentreeverytimetheygoanywhere.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.Shopsandhotelswilllosebusiness.Ifthetownreallyneedsmorehomes，theemptygroundbesidetherailwaystationisamoresuitableplace.Nodoubtthebuilderswillmakealotofmoneybysellingthesehouses.But，inmyopinion，theaveragepersonwillquicklybemadepoorerbythisplan.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.IamgoingtothelocalgovernmentofficesonMondaymorningtoprotestaboutthisplanandIhopethatyourreaderswilljoinmethere.Wemustmakethemstopthisplanbeforeitistoolate.詞匯:facility/f?sil?ti/n.場所，設(shè)施protest/pr?utest/v.抗議motorway/m?ut?wei/n.高速公路注釋:1.Forme，ParsonsPlaceisspecialbecauseitisabeautifulnaturalareawherelocalpeoplecanrelaxthesmallwoodhasmanyunusualtreesandthestreamispopularwithfishermenandbird-watchers.對我來說，帕森場是非常特別的，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)美麗的天然場地并且當(dāng)?shù)厝丝梢栽诖朔潘尚菹?。這片小樹林里有許多獨(dú)特的樹木并且這里的小溪受到了漁夫和野鳥觀察者的歡迎。2.Theroadswillalwaysbefulloftraffic，therewillbenowheretoparkandthetouristswhocometoseeourlovelyoldbuildingswillleave.公路上將總是有很多車輛，卻沒有地方停車，并且來參觀我們這兒可愛的老式建筑物的觀光者將會(huì)離開這里。3.Aswellasthis，wewillloseaveryspecialplaceandourtownwillbemuchlesspleasant.不但如此，我們將失去一個(gè)非常特別的地方并且我們的城鎮(zhèn)將會(huì)失去很多快樂。練習(xí):1.WhyhasAlanwrittenthisletter?A)Topersuadethegovernmenttobuildnewhouses.B)Toprotestaboutanewmotorwaynearthetown.C)ToencouragemorepeopleinthetowntouseParsonsPlace.D)Toinformotherpeopleaboutthebuildersplans.2.WhyisParsonsPlaceparticularlyimportant，inAlansopinion?A)Becauseitisnearthefootballground.B)Becauselotsofpeoplelivenearit.C)Becauseitisaplacenearthetownwherepeoplecanenjoynature.D)Becauselocalpeoplecangetthereeasilybycarfromthetown.3.Whatwillcausetrafficjams?A)AbuildingonParsonsPlace.B)Buildingneartherailwaystation.C)Touristsinthenarrowstreets.D)Peoplegoingtotheshopsandhotels.4.Alansaysthatordinarypeoplewholiveinthetownwillprobablysoon_.A)opennewshopsandhotelsB)choosetolivenearthestationC)beabletobuynewhomesD)havelessmoney5.WhichofthesepostershasAlanmade?A)SAVEOURSPORTSGROUNDB)SAYNOTOHOUSESONPARSONSPLACEC)WENEEDHOMESNOTHOTELSD)USETHETRAINNOTTHEROAD答案與題解:1.D本題問的是:為什么Alan寫這封信?A、B、C選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到，D選項(xiàng)的意思是讓其他人了解建筑商的計(jì)劃，因此D是正確答案。2.C本題問的是:在Alan看來，為什么帕森場非常重要?第一段中提到“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)美麗的天然場地并且當(dāng)?shù)厝丝梢栽诖朔潘尚菹ⅰ?。因此C是正確答案。3.A本題問的是:什么將會(huì)引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的計(jì)劃，那么“公路上將總是有很多車輛，卻沒有地方來停車”。因此選擇A。4.D本題問的是:Alan說住在城鎮(zhèn)的人們將來可能會(huì)，本文第三段提到“每個(gè)人將會(huì)因這個(gè)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施而快速地變窮。因此選擇D。5.B本題問的是:以下哪個(gè)是Alan制作的海報(bào)?Alan在本文中一直在說抵制建筑商在帕森場上建造房屋的計(jì)劃，因此選擇B，對帕森場上的房屋說不。第十一篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones，courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement，theywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany，theBalletsRusses，broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants，GeorgeBalanchine，wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.詞匯:adjust/?d?st/v.調(diào)整eliminate/ilimineit/v.淘汰pageant/pd?nt/n.盛會(huì)influential/influen?l/adj.有影響力的注釋:1.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry，anddance.在那時(shí)，芭蕾舞在國王、王后以及貴族之間變得普遍，并且與音樂、詩歌以及舞蹈一起參與到盛會(huì)的表演。2.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts，changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.直到17世紀(jì)女舞者縮短了她們的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通過男舞者的幫助開始做一些跳躍和轉(zhuǎn)圈動(dòng)作。3.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.由此正式確定了腳的5個(gè)基本位置，這5個(gè)外開的位置成為發(fā)展芭蕾舞技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。練習(xí):1.Thispassagedealsmainlywith_.A)famousnamesinballetB)FrenchversusRussianballetC)thewayballetdevelopedD)whyballetisnolongerpopular2.Animportantinfluenceinearlyballetwas_.A)BalanchineB)MarieAntoinetteC)DiaghilevD)LouisXIV3.Youcanconcludefromthispassagethatballet_.A)isadyingartB)willcontinuetochangeasnewpeopleandideasinfluenceitC)isonlycurrentlyperformedinRussiaandtheUnitedStatesD)isoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining4.Theinformationinthispassageispresented_.A)throughthestoryofonedancerB)bydescribingvariouspositionsandstepsC)bylistingreasonswhyballethassucceededD)inchronologicalorder5.Thewordpageantsmeans_.A)dancesB)instructorsC)kingsD)elaborateshows答案與題解:1.C本題問的是:這篇文章主要講述的是，A、B、D選項(xiàng)都是文章的一部分，而本文主要講的就是芭蕾舞的發(fā)展，因此C是正確答案。2.D本題問的是:對于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影響是，本文第三段提到“在17世紀(jì)，專業(yè)的芭蕾舞蹈團(tuán)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生”“法國國王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈學(xué)院”，因此D是正確答案。3.B本題問的是:從這篇文章你可以總結(jié)出芭蕾，A、C、D選項(xiàng)在文中沒有提到，結(jié)合本文最后一段可以看出B選項(xiàng)是正確的，芭蕾將隨著新的人物和新的想法而改變。4.D本題問的是:本文的信息是通過何種方式介紹的。本文從芭蕾舞的起源開始一直介紹到芭蕾舞的現(xiàn)況，因此選擇D，按照時(shí)間前后的順序。5.D本題問的是:單詞pageant的漢語意思是什么，正確答案是D，盛大的表演。第十六篇TheSaharaThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfordesertorsteppe.At3.5millionsquaremiles，anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates，theSaharaDesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.ltspansthecontinentfromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas130F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas2.5percent，thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfiveinchesofrainperyear，whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallforyears.AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.Herethesanddunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.HeresandplainsstretchoveranarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.