外文翻譯--摩擦片式離合器簡(jiǎn)介

摩擦片式離合器簡(jiǎn)介離合器是汽車(chē)的重要組成部分，是汽車(chē)傳動(dòng)部分核心部件它的性能指標(biāo)的好壞直接關(guān)系到汽車(chē)整體的質(zhì)量，因而對(duì)其性能的測(cè)定有著十分重要的意義。本文介紹了摩擦盤(pán)式離合器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，概述了摩擦盤(pán)離合器實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的作用、基本組成和工作原理；進(jìn)行了摩擦盤(pán)離合器實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的方案和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括離合器組件的選擇、實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架設(shè)計(jì)、零部件的布置、動(dòng)力選擇、傳感器的選擇和有關(guān)參數(shù)測(cè)量與計(jì)算。一、汽車(chē)離合器的作用離合器位于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱之間的飛輪殼內(nèi)，用螺釘將離合器總成固定在飛輪的后平面上，離合器的輸出軸就是變速箱的輸入軸。駕駛員行駛 要 離合器 ， 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱 分離和 接合， 傳 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 變速器輸入的動(dòng)力。、 汽車(chē)平 汽車(chē) 于，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱是性currency1接的，一“上，汽車(chē)將于fi接上動(dòng)力fi fl， 成機(jī)件的 ，而動(dòng)力 ”汽車(chē) fl的 性力， 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)速 而。在 用離合器 將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱分離，fi后離合器 接合，于離合器的主動(dòng)部分與動(dòng)部分之間 在著的 ， 離合器傳出的零 ，而汽車(chē)的動(dòng)力 ，而 汽車(chē)平 。、 于 汽車(chē)行駛 ， 用 的變速箱位， 變 的行駛 件。 有離合器將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱 分離，變速箱 合的傳力輪因 有 ，其 合面間的 力 而于分 。一對(duì) 合輪因 速 而于 合。 行進(jìn)入 合 的 fl ，壞機(jī)件。用離合器 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱 分離后進(jìn)行 ，原 合的一對(duì)輪因 ， 合面間的 力，就 分 。而 合的一對(duì)輪，于主動(dòng)輪與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分 后動(dòng) 量 ，用合 的 動(dòng)作就能 合的輪 速 接 ，而 輕輪間的fl 。3、防傳動(dòng)系 汽車(chē)緊制動(dòng) ，車(chē)輪fi速，而與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) currency1的傳動(dòng)系于旋的 性，仍 持原有速，這往往在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的 性， 傳動(dòng)系的零件 壞。于離合器是靠擦力傳 的，所 當(dāng)傳動(dòng)系內(nèi) 超 擦力所能傳 的 ，離合器的主、動(dòng)部分就自動(dòng)打，因而 到了防傳動(dòng)系 的作用。、摩擦片式離合器1、離合器的功用與要求：（1）功用1） 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與傳動(dòng)系 接合， 汽車(chē)平 。2） 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與傳動(dòng)系的聯(lián)系， 于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的 動(dòng)和變速器的 ， 傳動(dòng)系 工作平順。3）限制所傳 ，防傳動(dòng)系 (2)對(duì)離合器的要求：1）具有合 的儲(chǔ)備能力。既能 傳 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最，又能防傳動(dòng)系 。2）接合平順柔和， 汽車(chē)平 3）分離迅速?gòu)氐祝?于 和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 動(dòng)。4）具有良好的散熱能力。5）操縱輕 ， 輕駕駛員的疲勞。6）動(dòng)部分的動(dòng) 量 盡量, 的fl 。2、摩擦片式離合器工作原理（1）離合器的組成主動(dòng)部分、動(dòng)部分、 緊裝置、分離機(jī)構(gòu)和操縱機(jī)構(gòu)（2）離合器的工作原理（視頻）1）接合：彈簧將 盤(pán)、飛輪及動(dòng)盤(pán)互 緊，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的 飛輪及 盤(pán)通 摩擦面的摩擦力傳至動(dòng)盤(pán)。2）分離 ： ，套在動(dòng)盤(pán)轂槽 的撥叉， 推動(dòng)動(dòng)盤(pán)” 緊彈簧的 力右移而與飛輪分離，摩擦力消失，而 了動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)。3）接合 ：緩慢 抬 離合器 ， 動(dòng)盤(pán)在 緊彈簧 力作用 左移與飛輪恢復(fù)接觸， 接觸面間的 力 加，的摩擦力 加，離合器完全打、部分打，直至完全接合。3、摩擦離合器主要類(lèi)型1）按動(dòng)盤(pán)數(shù)目分為：?jiǎn)纹健㈦p片式、多片式。 轎車(chē)和輕 型貨車(chē)一般用單片式2）按 緊彈簧的型式與布置分：布彈簧式、 央彈簧式、膜片彈簧式3、摩擦片式離合器的構(gòu)（一）摩擦片式離合器的基本構(gòu) 摩擦片式離合器一般主動(dòng)部分、動(dòng)部分、 緊機(jī)構(gòu)和操縱機(jī)構(gòu)四部分組成。 1、主動(dòng)部分 主動(dòng)部分包括飛輪、離合器蓋、 盤(pán) 機(jī)件組成。這部分與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸currency1在一 。離合器蓋與飛輪靠螺栓currency1接， 盤(pán)與離合器蓋之間是靠34個(gè)傳動(dòng)片傳 的。2、動(dòng)部分 動(dòng)部分是單片、雙片 多片動(dòng)盤(pán)所組成，它將主動(dòng)部分通摩擦傳的動(dòng)力傳給變速器的輸入軸。動(dòng)盤(pán)動(dòng)盤(pán)本體，摩擦片和動(dòng)盤(pán)轂三個(gè)基本部分組成。為了 動(dòng)方 的共振，緩和傳動(dòng)系受到的fl ，多數(shù)汽車(chē)都在離合器的動(dòng)盤(pán)上附裝有震器。 為了 汽車(chē)能平 ，離合器 能柔和接合，這就 要?jiǎng)颖P(pán)在軸 具有一定彈性。為此，往往在動(dòng)盤(pán)本體園 部分，沿徑和 槽。再將分割形成的扇形部分沿 翹曲成波浪形，兩側(cè)的兩片摩擦片分別與其對(duì) 的凸 部分 鉚接，這樣動(dòng)盤(pán)被 縮 ， 緊力隨翹曲的扇形部分被 平而 ，而達(dá)到接合柔和的效。 