高考英語易錯(cuò)題解題方法大全（7）書面表達(dá).doc

09考英語易錯(cuò)題解題方法大全（7）：書面表達(dá)一高考英語書面表達(dá)題的特點(diǎn)從近些年的高考英語書面表達(dá)題來看，命題形式趨向多樣化，命題角度趨向開放性。書面表達(dá)題旨在測試考生的英語表達(dá)能力，看其是否能夠運(yùn)用學(xué)過的英語知識(shí)和掌握的技能進(jìn)行思想交流。 從歷年高考試卷來看，書面表達(dá)不同于命題作文，可以隨意發(fā)揮；也不是簡單的句子翻譯。必須做到行文切題，緊扣中心思想，不漏要點(diǎn)，并且意思連貫，文理通順，語言準(zhǔn)確、得當(dāng)。二寫作的基本要求(1）中心突出，主題明確（2）層次清楚，條理清晰（3）表達(dá)力強(qiáng)，傳情達(dá)意（4）語句通順，句型多變（5）過渡自然，銜接緊湊（6）標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，大/小寫無誤（7）字跡清楚，卷面整潔三方法指導(dǎo) 根據(jù)我國英語教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀大綱規(guī)定詞匯的有限、地區(qū)差異性大，決定了在寫作方面沒有確定很高的的要求，書面表達(dá)實(shí)質(zhì)上仍是“指導(dǎo)性寫作”。因此一篇比較好的書面表達(dá)在體裁、人稱運(yùn)用正確的基礎(chǔ)上必須做到以下四點(diǎn)： 寫明全部或絕大部分要點(diǎn) 語言基本無誤 行文連貫，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求，書寫規(guī)范、工整四寫作六步走1、仔細(xì)審題、明確要求審題目要求考試時(shí)間有限，如果匆忙下筆，寫糟了以后再重寫，不僅卷面不整潔，而且時(shí)間也不允許。因此，一定要對(duì)基本時(shí)態(tài)和特定要求要審清楚。審文體要求根據(jù)高中英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，中學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握的文體形式有記敘文、說明文、議論文和各種應(yīng)用文（主要包括書信、日記、通知、便條等）。2、抓內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)一般說，每篇文章有5個(gè)左右的基本要點(diǎn)，要注意抓全，避免遺漏，同時(shí)也要注意要點(diǎn)的組織和條理化3、將要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展成句完成該步驟時(shí)，一要搞清謂語所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，選擇好主語；二要搞清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，使用合適的時(shí)態(tài)；三要根據(jù)上下文和自己對(duì)題目要求和提示信息的進(jìn)一步理解增加相關(guān)句子成分，調(diào)整某些說法。另外，要做到“用詞有疑，另找替代”、“一法不成，另尋他途”，選擇使用自己最熟悉的詞語和句型以及自己最有把握的表達(dá)方式，以達(dá)揚(yáng)長避短的目的。對(duì)于英語基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)，要嘗試變換句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句、省略句、各種從句和固定句型等，長句和短句交錯(cuò)使用。4、連句成文，過渡自然 完成該步驟時(shí)，一要注意前后句之間的過渡要自然。為了使文章在整體上結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，渾然一體，應(yīng)該在句子與句子之間，甚至段落與段落之間，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┍硎静⒘?、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的連詞或其他過渡性語句；二要根據(jù)行文和題目需要再加上一些合適的內(nèi)容；三要根據(jù)行文，在需要時(shí)對(duì)短文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)分段。5、查錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，通讀全文，看看要點(diǎn)是否齊全，提示的英文詞語是否用到，行文是否流暢，句型、時(shí)態(tài)、拼寫、詞的搭配是否正確，大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)是否規(guī)范，字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合要求等等。切忌草率定篇，敷衍了事。6、謄寫注意保持卷面整潔，書寫工整清楚，書寫的好壞會(huì)直接影響閱卷老師的情緒。卷面不工整扣6分。五寫作中常用的詞語并列and; as well as ; also;選擇or; eitheror; or else; otherwise原因because ; owing to; due to ;on account of ; thanks to結(jié)果so ; therefore ; thus ; as a result時(shí)間when ;soon after ; before; later ; first ; and then ; next ; finally; afterwards.比較on the contrary ; on the other hand ; like轉(zhuǎn)折but ; yet; however ; although; in spite of ; instead ; 遞進(jìn)besides ; moreover ; even ; in addition舉例for example/instance; such as ; that is ; 總結(jié)after all ; in short ; in general ; generally speaking， in all, in a word邏輯角度合適的過渡性詞匯時(shí)間順序first, second, then, finally/at last , soon immediately, suddenly空間順序here, there, on one sideon the other side,in front of, at the back of, next to 對(duì)稱順序for one thing, for the other thing, on one hand,on the other hand轉(zhuǎn)折順序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果順序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)條件順序as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless讓步順序though, as, even if/though, whether, who (what, when, where)ever遞進(jìn)順序whats more, besides, to make the matter worse, whats worse過渡性插入語I think, Im afraid, you know, As we all know文章及段落起始的過渡詞：To begin withTo begin with, Id like to express my thanks to you.Generally speakingGenerally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English.First of all First of all, doing exercise every day is important in keeping fit.文章及段落結(jié)尾的過渡詞語：Therefore, thusTherefore (thus),it takes longer time to communicate in written English than in oral English.In conclusionIn conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from the warIn briefIn brief, birth control is very important in China.In a wordIn a word, country life is more beautiful than city life.六巧妙轉(zhuǎn)換句型，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)寫作 在高考英語寫作題中，由于時(shí)間的限制，許多考生寫出的句子顯得過于單調(diào)、呆板。其實(shí)，要想在有限的時(shí)間里寫出豐富、生動(dòng)的句子并不難。只要對(duì)所學(xué)的英語句式加以轉(zhuǎn)換，就一定能使寫出來的句子更加準(zhǔn)確、得體、簡潔、靈活。 1、詞與詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1). 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞This painting is very valuable.This painting is of great value.2). 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Our hometown has changed a lot these years.Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years.2、詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move onTired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.3、非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1). 動(dòng)名詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換When he arrives, please give me an e-mail. On hearing his arrival, please give me an e-mail.2). 分詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換A. 現(xiàn)在分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.B. 過去分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten.Once seen, it will never be forgotten3). 不定式與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.To make himself heard clearly, he spoke louder.4、獨(dú)立主格與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.（邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞）If everything is considered, his plan seems to be more workable.Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable. （邏輯主語+過去分詞）When this was done, we went home.This done, we went home.Given good luck, I will earn more money than all of you.Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.Because there was nothing to do, we played games.There being nothing to do, we played games.(being 不可省略)5、句與句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1). 簡單句與復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.2). 一般句式與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的轉(zhuǎn)換I graduated from the university last summer.It was last summer that I graduated from the university.3). 條件句與祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換If you go through the gate, you will find the entrance to Bear Country. Go through the gate, and you will find the entrance to Bear Country.4). 賓語從句與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換I wont believe what he says. No matter what he says, I wont believe him.6、“二態(tài)”之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1). 時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換The bell is ringing now.There goes the bell.2). 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)People suggested that the meeting be put off.It is suggested that the meeting be put off.7、其他形式的轉(zhuǎn)換1). 正常語序與倒裝語序的轉(zhuǎn)換Though Im weak I will make the effort.Weak as I am, I will make the effort.They will never give up the struggle for successNever will they give up the struggle for success.2). 陳述語氣與虛擬語氣的轉(zhuǎn)換The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain. But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.六沖刺訓(xùn)練 【示例1】觀點(diǎn)型作文 近期某網(wǎng)站就央視臺(tái)標(biāo)是否應(yīng)由英文縮寫CCTV改成漢字標(biāo)識(shí)問題對(duì)網(wǎng)民進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果贊成修改的占70%，反對(duì)的占30%。請(qǐng)用英文寫一篇短文：介紹該結(jié)果，解析贊成好反對(duì)的理由，并談?wù)勛约旱挠^點(diǎn)，以便在某英文網(wǎng)站“current Issues”專欄上。 注意：1. 詞數(shù)：120150. 2. 第一段已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)One possible version: Recently a website has made a survey among netizens on whether CCTV should change its logo. The results are as follows. Seventy percent of those interviewed say the logo should be changed. They argued that while China is becoming more and more powerful economically, it lacks the so-called “soft power”: the ability to influence the world by its culture. As Chinas No.1 TV station, China Central TV Station has the responsibility to take the lead in developing Chinas soft power. Changing the logo into a Chinese one would to some extent help raise international viewers awareness of the Chinese culture. In contrast, only 30% of the interviewees are against a change, maintaining the logo has been used for decades and is already a familiar symbol for the stations identity. A change would no doubt cause confusion, at least temporarily.Personally, I would take the side of the minority. A logo is just a logo. There is much more to do to develop Chinas soft power. So why bother?【寫作指導(dǎo)】：正反觀點(diǎn)型作文是高考訓(xùn)練的常見題型，平時(shí)多積累一些相關(guān)詞匯、短語和句型對(duì)于備考很有幫助。例如：支持 贊成 be in favor of/ be for/ approve of反對(duì) be against/ disagree/disapprove of優(yōu)點(diǎn) advantages缺點(diǎn) disadvantages/ shortcomings/drawbacks .常見句型：Different people have different ideas/opinions/views onThere are different ideas about ,Some people hold the idea/opinion that ,Each coin has two sides.On (the) one hand; on the other handIn my opinion,As far as Im concerned,From my point of view,【練習(xí)1】看電影可去電影院，也可在家看影碟，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表內(nèi)容和標(biāo)題寫一篇英語短文，對(duì)二者進(jìn)行比較： 去電影院在家看影碟1.人多擁擠2.