外文翻譯--汽車懸架系統(tǒng)

附 錄 A The automotive vehicle suspension system frame (or Unibody) and axle (or wheel) power transmission connection between all devices in general. Its function is to act on the road wheels on the vertical force (support force), the vertical reaction force (traction and braking) and lateral reaction force and the torque reaction force caused by the transfer to the frame (or Unibody) on, in order to ensure the normal running car. Therefore, the suspension system performance and quality performance for the vehicle plays an important role. This paper suspension systems for passenger cars and trucks in the widely used leaf spring design calculation method for the in-depth analysis and research. The article on the current variety of automotive leaf spring design calculation method of intensive analysis and research, summed up the characteristics of various calculation methods, limitations and application. Automotive leaf spring from the elastic component in addition to the role, but also and play the guiding role, and multi-chip friction between the spring damping system also played. As the leaf spring structure is simple, use and maintenance, and easy maintenance, long leaf springs are widely used in the car. Usually the new car design, according to the layout of a given space vehicle, axle load full load minus the estimated quality of non-sprung mass, obtained in each pair of spring bearing on the quality. Generally before the rear axle, wheels, brake drums and steering knuckle, transmission shaft, steering assembly, such as non-vertical rod sprung mass. If the layout of the axle above the leaf spring, spring 3 / 4 the quality of the non-sprung mass, the next set spring, 1 / 4 non-sprung mass spring mass models based on different requirements, general arrangement is given by the straight length of spring control size. In the arrangement possible, try to increase the length of the spring, mainly to consider the following reasons. As the spring stiffness and is inversely proportional to the cube of the length of the spring, so from the perspective of improving vehicle ride comfort, hope springs length longer good. In the spring stiffness of the same case, the long wheel up and down in the spring, the spring from the two ears changes the volume is relatively small, the front suspension, the caster angle change is small, in favor of auto driving stability. Increase the length of the spring can reduce stress and stress amplitude spring working to improve spring life. Can be used to increase the length of the spring reed thick spring, thereby reducing the number of springs and spring reed thick volume ear piece to improve the strength of the main vehicle sprung mass vibration system with quality components to evaluate the natural frequency of vehicle ride comfort important parameters. Suspension design based on vehicle ride comfort requirements, should be given an empty car, fully loaded, front and rear suspension frequency range. If you know the frequency, you can find the suspension static deflection. Select the suspension static deflection, the hope after the suspension static deflection is less than the front suspension static deflection, and the best value close to two vehicles in order to prevent uneven roads often hit the buffer block, suspension design must be given adequate deflection value. Suspension dynamic deflection and car usage and the value of the static deflection due to ride height, suspension travel and dynamic properties of steel spring guide are all fully loaded car with a high arc, and therefore the arc spring loaded high-value should be based on vehicle and suspension performance requirements are given the appropriate value. Some vehicles get good handling and stability, full arc high negative value. 附 錄 B 汽車懸架系統(tǒng)是汽車車架 (或承載 式車身 )與車橋 (或車輪 )之間的一切傳力連接裝置的總稱。它的功能是將路面作用于車輪上的垂直反力 (支撐力 )、縱向反力 (牽引力和制動(dòng)力 )和側(cè)向反力以及這些反力造成的力矩傳遞到車架 (或承載式車身 )上 ,以保證汽車的正常行駛。因此 ,懸架系統(tǒng)的性能和質(zhì)量對(duì)于整車性能有著舉足輕重的作用。本論文對(duì)于客車和貨車懸架系統(tǒng)中廣泛應(yīng)用的鋼板彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了深入的分析與研究。 文中對(duì)汽車鋼板彈簧現(xiàn)行的各種設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的分析與研究 ,總結(jié)歸納了各種計(jì)算方法的特點(diǎn)、局限性及適用范圍。汽車鋼板彈簧除了起彈性元件作用之外 ，還兼起導(dǎo)向作用，而多片彈簧片間磨擦還起系統(tǒng)阻尼作用。由于鋼板彈簧結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使用維修、保養(yǎng)方便，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)鋼板彈簧在汽車上得到廣泛應(yīng)用。通常新車設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，根據(jù)整車布置給定的空、滿載軸載質(zhì)量減去估算的非簧載質(zhì)量，得到在每副彈簧上的承載質(zhì)量。一般將前、后軸，車輪，制動(dòng)鼓及轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)、傳動(dòng)軸、轉(zhuǎn)向縱拉桿等總成視為非簧載質(zhì)量。如果鋼板彈簧布置在車橋上方，彈簧 3/4 的質(zhì)量為非簧載質(zhì)量，下置彈簧， 1/4 彈簧質(zhì)量為非簧載質(zhì)量根據(jù)不同車型要求，由總布置給出彈簧伸直長(zhǎng)度的控制尺寸。 在布置可能的情況下，盡量增加彈簧長(zhǎng)度，這主要是考慮 以下幾個(gè)方面原因。由于彈簧剛度與彈簧長(zhǎng)度的三次方成反比，因此從改善汽車平順性角度看，希望彈簧長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)些好。在彈簧剛度相同情況下，長(zhǎng)的彈簧在車輪上下跳動(dòng)時(shí)，彈簧兩卷耳孔距離變化相對(duì)較小，對(duì)前懸架來(lái)說(shuō)，主銷后傾角變化小，有利于汽車行駛穩(wěn)定性。增加彈簧長(zhǎng)度可以降低彈簧工作應(yīng)力和應(yīng)力幅，從而提高彈簧使用壽命。增加彈簧長(zhǎng)度可以選用簧片厚的彈簧，從而減少?gòu)椈善瑪?shù)，并且簧片厚的彈簧對(duì)提高主片卷耳強(qiáng)度有汽車簧載質(zhì)量與其質(zhì)量組成的振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)固有頻率是評(píng)價(jià)汽車行駛平順性的重要參數(shù)。懸