3、振器 離合器接合 ，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的 飛輪和 盤(pán)傳給了動(dòng)盤(pán)兩側(cè)的摩擦片，帶動(dòng)動(dòng)盤(pán)本體和與動(dòng)盤(pán)本體鉚接在一 的振器盤(pán)動(dòng)動(dòng)盤(pán)本體和振器盤(pán)又通 六個(gè)振器彈簧把傳給了動(dòng)盤(pán)轂。因?yàn)橛袕椥?的作用，所 傳動(dòng)系受的動(dòng)fl 在此 到緩和。傳動(dòng)系 的振動(dòng) 動(dòng)盤(pán)轂 對(duì)于動(dòng)盤(pán)本體和振器盤(pán) 動(dòng)， 在它 之間的 片靠摩擦消 振動(dòng)的能量，將振動(dòng) 。 4、 緊機(jī)構(gòu) 緊機(jī)構(gòu)主要螺旋彈簧 膜片彈簧組成，與主動(dòng)部分一 旋，它 離合器蓋為 ，將 盤(pán) 飛輪，而將 于飛輪和盤(pán) 間的動(dòng)盤(pán) 緊。 螺旋彈簧分沿 布置和在 央布置兩 。將一個(gè) 形 形彈簧布置在 央的離合器 為 央彈簧離合器。 （）兩 型的摩擦片式離合器1、膜片彈簧離合器（1）結(jié)構(gòu)1）膜片彈簧：用 質(zhì)彈簧 制成，形為 形， 有徑 槽， 槽內(nèi) currency1通， 為 。兩個(gè) 槽之間 形成一個(gè)彈性 ，是 緊彈簧又是分離 2） 緊裝置： 緊裝置 盤(pán)、離合器蓋、膜片彈簧、 、定位鉚釘、分離 、傳動(dòng)片組成（2）工作原理（視頻）：膜片彈簧 部?jī)蓚?cè) 持在離合器蓋上， 既是變形， 盤(pán) 有多個(gè)分離 與膜片彈簧 在一 。（3）膜片彈簧的彈性 性及其 ：1） 對(duì)膜片彈簧與螺旋彈簧 性曲 的對(duì) ，膜片彈簧分離的 力于接合 的 力2）當(dāng)摩擦片變，螺旋彈簧彈性 ，而膜片彈簧彈力 變，膜片彈簧具有自動(dòng) 緊力的 膜片彈簧的彈性 力與速關(guān)，具有速 緊力 定的 3）上所述，膜片彈簧離合器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、軸 currency1、良好的彈性性能、能自動(dòng) 緊力、操縱輕 、速 緊力 定、分離 平整 整 。在 、型汽車(chē)上“ 用2、 布彈簧式離合器：主、動(dòng)部分、 緊部分裝在離合器殼內(nèi)、 及駕駛fi （1）主動(dòng)部分 ：1）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪和 盤(pán)是離合器的主動(dòng)部分，離合器蓋通 定位fl裝在飛輪上， 心，蓋側(cè)面有散熱通 ， 盤(pán)的平面和飛輪的平面組成主動(dòng)件的摩擦面， 盤(pán)與離合器蓋通 傳動(dòng)片傳 。2） ： 有傳動(dòng)間， 有動(dòng)部位， 量，傳動(dòng)效，fl 及 盤(pán)定心性3）” ：傳動(dòng)片 能力，汽車(chē) （2）動(dòng)部分（震器） ：1）主要部件是動(dòng)盤(pán)(振器)，兩片摩擦 片、動(dòng) 片、動(dòng)盤(pán)轂組成，動(dòng)盤(pán) 片用彈簧 片制成，與動(dòng)盤(pán)轂鉚在一 上 有槽，防熱變形。 片 具有的摩擦系數(shù)，動(dòng)盤(pán) 片具有軸 彈性， 離合器接合柔和， 動(dòng)平，currency1接方式： 片與 片鉚在一 ，彈簧片與后 片鉚在一，最后盤(pán)片與彈簧片鉚在一 2） ：這 結(jié)構(gòu) 后 片與 片在動(dòng)盤(pán)自 有一定間，在結(jié)合 彈性變形 緊力 加軸 彈性，接合柔和（3） 緊機(jī)構(gòu)：沿 盤(pán) 對(duì) 布置的16個(gè)彈簧 （4）分離機(jī)構(gòu)：分離叉和分離 組成摩擦片數(shù)分：?jiǎn)纹x合器： ：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，分離徹底，currency1緊，動(dòng)部分 量，散熱性好，整方 。雙片離合器： ：傳 的能力 ，接合平順，分離徹底， 間 盤(pán)散熱 良。5、機(jī)構(gòu)： 、currency1 、分離叉、分離套、分離 摩擦式離合器的自行 ：分離軸 與分離 之間的間，是 整三個(gè)螺的 緊實(shí) 的；這樣離合器它要 接合與徹底分離 ；自行 ，離合器分離 徹底， “；自行 ，離合器 能分接合而 打。它 了一 方 整離合器自行的分離套，有效 了離合器徹底分離與分接合這一對(duì)。它是這樣實(shí) 的：將分離套 為加 ，與分離軸 的currency1接方式 為 currency1接，分離軸 自 帶整 螺，在分離軸 與分離套 帶螺 之間有 緊螺，將分離軸 好定位后，再用 緊螺緊固。6、離合器結(jié)構(gòu)上的 1分離 的 動(dòng) ：為 動(dòng) ，在分離 的 用 動(dòng)fl 。2離軸 的自行 ：分離 內(nèi) 與分離軸 內(nèi) 一定量的間。 =34mm3 自行 ： 機(jī) 后，要消 間 ，fi后 分離離合器。 L=3545mm4 自行 的整： 動(dòng)分離 上的螺， 整 的有效 ，而整 。5分離 的平：把分離 至與飛輪 面平行的 一平面，離合器分離徹底。摩擦片：（T 發(fā)曲變形）在徑有 ，在離合器蓋上fl有 進(jìn)行通 散熱。緊彈簧：（T 彈簧 彈力 ）a： 盤(pán)上裝彈簧 成凸 的， 盤(pán)對(duì)彈簧傳熱。 b：在 盤(pán)與彈簧間裝有 熱片7、合器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)1、功用： 離合器分離，而后接合。2分類(lèi)： 2、1、 力式操縱機(jī)構(gòu) ：2、1、1、操縱機(jī)構(gòu)：a、 傳動(dòng)裝置：主要 用于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置，離合器遠(yuǎn)離駕駛fi。： ，布置方 。”： ， ，用于輕、 型車(chē)、 車(chē)。b、 系傳動(dòng)裝置：用于多數(shù)汽車(chē)。：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，工作 靠，“用?！保?件間 接多，摩擦失， 力。液 式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)：組成：主缸、工作缸、管路系統(tǒng)。 ：靠液體 力傳 力，摩擦 力，重量輕，布置方 。液體有緩fl作用， “放” ，離合器能接合柔和，舒性好。轎車(chē)上 用多?！?：結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、制工藝要求。3、 助力式：原理及組成：空 縮機(jī)、儲(chǔ) 罐、控制閥、助力缸。” ：結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、質(zhì)量、 用。主要 用于一些重型車(chē)上。8、摩擦式的及影響因素是 濟(jì)型汽車(chē) 摩擦離合器壞的主要原因。通 分析 濟(jì)型汽車(chē) 摩擦式離合器在動(dòng)摩擦 件 的基本類(lèi)型及其影響因素， 出粒、粘著和疲勞是其的基本類(lèi)型，摩擦材料、溫 和動(dòng)速 是的主要影響因素：通 分析 濟(jì)型汽車(chē) 摩擦離合器 三個(gè)階段的類(lèi)型和量， 出縮合階段、延 定階段和推遲烈階段 離合器的 用 ；通 摩擦學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)和耐性試驗(yàn)， 出離合器摩擦副的材料性能、 離合器摩擦副的表面粗糙 和 善離合器工作 件（溫 、動(dòng)速 和工作） 措施，有助于 摩擦式離合器的摩擦性能和耐性，而 濟(jì)型汽車(chē) 摩擦式離合器的.Introduction clutch friction plateClutch is an important component of the vehicle, the core part of the automotive transmission parts, its performance is directly related to the quality of the overall vehicle quality, and thus the determination of its performance is very important. In this paper, the