有人談?wù)撾娪安话察o；3.忍耐吃爆米花的氣味和噪雜的聲音等；4.門票較貴。1.安靜自在；2.飲食隨意，不會(huì)擾人，也無人打擾；3.不擔(dān)心時(shí)間，不會(huì)遲到；租影碟費(fèi)用較低。注意：1.100詞左右2.標(biāo)題已經(jīng)給出3.可以適當(dāng)增加內(nèi)容，以是文章通暢。參考范文：Watching a movie? Home better than cinema? There are two ways to see films. One is to go to a cinema, and the other is to see DVDs at home. They each have their advantages and disadvantages.Seeing films in the cinema costs much. Besides, the cinema is usually crowded and noisy. Some audience like talking loudly with one another while seeing the film, and the noise of eating popcorn and the smell in the cinema is especially hard to bear.However, when you see films at home, it is quiet, easy and convenient. You may eat anything without disturbing others or being disturbed. In addition, the rent of DVDs is cheaper than the ticket.Comparing the two choices, I think the latter is better than the former.【示例2】社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)型“三鹿奶粉事件”吵得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。經(jīng)相關(guān)部門調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉里有一種對(duì)嬰兒有害的物質(zhì)三聚氫胺。到目前為止，奶粉污染事件已導(dǎo)致4名嬰兒死亡，約5，4000名嬰兒染病。假如你是一名記者，請(qǐng)你對(duì)這一事件做一下簡要介紹并發(fā)表自己今后對(duì)如何確保食品安全的看法。字?jǐn)?shù)120左右。 One possible version： Recently，the incident of Sanlu milk powder has become the focus of peoples attention. According to the investigation of related departments，the powder was found to contain a chemical called C3N6H6 which can cause great damage to infants health. So far，four children have died and approximately 54，000 have developed illness after drinking the milk.From this incident，we can see that there are still more things to be done. Firstly，the government needs everything possible to ensure the quality of products，particularly the safety of food as this concerns everyones life. Secondly，as for the producers，it is very important for them to be morally honest. They should never try to pursue profit or economic growth at the expense of health and life of people. Thirdly，we consumers must attach importance to the things we eat and develop an awareness of how to protect our legal rights if cheated. Only in this way will we be able to build a more secure and harmonious society.【寫作指導(dǎo)】對(duì)于社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)型作文，平時(shí)要求考生多關(guān)注時(shí)事，了解社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題，積累與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活聯(lián)系密切的詞匯。另外，考生還應(yīng)該有一定的邏輯思維能力和判斷能力，能夠透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，善于發(fā)掘現(xiàn)象背后的本質(zhì)問題，能夠上升到一定的理論高度。寫作當(dāng)中，首先應(yīng)該簡單描述現(xiàn)象，然后解析形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因，最后從自己的角度出發(fā)發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)或提出解決這種現(xiàn)象的對(duì)策。【練習(xí)2】當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)一種現(xiàn)象, 有些大學(xué)一年級(jí)學(xué)生申請(qǐng)休學(xué)一年到公司打工, 目的是了解社會(huì)所需, 使以后的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)明確；再者因有工作經(jīng)歷, 有利于將來找到理想的工作。作為一名高中生, 你對(duì)此有何感想？請(qǐng)用120150詞敘述一下這種現(xiàn)象, 并談?wù)勀愕目捶?。注意：休學(xué)suspend ones schooling , 大學(xué)一年級(jí)學(xué)生freshman One possible version；Nowadays some freshmen are applying to suspend their schooling for one year. They want to make the best use of the time to find jobs in the companies. Through practice they will get to know the society better, which will certainly helps them study with a clear aim and improve their abilities in the university? On the other hand, it is easier for them to find jobs after graduation because of their experience.In my opinion, what they do really helps them make up for the failing that they lack social experience and they dont know what society requires. It is in this way that they are quite sure what they will do in university to meet the societys need.As a senior student, I think we should take part in some practical activities besides learning in school in order to know the society better and inspire our studies.【示例3】圖畫圖表型簡要描述圖片內(nèi)容, 結(jié)合生活實(shí)際, 就圖片的主題（A girl is learning how to ride a bike.）談?wù)勛约旱母邢?。詞數(shù)：120150。 One possible version:There are four people in the picture. A girl is learning how to ride a bike. Her parents and her grandmother, being afraid that she might fall off the bike, are trying hard to support her. The mother is even carrying a first aid box. But with them around her, the girl finds it very difficult to learn. So she tells them to let her ride it by herself.In our real life, we can see something like that happening everywhere. Parents love their children too much. They take care of everythin