main friction clutch disc structure and working principle, provides an overview of the friction clutch plate of the role of test-bed, the basic composition and working principle； conducted a test-bed friction clutch plate and the structural design of the program, including the clutch components choice of experimental rig design, the arrangement of parts and components, power options, the choice of sensors and related measurement and calculation of parameters. The role of Automobile Clutch Clutch is located between the engine and gearbox shell flywheel, clutch assembly with screw fixed to the flywheel after the plane, the output shaft is a clutch gearbox input shaft. Drivers traveling on the course can be down or release the clutch pedal so that the temporary separation of the engine and gearbox and progressive joint, in order to cut off or transfer engine power to the transmission input. 1, to ensure a smooth start car Started before the vehicle is stationary, if the engine and gearbox is a rigid connection, once put up stalls, cars will be connected to power suddenly as a result of a sudden forward setting, it will not only caused by mechanical damage, and the driving force would not be enough to overcome the car forward setting have a great inertia force, so that the drastic drop in engine speed off. If you use the clutch when starting the engine and gearbox will be a temporary separation, and then a gradual clutch engagement, as part of the clutch driven initiative between the sliding part of the phenomenon of grinding, you can make the clutch of the torque was gradually increased from zero , and the vehicle driving force is gradually increased so that a smooth start car. 2, easy to shift Car process, often for transmission in different stalls in order to adapt to changing traffic conditions. If there is no clutch and gearbox will be a temporary separation of the engine, then the gearbox in the transmission gear mesh due to load not removed, the tooth engagement between the large and difficult to separate from the pressure. Gear will be treated to another because the two are quite difficult to circular meshing speed range. Even if forced into the mesh will have a significant impact on the tooth side, easy to mechanical damage. Using the clutch so the engine and gearbox shift after a temporary separation, then the original pair of meshing gears due to the load removed, the pressure between the mating surface is greatly reduced, it will be easier to separate. And another question on the gear mesh, gear and the engine due to the separation of very small moment of inertia, using the appropriate action will be able to shift gears meshing circle to be equal to or close to the same speed, so as to avoid or mitigate the impact of inter-gear. 3, to prevent the transmission line overload Vehicle emergency braking, the wheels of sudden deceleration, while engine power train connected to the inertia due to rotation, still retain their original speed, which often arise in the transmission of the moment of inertia is much larger than the engine torque to drive Department of easily damaged parts. As the clutch is to rely on friction to transmit torque, so with the load when the transmission system can transmit more than friction torque, the clutch master, slave will automatically spin part, which prevent the transmission system has played a role overload . Clutch friction plate 1, the function of the clutch with the requirements (1) function 1) To enable the engine and power train gradually bonding to ensure a smooth start car. 2) temporarily cut off the engine and power train links, easy to start the engine and transmission shift, transmission system to ensure smooth work shift. 3) to limit the transmission of torque to prevent the transmission line overload (2) the requirements of the clutch: 1) with appropriate levels of reserve capacity. Can guarantee the transmission of engine torque, but also to prevent the transmission line overload. 2) soft smooth bonding to ensure a smooth start car 3) separation of prompt and thorough, easy to shift and the engine start-up. 4) have good heat capacity. 5) to manipulate light in order to reduce driver fatigue. 6) the driven part of the moment of inertia should be as small as possible to reduce the impact of the time shift. 2, friction plate clutch working principle (1) the composition of the clutch Active part of the driven part, clamping device, separation and manipulation of body (2) of the working principle of the clutch (video) 1) bonding state: the pressure plate springs, flywheel and driven plate compactor with each other, the engine torque by the flywheel and pressure plate through the friction surface of the friction torque transmitted to the driven plate. 2) the separation process: the pedal down, set in the follower plate in the slide wheel fork, then push the driven plate pressed to overcome the spring pressure shifted to right with the flywheel separation, friction disappear, thus creating a break powertrain. 3) bonding process: slowly lift the clutch pedal so that the spring pressed follower plate in the left under pressure to resume contacts with the flywheel, the contact between the two pressures, the corresponding gradual increase in friction torque, the clutch from fully skid, some skid until completely bonding. 3, the main types of friction clutch 1) divided by the number of the driven plate: single-chip, dual-chip, multi-chip. Medium-sized cars and light trucks generally use the single-chip 2) according to the type of spring-pressed with the layout at: Spring-loaded cloth weeks, the central spring-loaded, diaphragm spring-type 3, the clutch friction plate tectonics (A) the clutch friction plate of the basic structure friction plate clutch part of the general by the initiative, driven in part, pressed bodies and manipulate the body composed of four parts. 1, active part of take the initiative to include flywheel, clutch cover, pressure plate and other mechanical components. This part together with the engine crankshaft. Clutch cover and flywheel connected by bolts, pressure plate and clutch cover is between 3-4 months on-chip transmission of torque transmission. 2, driven in part Driven in part by a single, double or multi-chip set consisting of driven, it will take the initiative came partly through the power of friction to the transmission input shaft. Driven by the follower plate body plate, friction plate and the driven wheel disc three basic parts. The direction of rotation in order to avoid resonance, to ease the impact transmission system load, the majority of cars driven in the clutch disc damper attached with reverse. In order to enable a smooth start car, the clutch should be able to soft bonding, which requires the driven plate has a certain flexibility in the axial direction. To this end, the body is often set in park-week moving part along the radial and circumferential grooving. Then split to form part of the fan-shaped along the weeks to warp into a wavy, two friction on both sides of the respective films and their corresponding rivet protruding parts, so that the driven plate is compressed when pressed with the warping power of the fan-shaped part of pressure level gradually increased, so as to achieve the effect of joint and soft. 3, reversing the shock absorber clutch engagement, the engine torque issued by the flywheel and pressure plate to the dynamic disk on both sides of the friction plate, driven plate follower plate follower body and the shock absorber body with riveted rotating disk Dynamic disk disk shock absorber body and through the six damper springs to torque to the driven wheel set. Because there are aspects of the role of flexibility, so the rotation transmission system by the impact can be mitigated. Driveline torsional vibration of the driven plate hub will move relative to plate body and the damper plate rotating back and forth, caught in the film between them by friction damping of torsional vibration of the energy consumption will be down the attenuation of torsional vibration. 4, compact body pressed mainly by the coil spring or diaphragm spring of the rotation together with the active part, it relies on the clutch cover, pressure plate will be pressure to the flywheel, which will be in a pressure plate between the flywheel and the driven plate compactor. coil spring to the arrangement of points along the week and at the central arrangement of the two. A cylindrical or cone-shaped spring of the clutch arrangement as in the central central spring clutch. (B) two typical clutch friction plate 1, diaphragm spring clutch (1) the structure of 1) Diaphragm Spring: made with high-quality spring steel, shape for the dish, there are radial grooving open, cut-side connectivity inside and outside for the hole-side. Slotting between the two plates to form a flexible lever, which is spring pressed lever is separated from 2) clamping device: clamping device by the pressure plate, clutch cover, diaphragm spring, the bearing ring, the positioning of rivets, hook separation, transmission-chip components (2) working principle (video): Both sides of the diaphragm spring by supporting the central clamping ring covered in the clutch, the bearing is not only a deformation of the fulcrum ring, pressure plate surrounding a number of isolated hook hook together with the diaphragm spring. (3) of the elastic properties of diaphragm spring and its characteristics: 1) based on the diaphragm spring and coil spring characteristic curve of the comparison, when the diaphragm spring pressure is less than the separation pressure bonding 2) When the friction film thinning, decreased elastic helical spring, and almost the same elastic diaphragm spring, diaphragm spring clamping force with automatic adjustment of the characteristics of the flexible diaphragm spring pressure is almost nothing to do with speed, when pressed with a high-speed power stability characteristics of 3) To sum up, diaphragm spring clutch of simple structure, the axial size, good elastic properties, can be adjusted automatically compress, and manipulate the light, high-speed stability when the compacting force, separation, such as a lever to adjust the characteristics of formation do not. In small and medium-sized car on the wider use of 2, Zhou cloth clutch spring: the main, driven in part, pressed part of the crust are installed in the clutch, the cab outside and in (1) take the initiative in part: 1) The engine flywheel and clutch pressure plate is part of the initiative, through the clutch cover pin installed in the flywheel, the guarantee of one mind, cover the side air vents have heat, pressure plate and flywheel of the plane composed of active pieces of the plane of the friction surface, pressure plate and clutch cover film to pass through the torque transmission. 2) characteristics: there is no transmission gap, there is no wear-driven part of the problem, repair a small amount of high transmission efficiency, without the impact of noise and pressure plate will be the issue of mental 3) Disadvantages: the carrying capacity of the reverse drive bad film, car easy to fold when the anti-drag (2) driven in part (including the reverse shock absorber): 1) the main components is driven disk (including the reverse shock absorber), by two friction linings, driven steel sheet, the composition of the driven plate hub, driven by a thin steel plate made of spring steel, and from the riveting action with the top disc hub has radial slots to prevent heat distortion. Linings should have a larger coefficient of friction, driven steel plate with axial flexibility to allow soft clutch engagement, starting a smooth, connected by: linings steel with a riveting together, and after the Spring riveting linings in together, the last disc together with the spring riveting film 2) characteristics: such a structure so that after the steel linings in the follower plate and the free state have a certain gap, in the combination of elastic deformation when pressed so that the axial force arising from a gradual increase in flexibility, joint and soft (3) compacting body: pressure plate along the symmetrical layout of the circumference of the spring 16 (4) Separation: The separation by the separation of the lever fork and components Friction plate according to the number of points: a single clutch: features: simple structure, the separation complete, compact size, the driven part of the small inertia, good heat dissipation, to facilitate adjustment. Double clutch: features: the ability to transmit more torque, more flattened joints, but does not go far enough separation between the adverse heat platen. 5, by: pedal, linkage, fork separation, separation sleeve, separation lever Friction clutch of a free trip: that is isolated and separated bearing gap between the lever is adjusted to achieve the three nuts of the elastic； this clutch engagement inflated it in contradiction with the complete separation； free tune too much travel, the clutch separation is not complete, causing difficulties； free tune too small journey, not the full engagement of clutch slip caused. It provides an easy to adjust the clutch free travel of the separation sleeve and effective solution to the complete separation of the clutch and the full engagement of the contradictions. It is this realization: The separation of the sleeve a little longer, and separation of the connection bearing pattern changed to connect with their own adjustment of the separation section of bearing nuts, bearings and separation in the separation zone threaded sleeve between the locking nut, separation is about to transfer a good position after the bearings, and then locking nut fastening. 6, the clutch structure of the special issues: 1 Separation of leverage to interfere in the movement: movement in order to avoid interference in the separation of floating fulcrum lever pivot pin. 2 free trip away from the bearings: separation lever bearings and separation within the client side should stay within a certain amount of space. = 3 4mm 3 boards free trip: drivers pedal down, the need to eliminate the gap , before the beginning of the separation clutch. L = 35 45mm 4 pedal free travel adjustment: Dynamic Separation of screw nut on the rod to adjust the effective length of rod, In order to adjust the 5 Separation of leverage leveling: the separation of the lever parallel to the flywheel face and the same plane, To ensure the complete clutch. Friction plate: ( T hog too much deformation occurred) have opened in the radial incision and covered with red clutch Have fenestrae pressure for cooling ventilation. Pressed spring: ( T high elastic spring decline in aging) a: Department of spring load platen protruding into the rib so as to reduce the pressure on the spring plate heat transfer. b: in the pressure plate and spring with insulation between the gasket 7, a device to manipulate body 1, function: to make clutch, and then bonding. 2 Category: 2,1, human-style manipulation of institutions: 2,1,1, manipulation of institutions: a, rope gear: The engine used in the rear